Dynamic Rheological Properties of Deep-Sea Soft Clay under the Coupled Influence of Temperature and Salinity
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摘要: 为保障海洋动荷载（波浪、洋流、地震）长期作用下海底结构物的稳定性，需明确海床表层深海软黏土的流变特性。本研究以深海软黏土为对象，采用应变控制模式流变仪，开展不同盐温条件下的动态剪切试验，分析储能模量（G'）、损耗模量（G''）和交叉应变的变化规律，结合液塑限试验和自由沉降试验，揭示盐温条件对深海软黏土流变行为的影响机制。试验结果表明，随 NaCl 溶液浓度升高与温度降低，深海软黏土的液限、塑限、沉降体积、G'、G''及交叉应变均呈增大趋势，该现象与黏土颗粒絮凝结构发育及双电层厚度减小直接相关；随剪切应变增加，深海软黏土呈现典型两步屈服特征： 第一屈服发生于模量首次下降阶段（对应絮凝网络破坏），第二屈服出现于模量二次下降阶段（对应剪切诱导形成的中空圆柱形结构破碎），两屈服阶段间的平台期由中空圆柱形结构的抗剪切作用所致。本研究成果可为超深海工程基础设计与稳定性评估提供理论依据。Abstract: To ensure the structural stability of subsea infrastructure under prolonged exposure to marine dynamic loads (e.g., waves, ocean currents, and seismic activities), it is essential to understand the rheological behavior of deep-sea soft clay in the surface layer of the seabed. In this study, deep-sea soft clay was selected as the research subject, and dynamic shear tests were conducted under varying salinity and temperature conditions using a strain-controlled rheometer. The variation patterns of storage modulus (G'), loss modulus (G''), and cross-strain were systematically analyzed. By integrating liquid and plastic limit tests and free settlement tests with, the influence mechanisms of salinity and temperature on the rheological properties of deep-sea soft clay were explored. The experimental results indicate that as the concentration of NaCl solution increases and temperature decreases, the liquid limit, plastic limit, settlement volume, G', G'', and cross-strain of deep-sea soft clay all exhibit an upward trend. This behavior is closely associated with the formation of a flocculated clay structure and the reduction in thickness of the double electric layer. Under increasing shear strain, deep-sea soft clay demonstrates a distinct two-step yielding behavior: the first yield occurs during the initial stage of modulus reduction, corresponding to the breakdown of the flocculated network; the second yield appears in the subsequent modulus reduction phase, associated with the disruption of the shear-induced hollow cylindrical structure. The plateau phase between the two yielding stages reflects the shear resistance provided by the hollow cylindrical structure. The findings of this study provide a scientific foundation for the design and stability evaluation of engineering foundations in ultra-deep marine environments.
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图 2 Anton Paar MCR302流变仪实物图：（a）主机；（b）夹具
Fig. 2 Physical picture of Anton Paar MCR302 rheometer: (a) Main unit; (b) Fixture
图 3 深海软黏土液、塑限变化曲线：（a）T= 2℃；（b）CNaCl =0.3 mol/L
Fig. 3 Changes curve of liquid and plastic limits in deep-sea soft soil: （a）T= 2℃；（b）CNaCl =0.3 mol/L
图 4 深海软黏土自由沉降的时程曲线
Fig. 4 Time-history curves of free settlement of deep-sea soft soil
图 5 不同NaCl溶液浓度下深海软黏土的模量与剪切应变曲线
Fig. 5 Modulus and shear strain curves of deep-sea soft soil under different CNaC
图 7 不同温度下深海软黏土的模量与剪切应变曲线
Fig. 7 Modulus and shear strain curves of deep-sea soft soil at different temperatures:
图 10 不同温度下黏粒表面双电层厚度随NaCl溶液浓度变化曲线
Fig. 10 Variation curves of the thickness of the double electric layer with the concentration of NaCl solution
表 1 深海软黏土的基本物理指标
Tab. 1 Basic Physical Indicators of deep-sea soft soil
天然含
水率/%孔隙比 比重 液限/% 塑限/% 塑性
指数颗粒组成/% 砂粒 粉粒 黏粒 74.9 2.1 2.76 60.8 40.8 20.8 9.3 37.8 52.9 
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表 2 深海软黏土的矿物成分
Tab. 2 Mineral Compositions of deep-sea soft soil
非黏土矿物含量（51%）/% 黏土矿物含量（49%）/% 石英 方解石 钾长石 斜长石 伊蒙混层 伊利石 蒙脱石 绿泥石 高岭石 34 12 1 4 4.2 23 60.8 5 7
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表 3 深海软黏土动态剪切试验方案
Tab. 3 Dynamic shear test scheme for deep-sea soft soil
温度T/℃ NaCl溶液浓CNaCl /mol/L 频率/Hz 含水率/% 2 0、0.1、0.2、0.3 1 74.9% 7 0、0.1、0.2、0.3 12 0、0.1、0.2、0.3 17 0、0.1、0.2、0.3
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