外源微生物菌群对海水体系浒苔降解过程脂类变化影响研究

方明焕; 丁海兵; 王勇; 于高峰

外源微生物菌群对海水体系浒苔降解过程脂类变化影响研究

方明焕^{1, 2, 3,},
丁海兵^{1, 2, 3, 4, ,},
王勇⁵,
于高峰⁵

1.
中国海洋大学深海圈层与地球系统前沿科学中心，山东青岛 266100
2.
中国海洋大学化学化工学院，山东青岛 266100
3.
中国海洋大学海洋化学理论与工程技术教育部重点实验室，山东青岛 266100
4.
崂山实验室海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室，山东青岛 266237
5.
青岛浩澳环保科技有限公司，山东青岛 266071

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（42076040）。

详细信息

作者简介:
方明焕（1998— ），男，辽宁省营口市人，主要研究海洋浮游藻类中有机物指标相关内容。E-mail：15604173251@163.com

通讯作者:
丁海兵（1970— ），教授，从事海洋生物地球化学方面研究，E-mail：dinghb@ouc.edu.cn

中图分类号: P736.21+2P343.5
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-09-18
- 修回日期: 2025-03-17
- 网络出版日期: 2025-05-20

Study on effect of exogenous microbial consortia on lipid variations during the degradation of Ulva prolifera in seawater system

Fang Minghuan^{1, 2, 3
,},
Ding Haibing^{1, 2, 3, 4
, ,},
Wang Yong⁵,
Yu Gaofeng⁵

1.
Frontier Science Center for Deep Ocean Multipheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Maine Chemistry Theory and Engeering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
3.
Ministry of Education and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
4.
Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Laboratory, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
5.
Qingdao Hao Ao Environmental Protec-tion Company Ltd., Qingdao 266071, China

摘要

摘要: 通过一系列海水培养实验，模拟外源微生物影响下浒苔在近海海域的降解情况。通过追踪培养体系中浒苔脂类生物标志物随培养时间的变化，探究外源微生物影响下浒苔在海水中的降解机制。结果表明，浒苔中不同存在形态的脂肪酸与中性脂在添加外源降解微生物与未添加外源微生物的培养体系其含量均呈现为先快速下降后缓慢下降或保持稳定的趋势。在外源微生物的影响下，浒苔脂肪酸与中性脂的降解率均有不同程度的提升。应用多元G（multi-G）模型对几种典型浒苔脂肪酸和中性脂的降解过程进行拟合，结果显示，这些脂类化合物在培养体系中都可以分为降解较快和较慢的部分，在添加外源微生物菌群的情况下，其降解速率均有不同程度的提升，幅度在20%−30%。在外源环境微生物的影响下，不同种类浒苔脂肪酸的降解率与降解速率没有显著差别。在海水中，结合态脂类化合物的降解速率与降解率均显著高于其游离态，显示浒苔脂类化合物的存在形态对其降解过程有显著影响。外源微生物的加入提高了浒苔脂类化合物降解较慢的部分的降解速率，从而在整体上促进了浒苔的降解。
- 浒苔 /
- 中性脂 /
- 脂肪酸 /
- 降解微生物 /
- 有机物降解.
Abstract: A series of seawater culture experiments were conducted to simulate the degradation of Ulva prolfiera in coastal area under the influence of exogenous degradation microbial consortia The degradation mechanism of Ulva prolifera in seawater under the influence of the exogenous degradation microbial consortia was investigated by tracking the time-dependent changes of lipid biomarkers in culture system. The results showed that for most of the fatty acids (14:0, i-15:0 + a-15:0, 16:0, 16:1ω7, 17:0, 18:0, 18:1ω7, 18:1ω9, 18:3, 18:4, 20:0, 22:0) and neutral lipids of Ulva Prolifera in different forms, their contents presented trends of first rapid decline and followed by a slow decline or maintain stability in the culture system with and without exogenous microbial consortia. Under the influence of exogenous microbial consortia, the degradation efficiency of fatty acid was generally increased by 10%−20%, while that of neutral lipids increased by 15−25%. The multi-G model was applied to fit the degradation processes of several fatty acids and neutral lipids, the results showed that the lipids could be divided into fast and slow degradation fractions in the culture system, and their degradation rates were improved in different degrees, with the range of 20% to 30% with the addition of the exogenous microbial consortia. Under the influence of the exogenous microbial consortia, there was no significant difference in the degradation efficiency and rates of different fatty acids in Ulva prolifera. In seawater, the degradation efficiency and rates of lipids in bound forms were significantly higher than that of their free forms, indicating that the existence forms of lipids of Ulva prolifera had significant effect on their degradation processes. The addition of exogenous degradation microbial consortia increased the degradation rate constants of the slow degradation fractions of the lipids in Ulva Prolifera, thereby promoted its overall degradation .
- Ulva prolifera /
- neutral lipids /
- fatty acids /
- degradation microbial consortia /
- organic matter degradation.

