Effects of Internal Solitary Waves, Internal Tides, and Seasonal Bottom-Water Temperature Variations on the Dissociation of Shallow Gas Hydrates in the South China Sea

Hu Cong; Li Xiaomei; Jia Yonggang

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Hu Cong，Li Xiaomei，Jia Yonggang. Effects of Internal Solitary Waves, Internal Tides, and Seasonal Bottom-Water Temperature Variations on the Dissociation of Shallow Gas Hydrates in the South China Sea[J]. Haiyang Xuebao，2026, 48(x)：1–18

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Effects of Internal Solitary Waves, Internal Tides, and Seasonal Bottom-Water Temperature Variations on the Dissociation of Shallow Gas Hydrates in the South China Sea

Hu Cong^{1, 2
,},
Li Xiaomei^{1, 2},
Jia Yonggang^{1, 2}

1.
Ocean University of China, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Engineering Geology and the Environment, Qingdao 266100, China
2.
Ocean University of China, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, China

Received Date: 2026-01-03
Accepted Date: 2026-03-27
Rev Recd Date: 2026-03-23

Available Online: 2026-03-30

Abstract

Abstract

Shallow-buried gas hydrates are distributed along the continental slope margin of the northern South China Sea. These hydrates are characterized by shallow burial depths and thin overburden layers, rendering them sensitive to changes in seabed temperature and pressure and prone to dissociation. Focusing on internal solitary waves, internal tides, and seasonal bottom-water temperature variations in the northern South China Sea, this study employs a one-dimensional heat conduction model to simulate their effects on shallow subsurface hydrate dissociation and conducts a parameter sensitivity analysis. Results indicate that temperature-pressure perturbations induced by a single internal solitary wave propagate less than a few centimeters into the sediments, falling short of reaching the top of the Hydrate Occurrence Zone (HOZ) located approximately 0.078 m below the seabed, and are thus unlikely to trigger dissociation. In contrast, an internal-tide-induced a temperature increase of 1.72℃ lasting 18 hours transfers heat to the HOZ top within 60 days, potentially leading to the dissociation of approximately 4 cm of hydrate. Seasonal bottom-water warming with an amplitude of 1.76℃ persisting for five months drives the dissociation front downward continuously over one year, resulting in a cumulative dissociation thickness of up to 14 cm. This significant impact demonstrates that the effect of sustained warming is substantially stronger than that of transient perturbations. Furthermore, parameter sensitivity analysis reveals that temperature amplitude and effective thermal diffusivity jointly control the propagation depth of thermal perturbations and the dissociation rate. The initial distribution characteristics of hydrates also significantly influence the dissociation process; specifically, the geothermal gradient, methane flux, and permeability determine the positions of the HOZ upper and lower boundaries, whereas porosity regulates the initial saturation and dissociation sensitivity. This study provides a critical basis for evaluating and predicting the stability of shallow subsurface hydrates and the associated risks of methane release.
- Internal solitary waves,
- Internal tides,
- Seasonal bottom-water temperature variations,
- One-dimensional heat conduction model,
- Hydrates,
- South China Sea

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References(71)

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