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台风“海葵”对厦门市沙滩微塑料组成与多样性的影响

张铖懿 吴逢润 李雪妍 黄梓鹏 王涛 刘莎

张铖懿,吴逢润,李雪妍,等. 台风“海葵”对厦门市沙滩微塑料组成与多样性的影响[J]. 海洋学报,2025,47(1):1–11 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2025006
引用本文: 张铖懿,吴逢润,李雪妍,等. 台风“海葵”对厦门市沙滩微塑料组成与多样性的影响[J]. 海洋学报,2025,47(1):1–11 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2025006
Zhang Chengyi,Wu Fengrun,Li Xueyan, et al. Impacts of Typhoon Haikui on the composition and diversity of microplastics in Xiamen’s coastal beaches[J]. Haiyang Xuebao,2025, 47(1):1–11 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2025006
Citation: Zhang Chengyi,Wu Fengrun,Li Xueyan, et al. Impacts of Typhoon Haikui on the composition and diversity of microplastics in Xiamen’s coastal beaches[J]. Haiyang Xuebao,2025, 47(1):1–11 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2025006

台风“海葵”对厦门市沙滩微塑料组成与多样性的影响

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2025006
基金项目: 福建省自然科学基金(2022J0278)。
详细信息
    作者简介:

    张铖懿(1998—),男,四川省小金县人,主要从事海岸带微塑料污染研究。E-mail:zhangchengyi1001@163.com

    通讯作者:

    吴逢润,讲师,研究方向为湿地生态环境。E-mail: frwu1993@163.com

Impacts of Typhoon Haikui on the composition and diversity of microplastics in Xiamen’s coastal beaches

  • 摘要: 研究滨海沙滩微塑料的赋存与动态特征对于海岸带综合管理、评估生态风险具有重要意义。以往研究表明物理过程是影响滨海沙滩微塑料赋存特征的关键因素,但针对台风这种极端气象过程对微塑料污染分布的影响还探讨较少。本研究在台风“海葵”发生前后对厦门市滨海沙滩开展野外固定样地实验,分析台风前后沙滩沉积物中微塑料丰度、组成以及多样性的变化。结果表明,台风“海葵”前厦门市沙滩的微塑料丰度为(251.5 ± 27.9)n/kg,台风后该数值显著降低至(127.0 ± 18.8)n/kg。台风前后沙滩中微塑料的组成特征发生鲜明变化,不同形状、尺寸的微塑料丰度对台风的响应不同。其中,尺寸小于500 μm的微塑料占比显著下降,纤维状颗粒占比上升。台风后沙滩沉积物理化性质明显变化,其中中值粒径和容重均显著下降。此外,台风导致微塑料多样性变化:Shannon-Wiener多样性指数在多数站点下降,Pielou’s均匀度指数在台风后普遍上升。台风对沙滩微塑料分布的影响是极端天气中多种动态物理过程的复杂耦合作用,同时也与海岸位置、底质条件等要素密切相关。实现台风过程对微塑料污染动态的模拟和预报仍需结合野外受控实验等手段对相关机理开展系统综合研究。
  • 图  1  厦门市沙滩采样站位图

    Fig.  1  Maps of the sampling sites in Xiamen City, China

    图  2  厦门市沙滩微塑料的大小、形状、颜色和聚合物类型的组成

    Fig.  2  Size, shape, color, and polymer type composition of microplastics on the beaches in Xiamen City

    图  3  台风“海葵”前后沙滩微塑料丰度的变化

    图中同一站点标注字母相同者表示台风前后无显著差异(p > 0.05)

    Fig.  3  Variation in the abundance of microplastics before and after the Typhoon Haikui

    Notes: Any two columns with the same letter is non-significantly different (p > 0.05)

    图  4  台风前后不同尺寸微塑料的丰度变化

    图中同一站点标注字母相同者表示台风前后无显著差异(p > 0.05)

    Fig.  4  Variation in the abundance of microplastics of different sizes before and after the typhoon

    Notes: Any two columns with the same letter is non-significantly different (p > 0.05)

    图  5  台风前后不同形状微塑料丰度的变化

    图中同一站点标注字母相同者表示台风前后无显著差异(p > 0.05)

    Fig.  5  Variation in the abundance of microplastics of different shapes before and after the typhoon

    Notes: Any two columns with the same letter is non-significantly different (p > 0.05)

    图  6  台风前后厦门市沙滩微塑料多样性指数的变化

    Fig.  6  Variation in the diversity index of microplastic on the beaches in Xiamen City

    表  1  台风前后厦门市沙滩各站点沉积物理化因子的变化(平均值 ± 标准误)

    Tab.  1  Variation in the sedimentary properties on beaches in Xiamen City before and after Typhoon Haikui(means ± se)

    站点 中值粒径/μm 容重/g·cm−3 含水率/% 盐度/(mS·cm−1)
    台风前 台风后 台风前 台风后 台风前 台风后 台风前 台风后
    A 866.66 ± 26.94a 551.75 ± 39.93 b 1.30 ± 0.02a 1.28 ± 0.03a 0.24 ± 0.01a 0.27 ± 0.02a 1.39 ± 0.18a 1.57 ± 0.11a
    B 858.56 ± 61.47a 380.25 ± 4.71b 1.35 ± 0.06a 1.27 ± 0.03a 0.37 ± 0.01a 0.29 ± 0.01b 1.92 ± 0.02a 1.23 ± 0.10b
    C 1 055.94 ± 19.40 a’ 975.55 ± 40.72 a’ 1.36 ± 0.02a’ 1.13 ± 0.02b’ 0.23 ± 0.01a’ 0.19 ± 0.01b’ 1.46 ± 0.17a’ 1.89 ± 0.02a’
    D 844.81 ± 31.79 a” 769.93 ± 20.68 a” 1.30 ± 0.05a” 1.28 ± 0.04a” 0.35 ± 0.02a” 0.37 ± 0.01a” 1.63 ± 0.19a” 1.54 ± 0.05a”
    E 496.96 ±13.12 a* 555.87 ± 31.30 a* 1.37 ± 0.05a* 0.93 ± 0.06b* 0.52 ± 0.01a* 0.69 ± 0.03b* 1.94 ± 0.01a* 1.91 ± 0.01b*
      注:台风前后标注字母相同者表示无显著差异(p > 0.05)。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  以往研究中台风特征与台风前后微塑料丰度的变化

    Tab.  2  Characteristics of typhoons and variations in microplastic abundance before and after the typhoon in previous studies

    研究区域 采样介质 最大风力/级 降水量/(mm·h−1 微塑料丰度/(n·kg−1 沙滩开放程度 数据来源
    厦门市沙滩 沙滩沉积物 11 176.57 暴露 本文
    南海雷州半岛 近海沉积物 14 108.85 暴露 [41]
    香港海滩 沙滩沉积物 14 190.09 + 受保护 [25]
    深圳沿海地区 沙滩沉积物 9 127.12 暴露与受保护区域均有 [43]
    地表海水 +
    中国桑沟湾 近海沉积物 8 15.01 + 受保护 [44]
    地表海水 +
      注:+ 表示台风后微塑料丰度上升;− 表示台风后微塑料丰度降低。
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2024-06-25
  • 修回日期:  2024-12-02
  • 网络出版日期:  2024-12-14

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