Pack ice extent and its spatiotemporal variation in summer Arctic

LIU Chenglong; ZHAO Jinping

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2013.04.005

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LIU Chenglong, ZHAO Jinping. Pack ice extent and its spatiotemporal variation in summer Arctic[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2013, 35(4): 36-46. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2013.04.005

Citation:

LIU Chenglong, ZHAO Jinping. Pack ice extent and its spatiotemporal variation in summer Arctic[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2013, 35(4): 36-46. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2013.04.005

LIU Chenglong, ZHAO Jinping. Pack ice extent and its spatiotemporal variation in summer Arctic[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2013, 35(4): 36-46. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2013.04.005

Citation:

LIU Chenglong, ZHAO Jinping. Pack ice extent and its spatiotemporal variation in summer Arctic[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2013, 35(4): 36-46. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2013.04.005

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Pack ice extent and its spatiotemporal variation in summer Arctic

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2013.04.005

College of Environmental Oceanography Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China

Received Date: 2013-03-03
Rev Recd Date: 2013-05-14

Abstract

Abstract

Variation of pack ice extent (PIE) in summer Arctic is important for understanding the sea-ice change in Arctic Ocean. As the ice concentration smoothly decreases from pack ice to marginal ice zone(MIZ), there is no definite boundary between them. Therefore a threshold of ice concentration, C₀, is required to define a margin of the pack ice in order to study the spatiotemporal variation of pack ice coverage. Two characteristics of ice concentration variation were obtained using 6.25 km resolution data of AMSR-E. The pack ice areas decrease with higher thresholds of ice concentration, whereas the decreasing rate with ice concentration is not uniform. A value of ice concentration could be chosen as a threshold at which the decreasing rate shifts from faster to slower. Meanwhile, the differences of ice concentration with neighboring grids will have a biggest statistical change nearby the margin. The suggested thresholds by the two characteristics mentioned above are all 89%, indicating a well defined threshold with clear physical significance. Based on the threshold of ice concentration, an erosion algorithm is used to eliminate the MIZ and a connected domain algorithm is used to remove the small ice pieces out of the pack ice. The larger PIE appeared during 2002-2006 with little annual variation. Since 2007, PIE decreased obviously. The minimum PIE was renewed in 2010 and 2011, especially the PIE of 2011 is only 64% of 2006. The variation of PIE is quite different from the ice-coverage extent (PIE plus MIZ), being an relative independent parameter in reflecting the sea ice variation in the area with high ice concentration. Sea-ice melting and variability of MIZ are two main factors influence the PIE. MIZ could extend or shrink by dynamic factors, which will induce some ice blocks moving from or into pack ice, leading to an associated transition between PIE and MIZ. This paper provides a new insight about sea ice variation in the Arctic, and the decrease of PIE indicates the ongoing reduce of pack ice in central Arctic Ocean．
- pack ice,
- marginal ice zone,
- sea-ice concentration threshold,
- erosion algorithm,
- connected domain algorithm

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References(28)

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