潮滩底栖微藻-泥沙组分时空变化规律研究

周怡; 张荷悦; 康梦涵; 谷玉先; 杨洪燕; 龚明劼; 周曾; 张亚楠

潮滩底栖微藻-泥沙组分时空变化规律研究

1.
河海大学水灾害防御全国重点实验室，江苏南京 210098
2.
北京林业大学东亚−澳大利西亚候鸟迁徙研究中心，北京 100091
3.
江苏省测绘工程院自然资源部国土卫星遥感应用重点实验室，江苏南京 210019
4.
盐城市湿地和世界自然遗产保护管理中心，江苏盐城 224133

基金项目: 自然资源部国土卫星遥感应用重点实验室开放基金（KLSMNR−G202217）；国家自然科学基金项目（52201316，42361144873）；中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金（B220202077）；黄海湿地课题项目（HHSDKT202306）。

详细信息

作者简介:
周怡（2000—），女，湖北省宜昌市人。主要从事河口海岸泥沙分选作用研究。E-mail：hhu_zhouy@163.com

通讯作者:
张荷悦，副研究员，主要从事潮滩生物-物理互馈机制研究。E-mail: zhangheyue@hhu.edu.cn

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-12-27
- 修回日期: 2025-03-11
- 网络出版日期: 2025-04-23

The influence law of tidal flat benthic microalgae on sediment components

1.
State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
2.
Center for East Asian-Australasian Flyway, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100091, China
3.
Key Laboratory of Land Satellite Remote Sensing Application, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, Nanjing 210019, China
4.
Yancheng Wetland and World Natural Heritage Conservation and Management Center, Yancheng 224133, China

摘要

摘要: 潮滩的泥沙组分与底栖微藻之间存在复杂的相互作用，影响潮滩生态系统稳定和地貌演变。为探究底栖微藻对泥沙组分的影响规律，本研究以江苏条子泥典型粉砂淤泥质潮滩为研究对象，通过野外观测和实验室分析，阐明了底栖微藻与泥沙组分的时空变化规律及相互关系。研究结果表明，温度、底栖动物活动、沙源等生物及非生物因素的季节性及空间性变化导致了底栖微藻生物量与沉积物粒径分布的时空差异性，秋冬季底栖微藻生物量高出春夏季18.6%，约50%底栖微藻分布于表层0−1 cm，春夏季中值粒径高出冬季17.8%；潮沟两侧水动力差异导致底栖微藻生物量与泥沙组分的同步突变现象，凸岸区域淤积作用明显，细颗粒泥沙大量沉积，中值粒径减小约75%且微藻生物量增幅最高达113%，而凹岸区域侵蚀强烈，中值粒径增幅最高可达213%，生物量降低约76%；环境条件和微藻群落组成共同驱动底栖微藻与泥沙组分关系的时空变化，春秋季因温度及光照适宜，底栖微藻生物量与细颗粒泥沙组分含量的相关性随深度增加而减弱，夏冬季因气候极端，次表层相关性最高，夏季多样化的微藻群落增强了对各组分泥沙的生物稳定作用，而冬季硅藻的优势地位加强了对黏土及细粉砂的选择性。
- 潮滩 /
- 底栖微藻 /
- 泥沙组分 /
- 生物稳定 /
- 时空分布
Abstract: There are complex interactions between the sediment components of silty-muddy tidal flats and benthic microalgae, which affect the stability of the tidal flat ecosystem and geomorphological evolution. In order to explore the influence law of benthic microalgae on sediment components, this study took the typical silty-muddy tidal flat in Tiaozini, Jiangsu Province as the research object. Through field observations and laboratory analyses, the temporal and spatial variations and the interrelationships between benthic microalgae and sediment components were revealed. The research results show that there are temporal and spatial differences in the biomass of benthic microalgae and the particle size distribution of sediments. The biomass of benthic microalgae in autumn and winter is higher than that in spring and summer, and it is distributed in the surface layer of 0−1 cm. The median particle size in spring and summer is larger than that in autumn and winter. The difference in hydrodynamic forces on both sides of tidal channels leads to the synchronous mutation phenomenon of the biomass of benthic microalgae and sediment components. The biomass of microalgae in the convex bank area is relatively high and the sediment particle size is smaller, while in the concave bank area, the erosion is intense and the biomass decreases. Environmental conditions (such as temperature and light) and the composition of microalgae communities jointly drive the temporal and spatial changes in the relationship between benthic microalgae and sediment components. In summer, the diverse microalgae communities enhance the biostabilization effect on various sediment components, while in winter, the dominant position of diatoms strengthens the selectivity for clay and fine silt.
- tidal flat /
- benthic microalgae /
- sediment components /
- biostabilization /
- temporal and spatial distribution

