小海潟湖碳酸盐体系的季节变化与调控机制

庄雅; 王洋; 全鑫; 赵化德; 苏剑钟

小海潟湖碳酸盐体系的季节变化与调控机制

庄雅^{1, 2,},
王洋^{1, 2},
全鑫^{1, 3},
赵化德¹,
苏剑钟^{1, 4, ,}

1.
海南大学南海海洋资源利用国家重点实验室，海南海口 570288
2.
海南大学海洋生物与水产学院，海南海口 570288
3.
海南大学生态学院，海南海口 570288
4.
海南大学海洋科学与工程学院，海南海口 570288

基金项目: 海南省重点研发计划项目（ZDYF2022SHFZ056）；海南省科技人才创新项目（KJRC2023B04）；海南大学科研启动基金项目（XJ2400005860）；海南大学海洋科技协同创新中心科研项目（XTCX2022HYC07）。

详细信息

作者简介:
庄雅（1998—），女，海南省文昌市人，主要从事近海酸化研究。E-mail：22210707030005@hainanu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
苏剑钟（1990—），男，副研究员，主要从事河口近海碳的生物地球化学循环研究。E-mail: jzsu@hainanu.edu.cn

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-11-20
- 修回日期: 2025-02-24
- 网络出版日期: 2025-04-24

Seasonal variations and controlling mechanisms of the carbonate system in Xiaohai Lagoon

Zhuang Ya^{1, 2
,},
Wang Yang^{1, 2},
Quan Xin^{1, 3},
Zhao Huade¹,
Su Jianzhong^{1, 4
, ,}

1.
State Key Laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization in the South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570288, China
2.
School of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, Hainan University, Haikou 570288, China
3.
School of Ecology, Hainan University, Haikou 570288, China
4.
School of Marine Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570288, China

摘要

摘要: 本研究于2023年4月和10月对海南岛最大的潟湖——小海进行了碳酸盐体系的调查，旨在评估该区域的河流无机碳输出通量、海-气界面二氧化碳（CO₂）通量、水体酸化程度的季节差异及其调控机制。结果表明周边主要河流每年向小海潟湖输送0.682×10⁹ mol总溶解无机碳，0.571×10⁹ mol总碱度和0.195×10⁹ mol钙离子，多因素共同作用使小海流域单位面积无机碳通量在全球河口处于较高水平（47/134）。潟湖在4月为CO₂源，而在10月则转变成汇，年均CO₂通量（0.9 mol·m⁻²·yr⁻¹）显著低于全球大多数热带潟湖。在4月，受低pH河水输入影响，湖区南部与北部存在一定程度的酸化现象。而10月，湖区中部底栖海藻、海草和浮游植物的强光合作用一定程度上缓解了水体酸化，使溶解氧过饱和（107%−136%），CO₂分压低至116 μatm，pH（8.41±0.14）显著高于外海。本研究将为热带潟湖碳循环和万宁小海生态环境治理提供科学理论支撑。
- 热带潟湖 /
- 碳酸盐体系 /
- 河流输出通量 /
- CO₂通量 /
- 近海酸化 /
- 蓝碳生态系统
Abstract: We conducted two surveys on the carbonate system in Xiaohai, the largest lagoon on Hainan Island, during April and October 2023. The aims were to evaluate the seasonal differences in riverine inorganic carbon export flux, air-sea carbon dioxide (CO₂) flux, and coastal acidification as well as their controlling mechanisms. The results indicate that the surrounding major rivers deliver 0.682×10⁹ mol dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), 0.571×10⁹ mol total alkalinity, and 0.195×10⁹ mol calcium ions to Xiaohai Lagoon annually, and multiple factors result in a high DIC areal yield among other estuaries around the world (47/134). The lagoon water was a CO₂ source in April, but turned into a sink in October, with an annual mean CO₂ flux (0.9 mol·m⁻²·yr⁻¹) significantly lower than most tropical lagoons worldwide. In April, some acidification events occurred in the southeastern lagoon and the northern tidal channel. In October, strong photosynthesis by benthic seagrass, macroalgae, and phytoplankton alleviated estuarine acidification, resulting in a supersaturation of dissolved oxygen (107%−136%), a deficit of partial pressure of CO₂ as low as 116 μatm, and an elevated pH (8.41±0.14) significantly higher than the offshore seawater. Our study will provide scientific support for the carbon cycle in tropical lagoons and ecological environment management in Xiaohai Lagoon.
- tropical lagoon /
- carbonate system /
- riverine export flux /
- CO₂ flux /
- coastal acidification /
- blue carbon ecosystems

