Research progress on functional genes related to coral thermal adaptation

Ma Yuling; Yu Xiaopeng; Yu Kefu; Chen Junling; Zheng Yue; Chen Jian

doi:10.12284/hyxb2025108

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Ma Yuling，Yu Xiaopeng，Yu Kefu, et al. Research progress on functional genes related to coral thermal adaptation[J]. Haiyang Xuebao，2025, 47(9)：1–21 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2025108

Citation:

Ma Yuling，Yu Xiaopeng，Yu Kefu, et al. Research progress on functional genes related to coral thermal adaptation[J]. Haiyang Xuebao，2025, 47(9)：1–21 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2025108

Citation:

Ma Yuling，Yu Xiaopeng，Yu Kefu, et al. Research progress on functional genes related to coral thermal adaptation[J]. Haiyang Xuebao，2025, 47(9)：1–21 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2025108

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Research progress on functional genes related to coral thermal adaptation

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2025108

Ma Yuling^1
,,
Yu Xiaopeng^{1
,
,},
Yu Kefu^{1, 2
,},
Chen Junling¹,
Zheng Yue¹,
Chen Jian¹

1.
Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
2.
Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 511458, China

Received Date: 2025-01-12
Rev Recd Date: 2025-05-07

Available Online: 2025-05-30

Abstract

Abstract

Global warming and extreme thermal events have induced widespread coral bleaching, leading to the rapid degradation of coral reef ecosystems across the globe. Identifying functional genes associated with thermotolerance is crucial for elucidating coral adaptation mechanisms to climate warming and enabling scientific predictions regarding coral reef ecosystem trajectories. However, the current understanding of the molecular mechanism of coral holobiont in response to heat stress is very insufficient. Therefore, this paper reviews the research progress of functional genes related to coral thermal adaptation. Initially, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), play a crucial role in detecting heat stress and activating downstream signaling cascades, thereby initiating the immune response process. These responses primarily involve: upregulation of heat shock proteins (HSPs) to facilitate the refolding of denatured polypeptides; induction of antioxidant protein genes to mitigate oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS); genes associated with apoptosis and pyroptosis play a crucial role in eliminating "harmful" cells. As thermal stress intensifies, corals initiate a sophisticated network of cellular processes to maintain. As heat stress intensifies, corals initiate a series of complex processes to jointly maintain cellular homeostasis. This includes: rapid activation of photoprotective protein genes to repair the photosynthetic apparatus of Symbiodiniaceae; expression of host fluorescent proteins to maintain redox balance; calcium channel proteins maintain the stability of intracellular Ca²⁺ levels; modulation of metabolic pathways to ensure adequate nutrient supply; inhibition of cell cycle progression to conserve energy; maintenance of cytoskeletal integrity to preserve structural stability; and regulation of ubiquitin-proteasome system for protein quality control. Furthermore, recurrent thermal stress events can induce acclimatization in corals, potentially enhancing their thermal tolerance through multiple mechanisms: downregulation of host metabolic rate, protection of heat-sensitive proteins, and upregulation of antioxidant enzymes and ammonium assimilation pathways.
- global warming,
- coral reef,
- thermal adaptation,
- functional genes,
- thermal acclimation

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References(183)

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