HTML全文

图 1 江苏省条子泥湿地研究区

（a）研究区位置图采样断面（b）采样点布设图

Fig. 1 Tiaozini tidal flat research area in Jiangsu Province

(a) Location map of the research area sampling section (b) sampling point layout map

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 南断面各季节剖面形态（1985国家高程基准）

Fig. 2 Tidal flat profile of study area

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 各季节S-S断面底栖微藻种类组成

（a）春季（b）夏季（c）秋季（d）冬季

Fig. 3 Composition of benthic microalgae species in S-S sections in different seasons

(a) Spring (b) Summer (c) Autumn (d) Winter

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 各季节底栖微藻生物量与泥沙中值粒径空间性变化

（a）春季S-S断面（b）秋季S-S断面（c）秋季N-N断面（d）夏季S-S断面（e）冬季S-S断面（f）夏季N-N断面

Fig. 4 Spatial variations in the biomass of benthic microalgae and the median particle size of sediment in each season

(a) Section S-S in spring; (b) Section S-S in autumn; (c) Section N-N in autumn; (d) Section S-S in summer; (e) Section S-S in winter; (f) Section N-N in summer

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 底栖微藻-泥沙各组分占比相关性时空变化

Fig. 5 Temporal and spatial variations in the proportion of benthic microalgae sediment components

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 各季节S-S断面底栖微藻多样性指数

Tab. 1 The diversity index of benthic microalgae at the S-S section in each season

季节	S1	S2	S3	S4	S5	S6	S7	S8	S9	S10	S11
春季	1.05	1.09	1.09	1.05	0.97	1.01	1.12	0.96	0.76	0.35	0.88
夏季	1.26	1.35	1.22	1.23	1.24	1.17	1.11	0.93	0.57	0.33	1.08
秋季	0.92	1.02	1.23	1.24	1.00	1.22	1.42	0.96	1.36	1.11	0.92
冬季	0.62	0.94	0.99	0.56	0.54	0.78	—	0.82	—	—	—

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 不同季节S-S断面各测点底栖微藻优势种及优势度

Tab. 2 Dominant species and dominance index of benthic microalgae at sampling points along the S-S transect across different seasons

季节	优势种	优势度
季节	优势种	S1	S2	S3	S4	S5	S6	S7	S8	S9	S10	S11
春季	硅藻	0.239	0.176	0.250	0.216	0.238	0.253	0.206	0.313	0.602	0.861	0.404
春季	裸藻	0.161	0.322	0.255	0.325	0.510	0.472	0.347	0.163	0.103	0.019	0.010
夏季	硅藻	0.330	0.286	0.298	0.429	0.304	0.268	0.387	0.526	0.856	0.872	0.226
	蓝藻	0.103	0.120	0.180	0.163	0.226	0.273	0.179	0.119	0.117	0.004	0.315
	裸藻	0.300	0.287	0.035	0.041	0.043	0.014	0.031	0.009	0.009	0.010	0.009
秋季	硅藻	0.642	0.620	0.387	0.465	0.292	0.391	0.369	0.540	0.398	0.528	0.499
	蓝藻	0.024	0.033	0.204	0.053	0.090	0.111	0.293	0.089	0.181	0.114	0.120
	裸藻	0.113	0.095	0.091	0.104	0.054	0.118	0.334	0.044	0.181	0.114	0.013
冬季	硅藻	0.665	0.532	0.413	0.755	0.711	0.617	—	0.680	—	—	—

下载: 导出CSV

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