HTML全文

图 1 小海采样站位（a）、航次当天潮位（b）和风速（c）的变化情况

（实心圆圈显示航次期间的数据）

Fig. 1 Sampling sites (a), variations in tidal height (b) and wind speed (c) at sampling days

(Filled circles indicate the data during cruises)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 周边主要河流河道DIC、TA以及Ca²⁺浓度

（河流顺序从北往南排列，河道内站位从上游到下游排列）

Fig. 2 Concentrations of DIC, TA, and Ca²⁺ in the surrounding river channels

(The river sequence is arranged from north to south, and the stations within the river channel are arranged from upstream to downstream)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 4月和10月小海潟湖温度（a）和盐度（b）的空间分布特征

Fig. 3 Spatial distributions of water temperature (a) and salinity (b) in April and October in Xiaohai Lagoon

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 4月和10月小海潟湖DO%（a）、pH（b）、Ω_arag（c）和pCO₂（d）的空间分布特征

Fig. 4 Spatial distributions of DO% (a), pH (b), Ω_arag (c), and pCO₂ (d) in April and October seasons in Xiaohai Lagoon

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 小海流域河流无机碳输出通量与其他流域通量及其影响因素比较

（大型河流流域数据引自文献[46, 49]，由于大型河流流域降雨量数据的缺失，文献使用地表径流Runoff近似指代降雨量；小型河流流域主要来自印度^[48]。）

Fig. 5 Comparison of riverine inorganic carbon export flux and influencing factors between Xiaohai basin and other river basins

(The data of large river basins are cited from the literature[46, 49], due to the lack of rainfall data for large river basins, the literature used surface runoff as an approximate proxy for rainfall; while most of the small river basins are from India^[48].)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 4月和10月小海潟湖pH随盐度分布（a, b）及 pCO₂和DO饱和度的分布（c）

（图a, b中包含河道数据，其中曲线为pH的保守混合线；图c仅包含湖区数据，两条灰色虚线为DO和pCO₂达到100%饱和度的参考线。）

Fig. 6 Distributions of pH against salinity (a, b), saturations of DO and pCO₂ in Xiaohai Lagoon (c) in April and October

(Panels (a, b) contains river channels data, where the curve is a conservative mixed line of pH against salinity; Only data in lagoon aera are included in panel (c), and the two dashed grey lines mean the reference lines for saturated DO and pCO₂.)

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表 1 小海流域4月和10月的物质浓度以及年均河流输出通量

Tab. 1 Substance concentrations in the April and October and the annual mean riverine export fluxes in Xiaohai watershed

河流	流域面积^*/ (km²)	径流量^*/ (m³·s^-1)	DIC/ (μmol·kg^-1)			TA/ (μmol·kg^-1)			Ca²⁺/ (μmol·kg^-1)			DIC通量/ (10⁹ mol·yr^-1)	TA通量/ (10⁹ mol·yr^-1)	Ca²⁺通量/ (10⁹ mol·yr^-1)
河流	流域面积^*/ (km²)	径流量^*/ (m³·s^-1)	4月	10月	年均	4月	10月	年均	4月	10月	年均	DIC通量/ (10⁹ mol·yr^-1)	TA通量/ (10⁹ mol·yr^-1)	Ca²⁺通量/ (10⁹ mol·yr^-1)
龙首河	135.8	5.8	1036	774	905	889	649	769	301	202	251	0.166	0.141	0.046
龙尾河	158.0	7.3	638	603	620	633	567	598	184	182	183	0.142	0.137	0.042
东山河	97.1	4.6	959	989	972	768	758	763	276	325	301	0.142	0.111	0.044
北坡溪	110.1	7.5	741	1 221	981	644	890	767	232	298	265	0.232	0.181	0.063
汇总	501.0	25.2			857			718			245	0.682	0.571	0.195
^*数据引自^[17]

下载: 导出CSV

A1 河流无机碳输出通量与流域信息数据汇总

A1 Data compilation for riverine export fluxes of dissolved inorganic carbon and watershed information

