三个大黄鱼网箱养殖区水质和浮游生物体内挥发性有机化合物组成及季节差异

郑家浪; 陈天红; 陈泳龙; 万发国; 朱庆玲; 江丽华; 陈舜; 谢尚微; 宋伟华; 严小军

doi:10.12284/hyxb2025074

三个大黄鱼网箱养殖区水质和浮游生物体内挥发性有机化合物组成及季节差异

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2025074

1.
浙江海洋大学国家海洋设施养殖工程技术研究中心，浙江舟山，316022
2.
南麂列岛国家海洋自然保护区管理局，浙江温州，325408
3.
温州市洞头区海洋开发研究院，浙江温州 325799

基金项目: 南麂列岛国家级海洋自然保护研究项目（NJKJ2023002）；洞头区科技计划项目（N2022K04）；国家重点研发（2023YFD2401900）。

详细信息

作者简介:
郑家浪（1986—），男，湖北孝感人，副研究员，主要从事鱼类品质及环境效应研究。E-mail：zhengjialang@zjou.edu.cn

通讯作者:
严小军，教授，从事海洋生物增殖和养护。E-mail：yanxj@zjou.edu.cn

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-12-31
- 修回日期: 2025-03-17
- 网络出版日期: 2025-04-28

Composition and seasonal variations of water quality and phytoplankton volatile organic compounds in different aquaculture zones of large yellow croaker net cages

1.
National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
2.
Institute of Nanji Islands National Marine Nature Reserve, Wenzhou 325408, China
3.
Institute of Dongtou Ocean Development Research, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325799, China

摘要

摘要: 浮游生物体内挥发性有机物（VOCs）是指浮游生物从水环境吸收或者体内代谢的高蒸汽压的低分子量化合物。本研究旨在揭示不同大黄鱼养殖区网箱水质参数与浮游生物挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）组成特征及其季节变化规律。研究选择了洞头、南麂和宁德三个采样点，并于夏季和秋季采集网箱浮游生物样本，采用全自动顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱质谱联用技术（HS-SPME-GC-MS）检测VOCs的组成，并分析其与水质参数之间的相关性。结果表明，大黄鱼网箱浮游生物VOCs主要由芳烃、烃类、酯类和酮类组成。总VOCs含量及种类在冬季显著高于夏季，且在洞头和南麂地区高于宁德地区。冬季的萘、夏季的2,4-二叔丁基苯酚以及夏冬季的Z-2-十二烯醇在宁德地区的水平显著高于洞头和南麂，表明宁德地区受到较强的人类活动影响，存在潜在的生态风险。夏季，二氢-2-甲基-3（2H）-呋喃酮、2-己醛和芳樟醇的水平在洞头和南麂网箱浮游生物中高于宁德，而冬季则在所有三个养殖区网箱中均未检测到。这些香味物质可能通过食物链在大黄鱼肌肉中积累，从而增强大黄鱼的风味品质。水体中的总氮、活性磷酸盐、总磷、氨氮、亚硝酸氮、硝酸氮、pH和溶解氧等水质参数在不同季节和区域之间表现出显著差异，且与VOCs的生成和分布密切相关。研究结果为深入理解海洋网箱水质健康状况提供了新的视角，并为开发VOCs作为环境监测标志物以及优化大黄鱼养殖品质提供了重要依据。
- 浮游生物 /
- 挥发性有机化合物 /
- 水质 /
- 风味 /
- 污染物
Abstract: Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in phytoplankton refer to low-molecular-weight compounds with high vapor pressure that are either absorbed from the aquatic environment or metabolized within the organisms. This study aimed to reveal the composition characteristics and seasonal variation patterns of water quality parameters and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in phytoplankton from different large yellow croaker aquaculture net cages. Three sampling sites were selected, namely Dongtou (DT), Nanji (NJ), and Ningde (ND), and phytoplankton samples were collected from the net cages during the summer and autumn. The composition of VOCs was analyzed using automated headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS), and its correlation with water quality parameters was examined. The results showed that the VOCs in the net cage phytoplankton of large yellow croaker were mainly composed of aromatics, hydrocarbons, esters, and ketones. The total VOC content and types were significantly higher in winter than in summer, with higher levels in DT and NJ compared to ND. In winter, the levels of naphthalene, and in summer, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol and Z-2-dodecenol were significantly higher in ND than in DT and NJ, indicating the stronger influence of human activities and potential ecological risks in ND. In summer, the levels of dihydro-2-methyl-3(2H)-furanone, 2-hexanal, and linalool were higher in the phytoplankton of the DT and NJ net cages than in ND, while no detectable levels were found in the net cages of all three aquaculture zones in winter. These aromatic VOCs may accumulate in the muscle tissue of large yellow croaker through the food chain, enhancing its flavor quality. Water quality parameters such as total nitrogen, active phosphate, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, pH, and dissolved oxygen exhibited significant differences across seasons and regions, and were closely related to the production and distribution of VOCs. The findings provide new insights into the understanding of marine net cage water quality health and offer important references for the development of VOCs as environmental monitoring biomarkers and optimizing the quality of large yellow croaker aquaculture.
- Phytoplankton /
- volatile organic compounds /
- water quality /
- flavor /
- pollutants