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图 1 浒苔游离态和结合态中性脂与脂肪酸的提取流程图

Fig. 1 Flowchart of the extraction process of the free and bound neutral lipids and fatty acids from the Ulva prolifera

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图 2 培养6天后加菌组浒苔（左）与未加菌组浒苔（右）的沉降情况

Fig. 2 Settlement status of the Ulva prolifera in the bacterial-added group (left) and the non-bacteria-added group (right) after 6 days of cultivation.

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图 3 加菌组与未加菌组浒苔含水量随培养时长变化曲线

Fig. 3 Time-dependent variation curves of the water content of the Ulva prolifera in the bacterial-added group and the non-bacteria-added group

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图 4 脂肪酸（上）与中性脂（下）的气相色谱分析结果

Fig. 4 Gas chromatography analysis results of the fatty acids (top) and the neutral lipids (bottom)

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图 5 培养开始游离态和结合态脂类化合物总含量；(a): 饱和脂肪酸，(b): 不饱和脂肪酸, (c): 细菌脂肪酸, (d): 中性脂

Fig. 5 Total contents of free and bound lipids in the Ulva prolifera at the beginning of the cultivation: (a) saturated fatty acids, (b) unsaturated fatty acids, (c) bacterial fatty acids, (d) neutral lipids

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图 6 浒苔各饱和脂肪酸中游离态部分含量、结合态部分含量与它们的总含量随培养时间变化情况。图中的点为实测结果，曲线为G-model模拟结果。初始值为两组数据实际初始值的平均值，误差棒根据这两组数据计算获得

Fig. 6 Time-dependent variations profiles of the contents of free, bound, and total saturated fatty acids in the Ulva prolifera. In the panels, the points represent the measured results, and the curves represent the G-model simulation results. The initial value is the average of the actual initial values from the two datasets, and the error bars are calculated based on these two datasets

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图 7 浒苔各不饱和脂肪酸中游离态部分含量、结合态部分含量与它们的总含量随培养时间变化情况。图中的点为实测结果，曲线为G-model模拟结果。初始值为两组数据实际初始值的平均值，误差棒根据这两组数据计算获得。

Fig. 7 Time-dependent variations profiles of the contents of free, bound, and total unsaturated fatty acids in the Ulva prolifera. In the panels, the points represent the measured results, and the curves represent the G-model simulation results. The initial value is the average of the actual initial values from the two datasets, and the error bars are calculated based on these two datasets.

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图 8 浒苔细菌脂肪酸中游游离态部分含量、结合态部分含量与它们的总含量随培养时间变化情况。图中的点为实测结果，曲线为G-model模拟结果。初始值为两组数据实际初始值的平均值，误差棒根据这两组数据计算获得。

Fig. 8 Time-dependent variations profiles of the contents of free, bound, and total bacterial fatty acids in the Ulva prolifera. In the panels, the points represent the measured results, and the curves represent the G-model simulation results. The initial value is the average of the actual initial values from the two datasets, and the error bars are calculated based on these two datasets.

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图 9 浒苔各中性脂中游离态部分、结合态部分含量与它们的总含量随培养时间变化情况。图中的点为实测结果，曲线为G-model模拟结果。初始值为两组数据实际初始值的平均值，误差棒根据这两组数据计算获得

Fig. 9 Time-dependent variations profiles of the contents of free, bound, and total neutral lipids in the Ulva prolifera. In the panels, the points represent the measured results, and the curves represent the G-model simulation results. The initial value is the average of the actual initial values from the two datasets, and the error bars are calculated based on these two datasets

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图 10 浒苔脂肪酸与中性脂中游离态部分、结合态部分含量以及它们的总含量随培养时间变化情况。图中的点为实测结果，曲线为G-model模拟结果。初始值为两组数据实际初始值的平均值，误差棒根据这两组数据计算获得

Fig. 10 Time-dependent variations profiles of the contents of the free and bound fractions of the fatty acids and the neutral lipids and their respective total contents in the Ulva prolifera. In the panels, the points represent measured results, and the curves represent the G-model simulation results. The initial value is the average of the actual initial values from the two datasets, and the error bars are calculated based on these two datasets

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表 1 不同浒苔脂肪酸的降解率（降解率为负值表明含量增加）

Tab. 1 Degradation efficiencies of different fatty acids in the Ulva prolifera (negative degradation efficiencies indicate an increase in the content)

脂肪酸种类		未加菌组降解率/%	加菌组降解率/%
14:0	游离态	40.2	89.1
	结合态	86.9	93.5
	总含量	70.5	90.6
16:0	游离态	64.0	91.6
	结合态	84.6	92.9
	总含量	70.0	91.9
16:1ω7	游离态	42.8	92.3
	结合态	99.9	93.9
	总含量	53.8	92.7
18:0	游离态	38.2	91.7
	结合态	85.6	94.2
	总含量	81.7	92.1
18:1ω7	游离态	52.6	78.9
	结合态	87.5	80.8
	总含量	68.3	79.1
18:3	游离态	79.5	87.6
	结合态	82.9	84.9
	总含量	79.7	86.9
20:0	游离态	−25.5	−20.7
	结合态	94.2	91.3
	总含量	71.3	80.1
22:0	游离态	77.2	92.7
	结合态	77.8	92.3
	总含量	77.6	92.6

