The wave feature analysis of Bohai Sea in winter of 2023-2025 based on buoy measurements and numeric modeling

Wu Hongxuan; Yue Che; Li Jingkai; Ma Xin; Ma Yechi; Li Rui

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Wu Hongxuan，Yue Che，Li Jingkai, et al. The wave feature analysis of Bohai Sea in winter of 2023-2025 based on buoy measurements and numeric modeling[J]. Haiyang Xuebao，2026, 48(x)：1–11

Citation:

Wu Hongxuan，Yue Che，Li Jingkai, et al. The wave feature analysis of Bohai Sea in winter of 2023-2025 based on buoy measurements and numeric modeling[J]. Haiyang Xuebao，2026, 48(x)：1–11

Citation:

Wu Hongxuan，Yue Che，Li Jingkai, et al. The wave feature analysis of Bohai Sea in winter of 2023-2025 based on buoy measurements and numeric modeling[J]. Haiyang Xuebao，2026, 48(x)：1–11

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The wave feature analysis of Bohai Sea in winter of 2023-2025 based on buoy measurements and numeric modeling

Wu Hongxuan^{1, 2
,},
Yue Che³,
Li Jingkai^{1
,
,},
Ma Xin¹,
Ma Yechi¹,
Li Rui³

1.
Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography.MOE.China, Qingdao 266100, China
2.
Ningde marine center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Ningde 352100, China
3.
North China Sea Marine Forecasting and Disaster Mitigation Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266100, China

Received Date: 2025-09-20
Accepted Date: 2026-02-11
Rev Recd Date: 2026-01-29

Available Online: 2026-02-13

Abstract

Abstract

Based on the observations of 3 wave buoys deployed in Liaodong Bay in winter of 2023−2025 and wave numerical model, this paper analyzes the characteristics of waves during freezing winter of Bohai Sea. According to the statistic results, the mean significant wave heights (mean significant wave periods) observed by 2 buoys in the center of Bohai Sea are about 1 m (4−5 s). Observations from the located buoy in Liaodong Bay indicates that waves are great affected by sea ice. When the buoy locates in a freezing region, the observed mean significant wave heights (mean significant periods) are 0.2 m (9 s), indicating a 54% reduction (98% increase) compared to the measurements without sea ice. The existence of sea ice may also lead the peak wave direction differ from the dominant wind direction. On the perspective of numeric modeling, the error of simulated wave heights can be reduced to 33% by adding ice-wave terms compared to the model without ice terms. By comparing two wind input terms (Komen and ST6), this paper finds that the simulations match the observations well and the error is comparable. Based on observations of buoys, the results rich the acknowledgements of people in the wave features in Bohai Sea during the freezing winter.
- Bohai Sea,
- SWAN,
- drifting buoys,
- significant wave height,
- freezing winter

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References(33)

References

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