Research on sea ice thickness identification method based on Hough transform principle
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摘要: 作为主要海冰参数之一的海冰厚度对海冰灾害评估和极地船舶与冰区海洋工程结构设计具有重要意义。采用船侧视频图像对海冰厚度进行自动识别是提取海冰参数的重要方式。本文采用基于Hough变换的机器视觉方法对海冰翻转过程中的表面轮廓线进行识别，从而自动获取海冰厚度参数。根据海冰图像特征制定了图像边缘识别−近似线段识别−海冰轮廓线段组识别的计算流程。在线段组识别过程中，根据海冰的几何特征建立了由夹角、长度及间距参数相关联的3个识别参数所组成的判断条件。为验证方法的可靠性，将该方法用于“雪龙”号第八次北极科考的走航实测数据中，结果表明，3个识别参数均具有最优阈值。当低于最优值时提高阈值可增加有效识别率；而高于最优值时提高阈值则会导致误判率增大，采用最优阈值可使冰厚识别率达到90%以上。因此，采用基于Hough变换的冰厚识别方法可实现对海冰厚度的实时监测。Abstract: Sea ice thickness is one of the main sea ice parameters. Automatic recognition of sea ice thickness in video is a significant component of sea ice parameters extraction. In this paper, the machine vision method based on Hough transform is used to recognize the surface contour of sea ice, so as to obtain the sea ice thickness parameters. According to the characteristics of sea ice image, the overall recognition process is divide into image edge recognition, approximate line segment recognition and sea ice contour segment group recognition. In the process of line segment identification, three parameters of line segment group including angle, length and spacing are established based on the geometric characteristics of sea ice. In order to verify the reliability of the method, this method is applied to analysis the field survey data of Xuelong icebreaker’s eighth Arctic expedition. The results show that the three parameters have the optimal threshold value. When it is lower than this value, increasing the threshold will increase the effective recognition rate; when it is higher than this value, increasing the threshold will increase the false recognition rate. The ice thickness recognition rate can reach more than 90% by using the optimal threshold. Therefore, the ice thickness identification method based on Hough transform can realize the real-time monitoring of sea ice thickness.
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图 2 边缘线段识别结果
a. 坐标系变换的演示图；b. 极坐标空间的Hough变换
Fig. 2 Recognition result of edge segment
a. Schematic diagram of coordinate transform; b. Hough transform in polar coordinate space
图 3 边缘线段识别结果
所识别线段用不同颜色标出
Fig. 3 Recognition result of edge segment
The identified lines segment are marked with different colors
图 4 边缘线段组错误判断示例
a. 两线间夹角差值过大；b. 两线间长度差值过大；c. 两线间间距过小
Fig. 4 Error judgment example of edge segment group
a. Excessive angle difference between two lines; b. excessive length difference between two lines; c. insufficient distance between two lines
图 7 基于Hough变换的海冰厚度识别
所识别线段用不同颜色标出
Fig. 7 Identifications of sea ice thickness based on Hough transformation
The identified lines segment are marked with different colors
图 6 基于Hough变换的海冰厚度识别
所识别线段用不同颜色标出
Fig. 6 Identifications of sea ice thickness based on Hough transformation
The identified lines segment are marked with different colors
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