Factors affecting the thickness of gas hydrate stability zones in the Huaguang Sag, Qiongdongnan Basin
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摘要: 为了探讨琼东南盆地华光凹陷海底天然气水合物稳定带的分布规律，定量研究了静水压力、底水温度、地温梯度和气源组分对水合物稳定带的影响程度。在此基础上，分析了华光凹陷现今甲烷水合物稳定带的厚度分布。最后，综合各因素的历史演化过程，初步探讨了华光凹陷1.05 Ma BP以来天然气水合物稳定带的演化。结果表明：(1)气源组分和海底温度的变化对研究区内水合物稳定带的影响较大；水合物稳定带厚度与海底温度呈良好的线性负相关性。(2)水深超过600 m的海域具备形成天然气水合物的温压条件；超过600 m水深的海域水合物稳定带厚度大部分超过 100 m，其中西北部稳定带的最大厚度超过300 m，是有利的水合物勘探区。(3)华光凹陷1.05 Ma BP以来天然气水合物稳定带厚度经历了快速增厚–窄幅变化–快速减薄和恢复的过程。麻坑群与水合物稳定变化敏感区在空间上具有较好的叠合关系。结合前人的研究成果，推测其形成与天然气水合物的分解释放有关。Abstract: In order to study the distribution of gas hydrate stable zones (GHSZ) in the Huaguang Sag of Qiongdongnan Basin, the important factors affecting GHSZ's thickness are quantitatively studied, including hydrostatic pressure, bottom water temperature, geothermal gradient and gas source composition. Then, it analyzes that the thickness distribution of the present methane GHSZ in Huaguang Sag. Finally, based on the historical evolution process of above various factors, the evolution of gas hydrate stabilization zone since 1.05 Ma BP in this area is preliminarily discussed. The results show that: (1) the gas source composition and seabed temperature have a great influence on the GHSZ in the study area, and the thickness of GHSZ has a good linear negative correlation with seabed temperature; (2) the temperature and pressure conditions for gas hydrate formation are available in the Huaguang Sag of Qiongdongnan Basin, where water depth is more than 600 m, the thickness of the hydrate stability zone is more than 100 m; the thickest GHSZ is located in the northwest of the study area, with a maximum thickness of more than 300 m; it is a favorable hydrate exploration area; (3) the methane GHSZ has gone through stable stage, relatively quick incrassation, gently changing stage, and quickly attenuating and recovery stage since 1.05 Ma BP. There is a good superposition relationship between the pockmark group and the sensitive area of GHSZ. Combined with previous research results, it is concluded that their formation is related to the decomposition and release of natural gas hydrate.
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Key words:
- gas hydrate /
- thickness of gas hydrate stable zones /
- distribution /
- evolution /
- Huaguang Sag /
- Qiongdongnan Basin
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图 1 琼东南盆地（a）和研究区（b）的位置图及琼东南盆地地层综合柱状图（c）（据文献[17－18]修改）
Fig. 1 The locations and structural units of the Qiongdongnan Basin and the studying area (a) (modified from Shan et al[17]), bathymetric map of the studying area (b) (data from National Geophysical Data Center website) and generalized stratigraphic column for the Qiongdongnan Basin (c) (modified from Yang et al[18])
图 2 海平面变化对天然气水合物稳定带厚度的影响
a. 海平面下降120 m时，C14站位的甲烷水合物稳定带厚度变化；b. 海水深度与水合物稳定带厚度的关系；c. 1.05 Ma BP以来，C14站位处水合 物稳定带厚度变化特征（只考虑海平面变化的影响）
Fig. 2 Effect of sea-level change on the thickness of gas hydrate stable zones
a. The thickness of methane hydrate stable zone at C14 station decreases by about 30 m when sea level drops by 120 m; b. the relationship between the water depth and the thickness of hydrate stable zone; c. thickness variation characteristics of methane hydrate stable zone at C14 station since 1.05 Ma BP (only considering the influence of sea level change)
图 3 海底温度对天然气水合物稳定带厚度的影响
a. 不同海底温度下天然气水合物稳定带厚度的变化；b. 海底温度与水合物稳定带厚度的关系；c. ODP1148站位底栖有孔虫δ18O曲线（据 Jian等[28]）和6 Ma BP以来海底温度变化趋势（注意中更新世气候转型，只考虑海底温度甲烷水合物稳定带厚度增大38.4 m）
Fig. 3 Effect of seafloor temperature on the thickness of gas hydrate stable zones
a. Thickness variation of gas hydrate stable zone under different seafloor temperatures; b. functional relationship between seafloor temperature and thickness of gas hydrate stable zone; c. trends of benthic foraminifera δ18O curve (after Jian et al[28]) and seafloor temperature change at ODP 1148 station since 6 Ma BP (at the Middle Pleistocene Revolution, the thickness of the methane hydrate stabilization zone increases by 38.4 m if only the seafloor temperature is taken into account)
图 4 地温梯度对天然气水合物稳定带厚度的影响
a. 不同地温梯度下甲烷水合物稳定带厚度变化；b. 地温梯度与甲烷水合物厚度的关系
Fig. 4 Effect of geothermal gradient on the thickness of gas hydrate stable zones
a. Thickness variation of methane hydrate stable zone under different geothermal gradients; b. relationship between geothermal gradient and methane hydrate stable zone thickness
图 5 气源组分变化对天然气水合物稳定带厚度的影响
a. 不同气体成分水合物的相平衡曲线；b. 过麻坑区剖面不同气体组分形成的水合物的稳定带底界深度（剖面位置见图1）
Fig. 5 Effect of gas composition on the thickness of gas hydrate stable zones
a. Phase equilibrium curves of gas hydrates with different gas components; b. the depth of stable zone base for hydrates with different gas components arcoss pockmark area (see Fig. 1 for profile location)
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