海州湾中型潮汐海湾岸滩横向输沙闭合水深研究

朱文谨; 唐虾; 董啸天; 莫春艳; 张洋

doi:10.12284/hyxb20260024

海州湾中型潮汐海湾岸滩横向输沙闭合水深研究

doi: 10.12284/hyxb20260024

江苏海洋大学土木与港海工程学院，江苏连云港 222005

基金项目: 江苏省自然科学基金项目（BK20230692）；连云港市科技计划面上项目（JCYJ2433）。

详细信息

作者简介:
朱文谨（1981—），男，江苏省扬州市人，教授，主要从事港口海岸及近海工程。E-mail：zhucius@jou.edu.cn

中图分类号: P753
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2026-03-08
- 修回日期: 2026-04-10
- 网络出版日期: 2026-05-11
- 刊出日期: 2026-04-30

Study on closure depth of cross-shore sediment transport in Haizhou Bay, a mesotidal embayment

School of Civil and Ocean Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China

摘要

摘要: 闭合水深作为泥沙收支平衡和形态动力学研究中的重要参数，在海岸侵蚀相关工程问题中具有重要的研究价值。传统计算方法多基于波浪主导型海岸，忽略了潮流作用的影响，难以准确反映中型潮汐海湾的实际情况。以连云港海域所处的海州湾为研究对象，结合实地勘测、数值模拟与理论分析，系统探讨了潮流对闭合水深的影响机制。数值模拟结果表明，海州湾潮流作用由北向南逐渐减弱的趋势，潮流显著增强了近岸区域的泥沙扰动能力，闭合水深范围为8～10.1 m，较纯波浪作用下的结果水深增加0.4～1.3 m。历史海图水深对比显示海州湾实际闭合水深范围为8.9～9.8 m，本文计算结果与实测值高度吻合，进一步说明了方法的可靠性。新方法强调了中型潮汐海湾中潮流对于底部切应力的增加，考虑了潮流对闭合水深的影响，为相关海岸工程问题提供了科学依据和技术支持。
- 海州湾 /
- 闭合水深 /
- 起动水深 /
- 数值模拟 /
- 潮流影响
Abstract: The depth of closure is a key parameter in studies of sediment budget balance and coastal morphodynamics, and plays an important role in coastal erosion-related engineering applications. Traditional methods for estimating the depth of closure are mostly developed for wave-dominated coasts and generally neglect the influence of tidal currents, which limits their applicability to mesotidal embayments. Taking Haizhou Bay in the Lianyungang coastal area as a case study, this study systematically investigates the influence of tidal currents on the depth of closure by integrating field observations, numerical simulations, and theoretical analysis. The numerical results indicate that tidal currents in Haizhou Bay exhibit a decreasing trend from north to south, and that tidal forcing significantly enhances nearshore sediment mobilization. Under combined wave-current conditions, the depth of closure is estimated to range from 8.0 to 10.1 m, representing an increase of 0.4−1.3 m compared with the wave-only condition. Comparisons with historical bathymetric charts suggest that the observed depth of closure in Haizhou Bay generally falls within the range of 8.9−9.8 m, which is in good agreement with the results obtained in this study, further demonstrating the reliability of the proposed approach. The new method highlights the role of tidal currents in increasing bed shear stress in mesotidal embayments and explicitly accounts for their influence on the depth of closure, providing a sound scientific basis and technical support for coastal engineering applications in similar environments.
- Haizhou Bay /
- depth of closure /
- incipient motion depth /
- numerical simulation /
- current influence

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图 1 研究区位置

Fig. 1 Location of the study area

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图 2 剖面变化下的闭合水深选取

Fig. 2 Selection of depth of closure under section change

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图 3 研究区域水深

Fig. 3 The water depth of study area

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图 4 连云港海域10 a一遇有效波高分布

Fig. 4 The distribution of 10-year significant wave height in Lianyungang sea area

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图 5 连云港海域5 a一遇有效波高分布

Fig. 5 The distribution of 5-year significant wave height in Lianyungang sea area

