南麂列岛海域浮游动物群落时空变化特征及其关键驱动因子研究

邱文致; 秦松; 唐未; 叶深; 范青松; 唐久; 艾龙威; 吴强; 林克泽; 郑春芳; 刘伟成

doi:10.12284/hyxb2025040

南麂列岛海域浮游动物群落时空变化特征及其关键驱动因子研究

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2025040

邱文致^{1, 2, 3,},
秦松^{2, 3},
唐未^{2, 3},
叶深^{2, 3},
范青松^{2, 3},
唐久^{2, 3},
艾龙威^{1, 2, 3},
吴强^{1, 2, 3},
林克泽^{1, 2, 3},
郑春芳^1, ,,
刘伟成^{2, 3}

1.
温州大学生命与环境科学学院，浙江温州 325035
2.
浙江省海洋水产养殖研究所全省近岸生物种质资源保护与利用重点实验室，浙江温州 325000
3.
浙江省海洋水产养殖研究所温州市海洋生物遗传育种重点实验室，浙江温州 325000

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目（2020YFD0900805）；温州河口渔业资源养护试点专项调查研究项目（05202251）。

详细信息

作者简介:
邱文致（1998—），男，江西省南昌市人，主要从事渔业资源研究。E-mail：2300598497@qq.com

通讯作者:
刘伟成，正高级工程师，主要从事海洋渔业资源和生态保护研究。E-mail：lwch80@126.com

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-07-11
- 修回日期: 2025-01-14
- 网络出版日期: 2025-04-24

Study on the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of zooplankton community and its key driving factors in Nanji Islands sea area

Qiu Wenzhi^{1, 2, 3
,},
Qin Song^{2, 3},
Tang Wei^{2, 3},
Ye Shen^{2, 3},
Fan Qingsong^{2, 3},
Tang Jiu^{2, 3},
Ai Longwei^{1, 2, 3},
Wu Qiang^{1, 2, 3},
Lin Keze^{1, 2, 3},
Zheng Chunfang^{1
, ,},
Liu Weicheng^{2, 3}

1.
College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
2.
Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Coastal Biological Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization, Wenzhou 325000, China
3.
Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou key Laboratory of Marine Biological Genetics and Breeding, Wenzhou 325000, China

摘要

摘要: 为掌握南麂列岛海域浮游动物群落的时空变化特征，分别于2022年11月、2023年5月、2023年9月对南麂列岛海域的水生生物及环境要素进行了3个航次的调查。室内实验结果显示共鉴定出浮游动物93种，其中包括20种浮游幼体，2023.09航次物种数最丰富（63种），2022.11航次物种数最低（45种）；其中优势种（Y ≥ 0.02）包括百陶箭虫（Sagitta bedoti）、肥胖软箭虫（Flaccisagitta enflata）、中华哲水蚤（Calanus sinicus）和太平洋纺锤水蚤（Acarta pacifica）等19种。浮游动物的平均丰度为512.84 ind./m³，平均生物量为614.82 mg/m³，存在明显的航次差异，2023.09航次丰度和生物量最高，2022.11航次丰度和生物量最低。浮游动物香农−威尔（Shannon-Wiener）多样性指数（H'）、物种均匀度指数（J'）和丰富度指数（D）平均值分别为1.64、0.55和2.57。Spearman相关性分析、非度量多维度排序分析和典范对应分析结果表明，盐度、温度、总氮质量浓度、硝酸盐质量浓度和浮游植物丰度是影响南麂列岛海域浮游动物优势种生物量的重要环境因子。
- 南麂列岛 /
- 浮游动物 /
- 群落结构 /
- 环境因子 /
- 相关性分析
Abstract: To understand the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of zooplankton communities in the Nanji Islands sea area, three voyage surveys of aquatic organisms and hydrological factors were conducted in November 2022, May 2023, and September 2023, respectively. Laboratory experimental results showed that a total of 93 species of zooplankton were identified, including 20 species of plankton larvae. The 2023.09 voyage recorded the highest species richness (63 species), while the 2022.11 voyage had the lowest (45 species). Among these, 19 dominant species (Y ≥ 0.02) included Sagitta bedoti, Flaccisagitta enflata, Calanus sinicus, Acartia pacifica, and others. The average abundance of zooplankton was 512.84 ind./m³, and the average biomass was 614.82 mg/m³, with significant differences among the voyages. The 2023.09 voyage had the highest abundance and biomass, while the 2022.11 voyage had the lowest. The average values of the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H'), species evenness index (J'), and richness index (D) for zooplankton were 1.64, 0.55, and 2.57, respectively. Results from Spearman correlation analysis, non-metric Multidimensional Scaling Analysis and Canonical Correspondence Analysis indicated that salinity, temperature, total nitrogen content, nitrate concentration, and phytoplankton abundance were important environmental factors influencing the biomass of dominant zooplankton species in the Nanji Islands sea area.
- Nanji Islands /
- zooplankton /
- community structure /
- environmental factors /
- correlation analysis

