极区环境下载人潜水器作业关键技术研究

刘以旭; 许学伟; 赵晟娅; 傅文韬; 黄晓霞; 齐海滨; 李德威; 程斐; 孙永福

doi:10.12284/hyxb20260020

极区环境下载人潜水器作业关键技术研究

doi: 10.12284/hyxb20260020

刘以旭^1,,
许学伟¹,
赵晟娅^{1, 2},
傅文韬¹,
黄晓霞³,
齐海滨^{1, 4},
李德威¹,
程斐⁵,
孙永福^1, ,

1.
国家深海基地管理中心，山东青岛 266237
2.
哈尔滨工程大学，黑龙江哈尔滨 150006
3.
中国科学院深海科学与工程研究所，海南三亚 572000
4.
中国海洋大学，山东青岛 266100
5.
中国船舶科学研究中心，江苏无锡 214082

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（42504007）；国家重点研发计划项目（2023YFC2812900, 2024YFC2813203）。

详细信息

作者简介:
刘以旭（1991—），男，山东省潍坊市人，从事水下导航定位相关研究工作。E-mail：lyx@ndsc.org.cn

通讯作者:
孙永福，研究员，研究方向为海洋地质学。E-mail：sunyongfu@ndsc.org.cn

中图分类号: P754.3
计量
- 文章访问数: 21
- HTML全文浏览量: 14
- PDF下载量: 3
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2026-02-10
- 修回日期: 2026-04-09
- 刊出日期: 2026-02-28

Research on key technologies for manned submersible operations in polar environments

Liu Yixu^1
,,
Xu Xuewei¹,
Zhao Shengya^{1, 2},
Fu Wentao¹,
Huang Xiaoxia³,
Qi Haibin^{1, 4},
Li Dewei¹,
Cheng Fei⁵,
Sun Yongfu^{1
, ,}

1.
National Deep Sea Center, Qingdao 266237, China
2.
Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150006, China
3.
Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China
4.
Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
5.
China Ship Scientific Research Center, Wuxi 214082, China

摘要

摘要: 中国“蛟龙”号载人潜水器于2025年成功完成首次北极冰区载人深潜，标志着我国深海探测迈出了从“全海深”到“全海域”的关键第一步。本次科考面临极区低温、动态海冰、地磁异常及复杂水声环境等多重挑战，我们对“蛟龙”号进行了系统性极区适应性改造，并在潜水器布放回收作业模式、冰下安全上浮引导与导航定位探测方面取得关键技术突破。本文系统梳理了极区环境下载人深潜作业面临的核心难题，重点阐述了潜水器针对性改造方案以及世界首次极区双潜器协同作业中的关键技术，旨在为我国未来常态化开展极区深海探测、生境研究与资源勘查提供技术参考与工程范式。
- 极区深潜 /
- 载人潜水器 /
- “蛟龙”号 /
- 导航定位 /
- 双潜器协同
Abstract: In 2025, China’s manned submersible, the Jiaolong, successfully completed its first manned deep-sea dive in the ice-covered waters of the Arctic, marking a pivotal first step in advancing China’s deep-sea exploration from ‘full ocean depth’ to ‘all ocean regions’. The expedition faced numerous challenges, including extremely low temperatures, shifting sea ice, geomagnetic anomalies and intricate underwater acoustic conditions. We made systematic adaptations to the Jiaolong submersible, achieving key technological breakthroughs in deployment and recovery, under-ice ascent guidance, and ice-zone navigation and positioning. This paper outlines the core challenges of manned deep-sea operations in polar environments. It focuses on the submersible’s tailored modification plan and the key technologies implemented during the world’s first coordinated dual-submersible mission in polar waters. This paper aim to provide technical references and engineering paradigms for China’s future routine polar deep-sea exploration, habitat studies and resource surveys.
- polar deep-sea diving /
- manned submersible /
- Jiaolong /
- navigation and positioning /
- dual-submersible collaboration

HTML全文

图 1 动态海冰环境布放“蛟龙”号

Fig. 1 Deploying the Jiaolong in a dynamic sea ice environment

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图 2 “蛟龙”号载人潜水器在“雪龙2”号破冰保障下于冰间湖回收的作业场景

Fig. 2 The Jiaolong manned submersible retrievingequipment from an ice lake, supported by icebreaking operations of the Xuelong-2

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图 3 “蛟龙”号载人潜水器

Fig. 3 The Jiaolong manned submersible

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图 4 “蛟龙”号基于多级可视化安全引导上浮（a）和水下“蛟龙”号摄像机画面（b）

Fig. 4 Jiaolong ascends safely guided by multi-level visual safety protocols (a) and underwater footage captured by Jiaolong’s camera (b)

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图 5 “蛟龙”号在近水面悬停机动航行至船艉

Fig. 5 The Jiaolong is manoeuvring towards the stern while hovering near the surface

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图 6 “蛟龙”号加装对冰多波束系统探测海面浮冰

Fig. 6 A multi-beam ice detection system has been installed on the Jiaolong submersible, enabling it to explore sea ice floes

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图 7 “深海一号”船布放ROV（a）和“蛟龙”号与ROV水下联合作业（b）

Fig. 7 Deployment of an ROV from the support vessel Shenhai-1 (a) and joint underwater operations between the Jiaolong submersible and ROV (b)

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图 8 极区首次双载人潜水器联合作业场景

Fig. 8 Scenario of the first joint operation of two manned submersibles in the polar regions

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图 9 单船双潜器同步定位

红色点为ROV定位坐标，蓝色点为“蛟龙”号定位坐标

Fig. 9 Single-vessel, dual-submersible synchronous positioning

Red dots indicate ROV coordinates and blue dots indicate Jiaolong coordinates

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图 10 双船双潜器同步定位轨迹显示

点1为“奋斗者”号下潜点，点2为“蛟龙”号下潜点

Fig. 10 Synchronous positioning trajectories of dual-vessel dual-submersible operation.

Point 1: diving location of Fendouzhe; point 2: diving location of Jiaolong

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