The study of trophic niche and potential food sources of benthic animals in mangrove from Yanpu Bay
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摘要: 红树林是滨海生产力最高的生态系统，林内有机碳来源多元化，使得底栖食物网营养结构较为复杂。本研究以沿浦湾红树林底栖动物（鱼类、贝类、甲壳类）为研究对象，采用稳定同位素技术结合贝叶斯标准椭圆模型（SIBER模型）和稳定同位素溯源混合模型（Simmr模型）分析底栖动物群落营养结构，并确定潜在食物来源。研究表明：底栖动物碳稳定同位素（δ13C）值范围为−22.04‰～−11.27‰，氮稳定同位素（δ15N）值范围为5.86‰～16.21‰，营养级介于1.00（红树拟蟹守螺）～3.62（大鳍弹涂鱼）之间。其中，鱼类的营养级偏高，为2.05～3.62，甲壳类为2.28～3.19，而贝类相对偏低，介于1.00～2.83之间，这与不同类群的食性偏好差异有关。由营养生态位分析可知，鱼类的食物链长度和营养多样性高于甲壳类和贝类，甲壳类的食物来源多样性和营养均匀度均最高，而贝类的营养多样性和营养相似性最高。总体上，鱼类、甲壳类和贝类之间的核心营养生态位出现不同程度上重叠。基于贝叶斯混合模型分析底栖动物潜在食物来源发现，沉积有机物（Soil organic matter, SOM）为主要碳源，占78.2%，其次是浮游植物，占21.6%，而凋落物和悬浮有机质（Particulate organic matter, POM）最低，分别为3.7%和3.3%。研究结果完善了我国北缘红树林底栖动物营养关系，有助于更好地从营养调控角度开展红树林生物多样性保护与修复工作。Abstract: Mangroves represent the most productive ecosystem along the coastline. The mangrove forest is a source of diverse organic carbon, which contributes to the complexity of the trophic structure of the benthic food web. This study employed the benthic animals in the mangroves along Yanpu Bay as the research object, analysing the community trophic structure and determining the potential food sources through the utilisation of the stable isotope technique in conjunction with the Stable Isotope Bayesian Ellipses (SIBER) model and the Stable Isotope Mixing Models (Simmr). The study demonstrated that the carbon stable isotope (δ13C) values of benthic animals ranged from −22.04‰ to −11.27‰, while the nitrogen stable isotope (δ15N) values ranged the trophic levels ranged from 1.33 (Cerithidea rhizophorarum) to 3.95 (Periophthalmus cantonensis), with carbon stable isotope (δ13C) values from 5.86‰ to 16.21‰. The trophic level of fish is relatively high, ranging from 2.38 to 3.95, while that of crustaceans is 2.61 to 3.52. In contrast, the trophic level of mollusc is relatively low, ranging from 1.33 to 3.15. These differences are related to the feeding preferences of the different groups. The analysis of the nutritional structure indicates that the length of the food chain and the nutritional diversity of fish are greater than those of crustaceans and mollusc. The diversity of food sources and nutritional uniformity of crustaceans are the highest, while the nutritional diversity and similarity of mollusc are the highest. Overall, there is a varying degree of overlap between the core nutritional niches of fish, crustaceans and mollusc. An analysis of the potential food sources of benthic animals based on a Simmr mixed model revealed that SOM was the primary carbon source, accounting for 78.2% of the total, followed by phytoplankton, which constituted 21.6% of the total, while litter and POM represented the lowest proportions, at 3.7% and 3.3%, respectively. The findings of this study enhance our comprehension of the trophic relationships of benthic animals in mangrove ecosystems along the northern coast of China. They will facilitate more effective conservation and restoration of mangrove biodiversity from a trophic regulation perspective.