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图 1 南麂列岛海域站位点布设

Fig. 1 Layout of stations in the sea area of the Nanji Islands sea area

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图 2 南麂列岛海域浮游动物种类

Fig. 2 Zooplankton species in the Nanji Islands sea area

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图 3 南麂列岛海域浮游动物种类数分布

Fig. 3 Distribution of zooplankton species in the Nanji Islands sea area

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图 4 南麂列岛海域浮游动物生物量与丰度分布

Fig. 4 Distribution of biomass and abundance of zooplankton in the Nanji Islands sea area

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图 5 南麂列岛海域浮游动物生物多样性参数分布

Fig. 5 Distribution of biodiversity parameters of zooplankton in the Nanji Islands sea area

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图 6 南麂列岛海域不同方位NMDS排序结果

Fig. 6 NMDS ordination results for different azimuth in the Nanji Islands sea area

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图 7 南麂列岛海域不同航次NMDS排序结果

Fig. 7 NMDS ordination results for different cruises in the Nanji Islands sea area

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图 8 南麂列岛海域浮游动物优势种与环境因子的典范对应分析

SP1:百陶箭虫；SP2：肥胖软箭虫；SP3：肥胖三角溞；SP4：近缘大眼水蚤；SP5：精致真刺水蚤；SP6：诺氏三角溞；SP7：桡足类无节幼体；SP8：嵊山秀氏水母；SP9：瘦长毛猛水蚤；SP10：太平洋纺锤水蚤；SP11：微刺哲水蚤；SP12：五角水母；SP13：小拟哲水蚤；SP14：小型磷虾；SP15：亚强真哲水蚤；SP16：长尾类溞状幼体；SP17：长尾类幼体；SP18：中华哲水蚤；SP19：锥形宽水蚤

Fig. 8 CCA of dominant zooplankton SPecies and environmental factors in the Nanji Islands sea area

SP1: Sagitta bedoti；SP2：Flaccisagitta enflata；SP3：Evadne tergestina；SP4：Corycaeus affinis；SP5：Euchaeta concinna；SP6：Evadne nordmanni；SP7：Nauplius larva；SP8：Sugiura chengshanense；SP9：Macrosetella gracilis；SP10：Acartia pacifica；SP11：Canthocalanus pauper；SP12：Muggiaea atlantica；SP13：Paracalanus parvus；SP14：Euphausia nana；SP15：Eucalanus subcrassus；SP16：Macrura zoea larva；SP17：Macrura larvae；SP18：Calanus sinicus；SP19：Temora turbinate

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表 1 南麂列岛海域环境因子

Tab. 1 Environmental factors in the Nanji Islands sea area

环境因子	2022.11航次	2023.05航次	2023.09航次
水温/（℃）	19.85～20.53	16.3～16.65	28.75～29
盐度	31.15～32.1	30.05～30.3	28.95～29.75
酸碱度（pH）	8.12～8.21	8.37～8.51	8.38～8.4
溶解氧质量浓度/（mg·L⁻¹）	7.27～7.59	9.96～10.39	7.39～7.67
叶绿素a质量浓度/（μg·L⁻¹）	0.33～0.9	1.39～5.26	0.63～2.6
浮游植物丰度/（10³ind.·m⁻³）	27～245	21～260	103～49357
化学需氧量/（mg·L⁻¹）	0.44～0.89	0.47～0.71	0.76～0.95
氨氮质量浓度/（mg·L⁻¹）	0.011～0.034	0.011～0.047	0.005～0.083
铜质量浓度/（μg·L⁻¹）	1.11～2.65	0.32～2.22	0.15～1.09
硝酸盐质量浓度/（mg·L⁻¹）	0.083～0.223	0.078～0.17	0.082～0.851
亚硝酸盐质量浓度/（mg·L⁻¹）	0.002～0.008	0.01～0.018	0.007～0.037
无机氮质量浓度/（mg·L⁻¹）	0.1～0.25	0.1～0.17	0.09～0.86
活性磷酸盐质量浓度/（mg·L⁻¹）	0.02～0.03	0.006～0.012	0.003～0.007
石油烃质量浓度/（mg·L⁻¹）	0.007～0.027	0.013～0.07	0.005～0.031
总氮质量浓度/（mg·L⁻¹）	0.12～0.28	0.16～0.19	0.12～0.19
总磷质量浓度/（mg·L⁻¹）	0.06～0.11	0.03～0.06	0.02～0.04
颗粒有机物质量浓度/（mg·L⁻¹）	0.05～0.13	0.06～0.39	0.05～0.1