编号	河流名称	纬度/ (°N)	经度/ (°E)	流域面积/ (10³ km²)	径流量/ (km³ yr⁻¹)	降雨量/ (mm yr⁻¹)	无机碳类型	物质浓度/ (μM)	通量/ (×10⁹ mol yr⁻¹)	单位面积通量/ (×10³ mol km⁻² yr⁻¹)	数据来源
1	Congo	4	NA	3699	1308	354	HCO₃	224	293	79	文献[46]
2	Orinoco	8	NA	1039	1129	1087	TA	423	478	460	文献[46]
3	Changjiang	30	NA	1794	944	526	HCO₃	1780	1680	937	文献[46]
4	Brahmaputra	25	NA	583	628	1077	HCO₃	1114	700	1200	文献[46]
5	Mississippi	36	NA	3203	610	190	TA	2074	1265	395	文献[46]
6	Yenisei	60	NA	2582	599	232	HCO₃	905	542	210	文献[46]
7	Parana	23	NA	2661	568	213	TA	764	434	163	文献[46]
8	Lena	63	NA	2418	531	220	HCO₃	870	462	191	文献[46]
9	Mekong	20	NA	774	525	678	HCO₃	949	498	644	文献[46]
10	Ob	60	NA	2570	412	160	TA	1251	515	201	文献[46]
11	Ganges	26	NA	956	404	423	HCO₃	1966	794	831	文献[46]
12	Tocantins	8	NA	757	372	491	HCO₃	316	118	155	文献[46]
13	St Lawrence	47	NA	1267	363	287	TA	1339	486	384	文献[46]
14	Pearl River	23	NA	477	343	719	HCO₃	1535	527	1104	文献[46]
15	Mackenzie	64	NA	1713	290	169	TA	1800	522	305	文献[46]
16	Xijiang	23	NA	409	270	660	DIC	1938	523	1279	文献[46]
17	Columbia	42	NA	724	252	348	HCO₃	1246	314	434	文献[46]
18	Ubangi	2	NA	356	228	640	HCO₃	317	72	203	文献[46]
19	Yukon	54	NA	852	212	249	HCO₃	1363	289	339	文献[46]
20	Salween	21	NA	325	211	649	HCO₃	3475	733	2256	文献[46]
21	Danube	48	NA	788	202	256	HCO₃	3115	629	799	文献[46]
22	Niger	9	NA	2240	193	86	HCO₃	550	106	47	文献[46]
23	Indus	29	NA	1143	104	91	HCO₃	1681	175	153	文献[46]
24	Huanghe	36	NA	894	47	53	HCO₃	2591	122	136	文献[46]
25	Irrawady	21	NA	410	486	1185	HCO₃	1967	956	2332	文献[49]
26	Amur	50	NA	1855	344	185	HCO₃	477	164	88	文献[49]
27	Magdalena	7	NA	235	237	1009	HCO₃	808	191	815	文献[49]
28	Uruguay	30	NA	240	145	604	HCO₃	426	62	257	文献[49]
29	Fly	7	NA	61	141	2311	HCO₃	1284	181	2968	文献[49]
30	Pechora	66	NA	324	131	404	HCO₃	638	84	258	文献[49]
31	HongHe	23	NA	120	123	1025	HCO₃	1328	163	1361	文献[49]
32	Sepik	4	NA	79	120	1525	HCO₃	1205	145	1837	文献[49]
33	Kolyma	68	NA	666	118	177	HCO₃	467	55	83	文献[49]
34	Fraser	51	NA	220	112	509	HCO₃	841	94	428	文献[49]
35	N. Dvina	63	NA	348	110	316	HCO₃	1361	150	430	文献[49]
36	Zambese	16	NA	1330	103	77	HCO₃	525	54	41	文献[49]
37	Godavari	21	NA	312	97	311	HCO₃	2156	209	670	文献[49]
38	Nelson	56	NA	1132	89	79	HCO₃	2115	189	167	文献[49]
39	Khatanga	72	NA	364	85	234	HCO₃	785	67	184	文献[49]
40	Purari	7	NA	31	84	2749	HCO₃	1328	112	3651	文献[49]
41	Nile	27	NA	2870	83	29	HCO₃	2852	237	82	文献[49]
42	Rhine	49	NA	224	69	310	HCO₃	2590	180	802	文献[49]
43	Mahanadi	21	NA	132	66	500	HCO₃	998	66	499	文献[49]
44	Kuskokwin	62	NA	123	60	487	HCO₃	1469	88	715	文献[49]
45	Rhone	45	NA	96	54	565	HCO₃	2885	156	1630	文献[49]
46	Dnepr	51	NA	504	54	107	HCO₃	2502	135	268	文献[49]
47	Po	45	NA	70	47	667	HCO₃	2918	136	1947	文献[49]
48	Shatt el arab	31	NA	541	46	85	HCO₃	2951	135	250	文献[49]