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Key words:
- mangrove /
- benthic animals /
- trophic niche /
- food sources
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图 2 沿浦湾红树林底栖动物及其潜在碳源δ13C和δ15N分布
Fig. 2 δ13C and δ15N values of benthos and potential sources of carbon in mangrove from Yanpu Bay
图 3 沿浦湾红树林底栖动物连续营养谱
Fig. 3 Continuous trophic profiles of macrobenthos in mangrove from Yanpu Bay
图 4 沿浦湾红树林底栖动物多边形面积（虚线）和矫正后的标准椭圆面积（实线）
Fig. 4 Corrected standard polygon area (dashed line) and ellipse area (solid line) of macrobenthos in mangrove from Yanpu Bay
图 5 沿浦湾红树林底栖动物碳源占比（左）和碳源对各类群贡献率（右）
Fig. 5 Contribution percentage of carbon sources to macrobenthos in the Yanpu Bay (left) and contribution percentage of carbon sources to each group (right)
表 1 沿浦湾底栖动物及基础碳源稳定同位素信息
Tab. 1 Isotopic information of macrobenthos and carbon sources in mangrove from Yanpu Bay
物种 拉丁名 样本数 δ13C/‰ δ15N/‰ 体长范围/mm 体重范围/g 鲻 Mugil cephalus 3 −15.02 ± 0.24 9.77 ± 0.19 50.73～55.11 1.26～1.71 鮻 Planiliza haematocheila 6 −15.44 ± 1.03 11.38 ± 0.86 63.50～79.60 1.80～4.79 花鲈 Lateolabrax maculatus 6 −15.63 ± 0.53 11.94 ± 1.61 60.00～138.80 1.67～27.76 尖吻蛇鳗 Ophichthus apicalis 4 −18.13 ± 1.15 12.35 ± 1.09 73.80～299.80 1.71～6.19 青弹涂鱼 Scartelaos histophorus 4 −11.9 ± 0.37 13.76 ± 0.32 127.30～132.20 6.14～6.70 斑尾刺鰕虎鱼 Acanthogobius ommaturus 6 −14.98 ± 1.20 14.38 ± 0.72 51.00～115.60 1.08～11.35 弹涂鱼 Periophthalmus modestus 6 −12.96 ± 0.93 14.69 ± 0.49 62.00～75.80 2.37～4.50 中华乌塘鳢 Bostrychus sinensis 6 −14.16 ± 0.88 14.76 ± 0.95 14.39～104.02 5.21～30.35 大鳍弹涂鱼 Periophthalmus magnuspinnatus 8 −13.6 ± 1.11 15.1 ± 0.71 48.20～138.20 0.70～14.33 弧边招潮蟹 Uca arcuata 6 −12.65 ± 0.46 10.55 ± 0.44 14.27～28.61 5.01～9.93 红螯螳臂相手蟹 Chiromantes haematocheir 6 −17.09 ± 1.30 10.98 ± 0.84 17.25～26.13 2.85～8.40 日本大眼蟹 Macrophthalmus japonicus 2 −13.24 ± 0.35 11.61 ± 0.06 23.57～26.51 5.89～6.33 天津厚蟹 Helice tientsinensis 6 −16.26 ± 1.44 11.68 ± 1.09 19.75～32.50 2.51～16.10 长足长方蟹 Metaplax longipes 4 −15.43 ± 0.94 11.99 ± 0.28 19.30～25.00 0.95～5.00 鲜明鼓虾 Alpheus distinguendus 6 −15.9 ± 2.41 12.31 ± 0.73 27.00～49.00 0.92～3.05 脊尾白虾 Exopalaemon carinicauda 3 −16.83 ± 1.97 12.62 ± 0.26 37.50～59.20 0.40～1.20 字纹弓蟹 Varuna litterata 3 −20.99 ± 0.99 13.51 ± 0.38 27.50～35.89 11.22～14.08 四齿大额蟹 Metopograpsus quadridentatus 2 −16.1 ± 0.71 13.57 ± 0.05 25.64～27.89 7.67～8.02 拟穴青蟹 Scvlla paramamosain 4 −14.17 ± 1.03 13.65 ± 0.84 71.00～90.80 61.20～115.49 红树拟蟹守螺 Cerithidea rhizophorarum 2 −17.6 ± 0.47 6.19 ± 0.21 15.56～21.97 1.56～2.67 黑口拟滨螺 Littoraria melanostoma 2 −18.28 ± 0.34 9.16 ± 0.34 18.36～21.77 5.61～5.89 缢蛏 Sinonovacula lamarcki 2 −16.72 ± 0.48 9.23 ± 0.12 22.56～35.82 12.68～19.89 尖锥拟蟹守螺 Cerithidea largillierti 4 −12.91 ± 0.33 10.49 ± 0.57 5.66～20.65 1.41～20.10 粗糙拟滨螺 Littoraria scabra 2 −16.96 ± 0.41 11.39 ± 0.36 20.56～21.97 28.94～31.46 珠带拟蟹守螺 Cerithidea cingulata 2 −13.68 ± 0.34 12.06 ± 0.11 12.68～15.69 1.09～2.07 文蛤 Meretrix meretrix 3 −17.29 ± 0.84 12.4 ± 0.53 32.56～33.86 24.46～29.09 POM — 3 −24.11 ± 0.73 1.61 ± 0.16 — — 凋落物 — 6 −25.95 ± 0.83 2.76 ± 1.17 — — 浮游植物 — 3 −8.92 ± 1.15 5.07 ± 5.65 — — SOM — 6 −14.21 ± 0.72 5.46 ± 0.17 — — 
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表 2 沿浦湾红树林底栖动物不同类群营养结构特征
Tab. 2 Trophic structure characteristics of different groups of macrobenthos in mangrove from Yanpu Bay
营养指标 鱼类 甲壳类 贝类 δ15N值范围（NR） 6.23 3.09 6.21 δ13C值范围（CR） 4.99 8.34 5.36 平均离心距离（CD） 2.28 1.92 2.56 平均最近相邻距离（MNND） 1.02 1.37 1.68 最邻距离标准差（SDNND） 0.71 1.08 0.66 多边形总面积（TA） 3.73 3.39 2.46 标准椭圆面积（SEAC） 1.01 0.92 1.35
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