HTML全文

图 1 采样点分布图

Fig. 1 Map of sampling sites

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图 2 不同养殖区大黄鱼网箱中浮游生物VOCs数量和含量的夏冬分布

注: a. VOCs种类韦恩图；b. 单一VOCs相对含量散点分布图；c. 总VOCs相对含量，不同字母表示显著差异（p < 0.05）

Fig. 2 Summer and winter distribution of VOCs quantity and content in plankton from large yellow croaker cages in different aquaculture areas

a. Venn diagram of VOCs types; b. Scatter plot of relative content of VOCs; c. Relative total VOCs content, with different letters indicating significant differences (p < 0.05)

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图 3 不同养殖区大黄鱼网箱中浮游生物VOCs组分含量的夏冬分布

注: a. VOCs组分的层次聚类结果及其相对丰度分布；b. VOCs组分的分布热图

Fig. 3 Summer and winter distribution of VOCs class content in plankton from large yellow croaker cages in different aquaculture areas

a. Hierarchical clustering results of VOCs components and their relative abundance distribution; b. Heatmap of VOCs components distribution

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图 4 不同养殖区大黄鱼网箱中浮游生物VOCs含量前8种物质的夏冬分布

注: 不同字母表示显著差异（p < 0.05）

Fig. 4 Summer and winter of the top 8 VOCs by content in plankton from large yellow croaker cages in different aquaculture areas

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图 5 不同养殖区和季节的大黄鱼网箱中浮游生物VOCs和环境因子的CCA分析

Fig. 5 CCA analysis of VOCs and environmental factors in plankton from large yellow croaker cages across different aquaculture areas and seasons

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表 1 不同养殖区大黄鱼网箱水体的环境因子

Tab. 1 Environmental factors of water in large yellow croaker net cages across different aquaculture areas

	冬季			夏季
	洞头	南麂	宁德	洞头	南麂	宁德
T/℃	10.53±2.05 ^a	10.9±1.98^a	12.72±2.49^a	28.97±0.52^b	29.83±0.78^b	29.4±0.85^b
pH	8.09±0.04^b	8.34±0.08^b	7.83±0.07^a	8.09±0.08^b	8.13±0.04^b	7.98±0.07^ab
DO/(mg/L)	5.67±0.21^b	5.93±0.21^b	4.37±0.17^a	5.73±0.17^b	6.17±0.17^b	4.63±0.22^a
TP/(μg/L)	50.76±1.01^b	40.64±0.41^ab	105.65±1.27^d	77.98±7.8^c	26.04±5.56^a	105.14±14.53^d
PO₄-P/(μg/L)	42.41±0.29^bc	37.23±0.37^b	94.33±0.39^e	53.73±6.47^cd	21.02±3.31^a	56.22±4.61^d
TN/(μg/L)	537.28±8.14^a	518.75±18.21^a	567.8±16.59^a	989.33±34.38^b	456.72±83.91^a	1034.64±158.72^b
NH₄-N/(μg/L)	44.96±5.99^b	29.77±2.58^a	107.61±6.01^c	25.73±2.11^a	18.38±1.25^a	27.05±2.69^a
NO₃-N/(μg/L)	190.25±25.72^d	147.17±25.04^cd	71.39±8.62^ab	102.74±11.52^bc	36.71±5.32^a	93.05±8.36^bc
NO₂-N/(μg/L)	0.52±0.09^a	0.33±0.04^a	29.21±0.32^c	29.07±3.01^c	8.46±0.63^b	51.87±4.82^d
N/P	10.59±0.35^b	12.77±0.35^b	5.37±0.12^a	12.86±1.74^b	17.65±0.88^c	10.09±2.21^b
注：字母不同表示各组之间差异显著 (p<0.05)。

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