Occurrence Conditions and Propagation Characteristics of Trapped Waves over the Submerged Ridge Based on Potential Flow Theory

Xu Yang; Wang Gang; Hu Jian

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Xu Yang，Wang Gang，Hu Jian. Occurrence Conditions and Propagation Characteristics of Trapped Waves over the Submerged Ridge Based on Potential Flow Theory[J]. Haiyang Xuebao，2026, 48(x)：1–8

Citation:

Xu Yang，Wang Gang，Hu Jian. Occurrence Conditions and Propagation Characteristics of Trapped Waves over the Submerged Ridge Based on Potential Flow Theory[J]. Haiyang Xuebao，2026, 48(x)：1–8

Citation:

Xu Yang，Wang Gang，Hu Jian. Occurrence Conditions and Propagation Characteristics of Trapped Waves over the Submerged Ridge Based on Potential Flow Theory[J]. Haiyang Xuebao，2026, 48(x)：1–8

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Occurrence Conditions and Propagation Characteristics of Trapped Waves over the Submerged Ridge Based on Potential Flow Theory

Xu Yang^1
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Wang Gang^{2, 3
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Hu Jian⁴

1.
Shandong Provincial Communications Planning and Design Institute Group Co., Ltd, Jinan 250101, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal Disaster and Protection, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210024, China
3.
College of Harbour, Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Hohai University , Nanjing 210098, China
4.
Yangtze River Shipping Development Research Center, Wuhan 430014, China

Received Date: 2026-02-28
Rev Recd Date: 2026-05-15

Available Online: 2026-05-25

Abstract

Abstract

Oceanic ridges can channel tsunami energy as trapped waves that propagate over distances exceeding ten thousand kilometers. Owing to their distinct propagation characteristics, these waves carry substantial energy to remote oceanic regions, posing serious threats to coastal engineering structures and to human life and property. Using potential flow theory, this study derives an analytical solution for trapped waves over a stepped ridge. It is mathematically demonstrated that trapped waves over a step-type ridge arise from wave reflection at the abrupt topographic change, and an explicit expression is provided for the critical condition required for total internal reflection to occur—thereby enabling wave trapping. The results show that lower-frequency wave components are more readily trapped by the stepped topography, and that the trapping effect becomes increasingly pronounced as the incident wave angle increases. By adopting the full-depth potential flow theory, this study overcomes the limitation of previous theories that are applicable only to shallow-water waves, thus offering reliable theoretical formulations for investigating trapped waves over realistic, steep ridge topographies.
- Trapped Waves,
- Stepped Ridges,
- Analytical Solution,
- Potential Flow Theory,
- Tsunami

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References(34)

References

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