49	Narmada	22	NA	102	39	382	HCO₃	2869	112	1097	文献[49]
50	Wisla	52	NA	198	33	164	HCO₃	3115	101	511	文献[49]
51	Krishna	17	NA	259	30	116	HCO₃	2049	61	237	文献[49]
52	Don	50	NA	420	29	69	HCO₃	3295	95	227	文献[49]
53	Limpopo	23	NA	440	26	59	HCO₃	2361	61	140	文献[49]
54	Murray Darling	34	NA	1060	24	22	HCO₃	1541	36	34	文献[49]
55	Elbe	52	NA	148	23	154	HCO₃	2164	49	333	文献[49]
56	Cauveri	11	NA	88	21	239	HCO₃	2902	61	693	文献[49]
57	Nemanus	54	NA	98	20	200	HCO₃	4075	80	813	文献[49]
58	Odra	51	NA	112	18	163	HCO₃	2459	45	402	文献[49]
59	Panuco	22	NA	66	17	261	HCO₃	2918	50	761	文献[49]
60	Ebro	41	NA	84	17	207	HCO₃	2159	38	447	文献[49]
61	Seine	48	NA	79	13	164	HCO₃	4131	53	678	文献[49]
62	Weser	52	NA	46	11	230	HCO₃	2754	29	635	文献[49]
63	Orange	16	NA	716	11	154	HCO₃	1757	19	27	文献[49]
64	Pazhayar	8.2	77.5	0.397	0.21	1122.24	DIC	1512	0.32	794	文献[48]
65	Thamirabarani	8.3	77.2	0.745	0.34	1889.56	DIC	591	0.2	266	文献[48]
66	Neyyar	8.4	77.1	0.497	0.26	1809.2	DIC	353	0.09	188	文献[48]
67	Karamanyar	8.5	77.0	0.516	0.49	2240.07	DIC	331	0.16	313	文献[48]
68	Vamanapuram	8.7	76.8	0.687	0.8	2776.12	DIC	522	0.42	608	文献[48]
69	Ithikara	8.9	76.7	0.642	0.84	2518.46	DIC	316	0.26	412	文献[48]
70	Kallada	9.0	76.6	1.699	2.28	2695.3	DIC	480	1.09	643	文献[48]
71	Achankovil	9.3	76.6	1.484	1.99	2695.3	DIC	356	0.71	477	文献[48]
72	Pampa	9.3	76.6	2.235	3.62	2695.3	DIC	255	0.92	413	文献[48]
73	Manimala	9.4	76.6	0.847	1.74	3068.4	DIC	329	0.57	674	文献[48]
74	Meenachil	9.6	76.5	1.272	3.05	2790.82	DIC	339	1.03	813	文献[48]
75	Muvathpuzha	10.0	76.6	2.754	7.55	2968.5	DIC	351	2.65	962	文献[48]
76	Periyar	10.2	76.4	5.398	8	2453.71	DIC	411	3.29	610	文献[48]
77	Kurumali	10.4	76.3	1.537	1.99	2306.25	DIC	269	0.54	349	文献[48]
78	Bharathappuzha	10.8	76.3	6.181	5.07	1528.71	DIC	901	4.57	739	文献[48]
79	Kadalundipuzha	11.0	76.1	1.122	1.79	2004	DIC	367	0.66	586	文献[48]
80	Chaliyar	11.2	75.9	2.933	5.67	2599.56	DIC	333	1.89	645	文献[48]
81	Kuttiyadi	11.5	75.6	0.583	1.86	3104.84	DIC	402	0.75	1280	文献[48]
82	Mahe	11.7	75.6	0.406	1.44	4181.45	DIC	424	0.52	1281	文献[48]
83	Anjarakandy	11.8	75.5	0.412	6.24	4343.84	DIC	485	0.7	1690	文献[48]
84	Valapattanam	12.0	75.4	1.867	1.53	4234.52	DIC	505	3.15	1688	文献[48]
85	Kuppam	12.0	75.3	0.469	0.98	4584.78	DIC	369	0.56	1203	文献[48]
86	Perumba	12.1	75.2	0.314	2.33	3919.67	DIC	466	0.46	1462	文献[48]
87	Thejaswini	12.3	75.2	0.784	4.4	3709.69	DIC	276	0.64	818	文献[48]
88	Payaswini	12.5	75.1	1.538	1.77	3577	DIC	337	1.48	964	文献[48]
89	Shiriya	12.7	75.1	0.587	12.6	3761.89	DIC	298	0.53	898	文献[48]
90	Netravathi	12.9	75.0	3.657	2.53	4478.32	DIC	411	5.17	1415	文献[48]
91	Gurupura	12.9	75.0	0.685	0.74	4429.64	DIC	299	0.76	1104	文献[48]
92	Nandini	13.0	74.9	0.203	1.37	4403.58	DIC	289	0.21	1059	文献[48]
93	Shambhavi	13.1	74.9	0.344	3.83	4592.46	DIC	248	0.34	991	文献[48]