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图 6 水文测站潮位验证

Fig. 6 The tide verification of hydrological station

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图 7 S1、S2、S6测点流速、流向验证

Fig. 7 Verification of flow velocity and direction at stations S1, S2 and S6

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图 8 大潮涨急流场示意图

Fig. 8 The diagram of spring tide flood current field

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图 9 大潮落急流场示意图

Fig. 9 The diagram of spring tide ebb current field

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图 10 小潮涨急流场示意图

Fig. 10 The diagram of neap tide flood current field

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图 11 小潮落急流场示意图

Fig. 11 The diagram of neap tide ebb current field

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图 12 S1、S2和S6测点悬沙浓度验证

Fig. 12 verification of sediment concentration at stations S1, S2 and S6

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图 13 大潮期间S1和S2测点的悬沙浓度对比

Fig. 13 Comparison of sediment concentration at stations S1 and S2 measuring points during spring tide

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图 14 小潮期间S1和S2测点的泥沙浓度对比

Fig. 14 Comparison of sediment concentration at stations S1 and S2 measuring points during neap tide

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图 15 不同作用条件下底部剪切应力分布

Fig. 15 Distribution of bed shear stress under different forcing conditions

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图 16 不同作用条件下闭合水深和起动水深所对应的剪切应力分布

图中黄色部分表示起动水深与闭合水深剪切应力范围

Fig. 16 Bed shear stress distribution corresponding to depth of closure and under different forcing conditions

The yellow region represents the bed shear stress distribution of incipient motion depth and depth of closure

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图 17 波作用和波流作用下底部切应力变化对比

Fig. 17 Comparison of bed shear stress under wave and wave-current action

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图 18 波作用和波流作用下底部切应力变化幅度

Fig. 18 Variation of bed shear stress under wave and wave-current action

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图 19 海州湾海域海床沉积物测点分布

Fig. 19 Distribution of seabed sediment sampling stations in Haizhou Bay

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图 20 海州湾海床沉积物粒径分布

Fig. 20 Grain-size distribution of seabed sediments in Haizhou Bay

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图 21 海州湾多年地形剖面对比

Fig. 21 Comparison of multi-year topographic profiles in Haizhou Bay

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图 22 观测和模拟闭合水深对比

Fig. 22 Comparison of observed and simulated depth of closure

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图 23 不同作用条件下闭合水深和起动水深分布

Fig. 23 The depth of closure and incipient motion depth under different forcing conditions

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图 24 断面地形对应波浪和波流作用下的闭合水深

Fig. 24 The depth of closure corresponding to the topography of the section under the action of wave and wave-current

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表 1 连云港潮位特征值

Tab. 1 Tide characteristic value of Lianyungang

项目	连云港（85高程基面）
平均海面	6 cm
最高高潮	358 cm
最低低潮	−335 cm
最大潮差	611 cm
平均高潮位	192 cm
平均低潮位	−173 cm
平均潮差	364 cm
平均落潮历时	6h52min
平均涨潮历时	5h33min

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表 2 数据来源

Tab. 2 Data sources

数据类型	数据名称	时间	数据来源
气象数据	波浪数据	1962−2003年	连云港海洋站
	风场数据	2019年4−10月	欧洲中尺度天气预报中心
地形与沉积物采样数据	历史水深地形数据、沉积物采样数据	2000年、2015年、2016年5月	连云港海州湾地区的历史海图资料、采样点资料
水文泥沙数据	波高参考值	10 a一遇、5 a一遇	《港口与航道水文规范》连云港海洋站
	潮位/流速数据、悬沙浓度数据	2023年4月	水文测站（开山岛、车牛山、西连岛、徐圩）、临时水文测站（S1～S6）

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表 3 连云港海洋站10 a一遇有效波高参考值和计算值对比

Tab. 3 Comparison of reference value and calculated value of effective wave height of 10-year return period in Lianyungang ocean station

项目	N向	NE向	E向
参考值/m	2.97	3.13	2.25
计算值/m	2.83	3.10	2.27
相对误差/%	−4.8	−1.0	0.8

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表 4 连云港海洋站5 a一遇有效波高参考值和计算值对比

Tab. 4 Comparison of reference value and calculated value of effective wave height of 5-year return period in Lianyungang ocean station

项目	N向	NE向	E向
参考值/m	2.65	2.81	2.00
计算值/m	2.62	2.76	1.98
相对误差/%	−1.1	−1.8	1

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