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表 2 南麂列岛海域浮游动物主要优势种及优势度

Tab. 2 The main dominant species and dominance of zooplankton in the Nanji Islands sea area

航次	类别	种名	拉丁学名	优势度
2022.11	毛颚类	百陶箭虫	Sagitta bedoti	0.041
	毛颚类	肥胖软箭虫	Flaccisagitta enflata	0.0879
	桡足类	精致真刺水蚤	Euchaeta concinna	0.4188
		太平洋纺锤水蚤	Acartia pacifica	0.0326
		微剌哲水蚤	Canthocalanus pauper	0.0271
		中华哲水蚤	Calanus sinicus	0.031
	磷虾类	小型磷虾	Euphausia nana	0.0726
	浮游幼体	桡足类无节幼体	Nauplius larva	0.0218
	浮游幼体	长尾类幼体	Macrura larvae	0.0277
2023.05	桡足类	中华哲水蚤	Calanus sinicus	0.7267
		近缘大眼水蚤	Corycaeus affinis	0.0451
		小拟哲水蚤	Pavacalanus parvus	0.0263
	水螅水母	嵊山秀氏水母	Sugiura chengshanense	0.091
	毛顎类	百陶箭虫	Sagitta bedoti	0.0292
2023.09	管水母	五角水母	Muggiaea atlantica	0.2562
	枝角类	肥胖三角溞	Evadne tergestina	0.1382
	枝角类	诺氏三角溞	Evadne nordmanni	0.0322
	毛顎类	肥胖软箭虫	Flaccisagitta enflata	0.1117
	桡足类	亚强真哲水蚤	Eucalanus subcrassus	0.0809

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表 3 南麂列岛海域浮游动物与环境因子的Spearman相关性分析

Tab. 3 Spearman correlation analysis of zooplankton and environmental factors in the Nanji Islands sea area

环境因子	浮游动物生物量	浮游动物密度
水温	−0.114 (0.523)	0.126 (0.479)
盐度	−0.588 (0.000**)	−0.553 (0.001**)
酸碱度（pH）	0.625 (0.000**)	0.515 (0.002**)
溶解氧质量浓度	0.306 (0.078)	0.358 (0.038*)
叶绿素a	0.533 (0.001**)	0.713 (0.000**)
无机氮质量浓度	−0.469 (0.005**)	−0.387 (0.024*)
浮游植物丰度	0.113 (0.526)	0.21 (0.233)
总磷质量浓度	−0.493 (0.003**)	−0.5 (0.003**)
亚硝酸盐（NO₂⁻）质量浓度	0.622 (0.000**)	0.322 (0.063)
石油烃质量浓度	0.255 (0.146)	0.027 (0.878)
活性磷酸盐质量浓度	−0.549 (0.001**)	−0.638 (0.000**)
总氮质量浓度	−0.414 (0.015*)	−0.339 (0.050*)
颗粒有机物质量浓度	0.032 (0.856)	−0.076 (0.671)
化学需氧量	0.242 (0.168)	0.414 (0.015*)
铜（Cu²⁺）质量浓度	−0.455 (0.007**)	−0.47 (0.005**)
氨氮质量浓度	−0.075 (0.672)	0.083 (0.640)
硝酸盐（NO₃⁻）质量浓度	−0.444 (0.009**)	−0.309 (0.076)
注：*、分别代表小于0.01和小于0.05的显著性水平。

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