94	Suvarna	13.4	74.9	0.873	2.16	5050.25	DIC	288	1.1	1265	文献[48]
95	Sita	13.5	74.7	0.505	3.07	4909.58	DIC	251	0.54	1071	文献[48]
96	Haladi	13.6	74.8	0.781	1.15	4907.32	DIC	275	0.84	1081	文献[48]
97	Kolluru	13.7	74.6	0.295	1.3	4854.85	DIC	289	0.33	1129	文献[48]
98	Venkatapur	14.0	74.5	0.335	11.31	4881.44	DIC	482	0.63	1872	文献[48]
99	Sharavati	14.2	74.5	2.895	5.16	4584.78	DIC	387	4.38	1512	文献[48]
100	Aghnashini	14.4	74.4	1.35	13.83	4883.79	DIC	341	1.76	1304	文献[48]
101	Gangavali	14.6	74.4	3.574	1.23	4846.39	DIC	588	8.13	2274	文献[48]
102	Poojageri	14.7	74.3	0.216	0.84	4922.47	DIC	500	0.42	1939	文献[48]
103	Kali	14.9	74.2	4.841	19.11	4557.92	DIC	521	9.96	2057	文献[48]
104	Galibag	15.0	74.1	0.112	0.44	4935.18	DIC	397	0.18	1565	文献[48]
105	Talpona	15.0	74.1	0.233	0.92	4835.99	DIC	349	0.32	1383	文献[48]
106	Sal	15.2	74.0	0.301	1.19	4931.61	DIC	757	0.9	2988	文献[48]
107	Zuari	15.4	74.0	0.881	3.51	4579.28	DIC	507	1.78	2017	文献[48]
108	Mandavi	15.5	74.0	2.032	8.01	4926.81	DIC	507	4.06	1998	文献[48]
109	Chapora	15.6	73.8	0.923	3.57	4840.37	DIC	391	1.4	1514	文献[48]
110	Terekhol	15.7	73.8	0.698	2.64	4542.57	DIC	433	1.14	1638	文献[48]
111	Karli	16.0	73.7	0.786	2.85	4344.11	DIC	504	1.43	1824	文献[48]
112	Gad	16.3	73.7	0.713	2.46	4493.05	DIC	523	1.29	1806	文献[48]
113	Devgad	16.4	73.7	0.442	1.41	3988.37	DIC	566	0.8	1805	文献[48]
114	Vaghotan	16.6	73.6	0.845	2.61	2736.94	DIC	611	1.6	1889	文献[48]
115	Arjuna	16.7	73.5	0.64	1.9	2735.07	DIC	792	1.51	2354	文献[48]
116	Muchukundi	16.8	73.6	0.694	2.01	2557.07	DIC	699	1.41	2026	文献[48]
117	Kajali	16.9	73.5	0.554	1.6	2860.18	DIC	693	1.11	1999	文献[48]
118	Bav	17.2	73.5	2.159	6.27	2862.87	DIC	577	3.62	1676	文献[48]
119	Vashishti	17.5	73.5	2.197	6.51	2623.54	DIC	602	3.92	1784	文献[48]
120	Savitri	18.1	73.4	2.262	7.37	2719.73	DIC	570	4.2	1858	文献[48]
121	Kundalika	18.4	73.2	0.779	2.02	2540.53	DIC	1081	2.19	2807	文献[48]
122	Amba	18.5	73.2	0.751	1.9	2469.04	DIC	1232	2.34	3121	文献[48]
123	Bhogawati	18.7	73.1	0.441	1.11	2479.64	DIC	1089	1.21	2737	文献[48]
124	Patalaganga	18.8	73.1	0.654	1.58	2174.67	DIC	802	1.27	1942	文献[48]
125	Taloje	19.1	73.1	0.449	1.34	2133.96	DIC	973	1.3	2900	文献[48]
126	Ulhas	19.2	73.0	4.733	13.2	1861.4	DIC	1449	19.14	4043	文献[48]
127	Vaitarna	19.6	73.0	2.784	4.99	1575.52	DIC	1354	6.76	2426	文献[48]
128	Tumb	20.2	72.8	0.448	0.72	1522.62	DIC	1216	0.87	1951	文献[48]
129	Daman Ganga	20.3	72.9	2.318	3.48	1788	DIC	1252	4.36	1881	文献[48]
130	Par	20.5	73.0	0.907	1.27	1421.27	DIC	1632	2.06	2277	文献[48]
131	Auranga	20.6	73.0	0.701	0.88	1394.86	DIC	1800	1.59	2269	文献[48]
132	Ambika	20.9	73.1	2.715	3.03	1270.52	DIC	1807	5.48	2020	文献[48]
133	Purna	21.0	73.0	2.431	2.69	1260.87	DIC	1697	4.56	1875	文献[48]
134	Xiaohai	19.0	110.5	0.501	0.80	2159	DIC	861	0.68	1362	本研究