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表 2 两种浒苔中性脂的降解率

Tab. 2 Degradation efficiencies of the two types of the neutral lipids in the Ulva prolifera

脂肪酸种类		未加菌组降解率/%	加菌组降解率/%
植醇	游离态	32.8	52.1
	结合态	21.1	78.3
	总含量	31.1	58.6
28-异褐藻甾醇	游离态	33.8	55.4
	结合态	69.8	97.2
	总含量	31.6	62.3

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表 3 培养体系不同浒苔脂类化合物的降解速率常数

Tab. 3 Degradation rate constants of the different lipids in the Ulva prolifera under the cultivation system

脂肪酸种类		未加菌组				加菌组
脂肪酸种类		k₁/(d⁻¹)	k₂/(d⁻¹)	k_av/(d⁻¹)	r²	k₁/(d⁻¹)	k₂/(d⁻¹)	k_av/(d⁻¹)	r²
14:0	游离态	-	-	-		-	-	-
	结合态	2.17	0.02	1.89	0.96	4.71	0.03	4.20	0.99
	总含量	1.00	0.01	0.65	0.98	1.64	0.02	1.19	0.98
16:0	游离态	2.12	0.02	1.18	0.95	0.28	0.06	0.19	0.94
	结合态	4.13	0.02	3.34	0.95	4.88	0.00	4.07	0.98
	总含量	2.71	0.02	2.63	0.96	4.16	0.02	2.64	0.98
16:1ω7	游离态	2.96	0.02	1.30	0.97	0.51	0.10	0.28	0.99
	结合态	6.27	0.06	5.47	0.97	5.95	0.41	5.27	0.98
	总含量	4.66	0.05	4.35	0.99	2.27	0.23	1.84	0.97
18:0	游离态	7.90	0.02	3.82	0.96	0.21	0.21	0.21	0.97
	结合态	5.06	0.03	3.97	0.96	5.29	0.08	4.54	0.99
	总含量	6.08	0.05	3.83	0.98	1.95	0.14	1.46	0.98
18:1ω7	游离态	2.84	0.02	1.10	0.95	0.13	0.13	0.13	0.96
	结合态	4.86	0.03	3.99	0.96	4.92	0.00	3.88	0.98
	总含量	3.55	0.03	1.27	0.93	3.46	0.04	2.07	0.98
18:3	游离态	5.00	0.02	3.97	0.99	3.66	0.06	2.74	0.97
	结合态	3.06	0.03	2.15	0.96	2.27	0.00	1.93	0.98
	总含量	3.23	0.01	0.98	0.99	2.32	0.04	2.06	0.99
20:0	游离态	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	结合态	4.49	0.07	3.88	0.97	5.35	0.02	4.76	0.99
	总含量	1.38	0.01	0.94	0.97	1.80	0.04	1.24	0.96
22:0	游离态	2.97	0.00	2.27	0.97	0.79	0.17	0.45	0.99
	结合态	2.38	0.03	1.62	0.98	3.79	0.08	3.06	0.97
	总含量	2.70	0.00	2.03	0.99	2,78	0.11	2.43	0.97
植醇	游离态	1.57	0.01	0.24	0.90	0.58	0.06	0.35	0.92
	结合态	0.67	0.04	0.38	0.94	1.76	0.01	0.89	0.99
	总含量	0.99	0.01	0.32	0.93	1.05	0.02	0.69	0.94
28-异褐藻甾醇	游离态	1.83	0.01	0.48	0.91	1.43	0.01	0.70	0.96
	结合态	0.92	0.05	0.43	0.96	1.79	0.16	1.49	0.99
	总含量	1.16	0.02	0.47	0.92	1.54	0.04	0.91	0.97
*：r²是G-模型模拟计算结果和实际实验结果的相关系数，下同。

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表 4 浒苔总脂肪酸与总中性脂的降解速率常数与降解率

Tab. 4 Degradation rate constants and degradation efficiencies of the total fatty acids and the total neutral lipids in the Ulva prolifera

化合物种类		未加菌组					加菌组
化合物种类		k₁/ (d⁻¹)	k₂/ (d⁻¹)	k_av/ (d⁻¹)	r²	降解率/%	k₁/ (d⁻¹)	k₂/ (d⁻¹)	k_av/ (d⁻¹)	r²	降解率/%
脂肪酸	游离态	1.60	0.01	0.91	0.97	58.1	0.14	0.14	0.14	0.98	90.8
	结合态	2.97	0.02	0.65	0.96	83.9	2.73	0.05	0.44	0.99	89.0
	总含量	2.63	0.01	0.55	0.98	67.2	1.43	0.08	0.90	0.98	90.2
中性脂	游离态	1.79	0	0.47	0.96	41.1	1.79	0.02	0.75	0.95	50.9
	结合态	0.35	0.03	0.10	0.98	43.0	0.45	0.06	0.34	0.99	92.8
	总含量	2.63	0.01	0.55	0.95	41.3	2.28	0.03	0.95	0.96	53.7

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