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A2 全球潟湖河口年均CO₂通量数据汇总

A2 Data compilation for annual CO₂ flux in the world's lagoon estuaries

编号	潟湖名称	纬度/ (°N)	经度/ (°E)	水深/ (m)	蓝碳/水生植物	潟湖面积/ (km²)	海气通量/ (mol m⁻² yr⁻¹)	数据来源
1	Chilka (lagoon) (India)	19.1	−85.5	2	Potamogeton, Halophila, Gracilaria, Ruppia , Eichornia, etc	1000	27.5	文献[52]
2	Tendo Lagoon (West Africa)	5.3	−3.2	2.7	NA	74	7.0	文献[58]
3	Aby Lagoon (West Africa)	5.4	−3.3	4.2	NA	305	−2.7	文献[58]
4	Tagba Lagoon (West Africa)	5.5	−4.3	4.8	NA	524	18.5	文献[58]
5	Potou Lagoon (West Africa)	5.5	−3.8	2.7	NA	22	36.8	文献[58]
6	Ebrié Lagoon (West Africa)	5.4	−5.0	2	NA	190	26.6	文献[58]
7	Hastings (Australia)	−31.4	NA	NA	Seagrass	19	−0.4	文献[57]
8	Camden Haven (Australia)	−30.7	NA	NA	Seagrass	30	−1.8	文献[57]
9	Wallis Lake (Australia)	−32.2	NA	NA	Seagrass	90	−2.0	文献[57]
10	Aveiro lagoon (Portugal)	40.7	−8.7	NA	NA	NA	12.4	文献[59]
11	Furen lagoon (Japan)	43.3	145.3	1	Zostera marina	57.4	−32.8	文献[51, 53–54]
12	Mission−Aransas (America)	27.1	NA	NA	NA	452	12.4	文献[50]
13	Lavaca Colorado Estuary (America)	28.0	NA	1−1.5	NA	NA	25.6	文献[11]
14	Guadalupe Estuary (America)	28.0	NA	1−1.5	NA	NA	35.9	文献[11]
15	Mission−Aransas Estuary (America)	28.0	NA	1−1.5	NA	NA	6.9	文献[11]
16	Nueces Estuary (America)	28.0	NA	1−1.5	NA	NA	2.7	文献[11]
17	Saquarema Lagoon (Brazil)	−23.5	−42.2	1.2	NA	21.2	−35.9	文献[55]
18	Araruama Lagoon (Brazil)	−22.9	−41.2	3	NA	220	−26.9	文献[56]
19	Mar Menor (Spain)	37.8	−0.8	4.5	NA	135	1.2	文献[61]
20	La Mancha (Mexico)	19.6	−96.4	NA	NA	1.32	42.3	文献[60]
21	Arcachon (France)	44.7	1.2	4.6	Seagrass	174	3.6	文献[62]
22	Li'an (China)	18.4	110.0	<2	Thalassia hemprichii, Enhalus acoroides	NA	−0.6	文献[51]
23	Xincun (China)	18.4	110.0	<2	Thalassia hemprichii, Enhalus acoroides	NA	−0.5	文献[51]
24	Xiaohai (China)	19.1	110.5	1−1.5	Halophila beccarii ,Gracilaria tenuistipitata	49	0.9	本研究

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