不同丸粒化基质与风干时间对鳗草种子特性、萌发和实生苗建成的影响

彭立业; 刘晋冀; 闫文杰; 张彦浩; 张桢; 张沛东

不同丸粒化基质与风干时间对鳗草种子特性、萌发和实生苗建成的影响

彭立业^{1, 2,},
刘晋冀^{1, 2},
闫文杰^{1, 2},
张彦浩^{1, 2},
张桢²,
张沛东^{1, 2, ,}

1.
中国海洋大学海水养殖教育部重点实验室，山东青岛 266003
2.
中国海洋大学-中国船舶集团环境发展有限公司海洋生态保护修复与可持续利用技术联合研究中心，山东青岛 266003

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划（2023YFD2401102）; 中国海洋大学-中国船舶集团环境发展有限公司海洋生态保护修复与可持续利用技术联合研究中心项目（H20240008）。

详细信息

作者简介:
彭立业（2000—），男，山东省潍坊市人，主要从事海草床修复与保护研究，E-mail：1216701119@qq.com

通讯作者:
张沛东，教授，主要从事海草床修复与保护研究，E-mail：zhangpdsg@ouc.edu.cn

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2026-01-12
- 修回日期: 2026-03-04
- 网络出版日期: 2026-03-31

Effects of different pelleting matrices and drying durations on seed characteristics, germination, and seedling establishment in Zostera marina

Peng Liye^{1, 2
,},
Liu Jinji^{1, 2},
Yan Wenjie^{1, 2},
Zhang Yanhao^{1, 2},
Zhang Zhen²,
Zhang Peidong^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
2.
Joint Research Center for Conservation, Restoration & Sustainable Utilization of Marine Ecology, Ocean University of China-China State Shipbuilding Corporation Environmental Development Company Limited, Qingdao 266003, China

摘要

摘要: 为解决海草种子播种过程中种子易随水流漂移、实生苗建成率低等瓶颈，本研究以温带优势海草—鳗草（Zostera marina）为对象，探究了不同丸粒化基质（木质基质和矿质基质）及不同风干时间（0～12 min）对鳗草种子物理、生理特性的影响，并初步筛选具有萌发潜力的处理组，进一步探究这些处理组对鳗草种子萌发和实生苗建成的影响。结果显示，延长风干时间可显著提升鳗草种子的下沉加速度与抗压强度，其中矿质基质组种子的下沉加速度最高可达裸种组的3.2倍，抗压强度可达木质基质组种子的3.1倍；鳗草种子活力随风干时间延长呈下降趋势，裸种对照组与木质基质组的种子活力在风干时间8 min之后低于80%，而矿质基质组的种子活力则于风干时间4 min之后低于80%；木质基质有效缓解了风干对种子的生理胁迫，在风干时间0～12 min时，木质基质组种子的α-/β-淀粉酶活性与总蛋白含量始终保持与裸种组种子无显著性差异，但均显著优于矿质基质组（P<0.05）；风干时间0～4 min时，木质基质处理组的实生苗建成率达到39.0%～43.0%，与裸种对照组（42.0%）无显著差异，但显著高于相同条件下矿质基质处理组（8%～12.5%）。相关性分析表明，实生苗建成率与种子生理指标（酶活、蛋白）呈现极显著正相关；综合收益指数分析进一步证实，木质基质处理组在风干时间2～4 min时实现了物理强度适宜性与生理活力维持的平衡。结果表明，木质基质配合2～4 min的短时风干是适宜的鳗草种子丸粒化方法。
- 鳗草 /
- 丸粒化基质 /
- 风干时间 /
- 实生苗建成 /
- 综合收益评价
Abstract: To overcome key challenges such as the tendency of seeds to drift with water currents during sowing and low seedling establishment rates, this study focused on eelgrass (Zostera marina), a dominant temperate seagrass species. The effects of two types of pelleting matrices—wood-based and mineral-based—and varying drying durations (0–12 min) on the physical and physiological properties of eelgrass seeds were systematically investigated. Following a preliminary screening of groups exhibiting germination potential, the impacts of these treatments on seed germination and seedling establishment were further evaluated. Results demonstrated that prolonged drying significantly enhanced both sinking acceleration and compressive strength of granulated seeds. Notably, seeds coated with the mineral-based matrix exhibited the highest sinking acceleration, reaching 3.2 times that of uncoated seeds, and displayed 3.1 times greater compressive strength than those in the wood-based matrix group. However, seed viability decreased progressively with increasing drying time: the uncoated and wood-based matrix groups maintained viability above 80% up to 8 min of drying, whereas the mineral-based group fell below this threshold after only 4 min. The wood-based matrix played a protective role in alleviating physiological stress induced by drying. Throughout the 0–12 min drying period, α-/β-amylase activities and total protein content in the wood-based matrix group remained comparable to those in the uncoated control group and were significantly higher than those in the mineral-based matrix group (P < 0.05). With respect to seedling establishment, the wood-based matrix treatment achieved rates of 39.0%–43.0% under drying durations of 0–4 min, which were statistically similar to the uncoated control (42.0%) and markedly higher than those observed in the mineral-based treatment (8%–12.5%). Correlation analysis revealed a highly significant positive association between seedling establishment rate and key physiological parameters, including enzyme activity and protein content. Furthermore, comprehensive benefit index analysis indicated that the wood-based matrix could achieve an optimal trade-off between physical suitability and physiological vitality when drying duration was restricted to 2–4 min. These findings suggest that using a wood-based pelleting matrix combined with a short drying duration (2–4 min) is a feasible and effective strategy for improving Z. marina seed handling and establishment in seagrass restoration practices.
- Zostera marina /
- pelleting matrices /
- drying duration /
- seedling establishment /
- comprehensive benefit evaluation

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图 1 实验流程图

Fig. 1 Experimental flowchart

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图 2 不同丸粒化基质与风干时间对鳗草种子下沉加速度（A）、崩解时间（B）、抗压强度（C）、单粒质量（D）、吸水率（E）的影响以及物理指标主成分分析（F）

注：误差线上的不同小写字母表示相同丸粒化基质不同风干时间之间存在显著差异，然而不同大写字母表示相同风干时间不同丸粒化基质之间存在显著差异（P < 0.05）。SW：单粒质量；CS：抗压强度；DT：崩解时间；SA：下沉加速度；WAR：吸水率。

Fig. 2 Effects of different pelletizing matrices and drying durations on sinking acceleration (A), disintegration time (B), compressive strength (C), single seed weight (D), water absorption rate (E) of Z. marina seeds, and principal component analysis of physical indicators (F)

Note: Different lowercases letters on the error bars indicate significant differences among drying durations within the same pelletizing matrix, whereas different uppercases letters denote significant differences among pelletizing matrices under the same drying duration (P < 0.05). SW: single seed weight; CS: compressive strength; DT: disintegration time; SA: sinking acceleration; WAR: water absorption rate.

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图 3 不同丸粒化基质与风干时间对鳗草种子活力的影响

注：误差线上的不同小写字母表示相同丸粒化基质不同风干时间之间存在显著差异，然而不同大写字母表示相同风干时间不同丸粒化基质之间存在显著差异（P < 0.05）。

Fig. 3 Effects of different pelletizing matrices and drying durations on viability of Z. marina seeds

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图 4 不同丸粒化基质与风干时间对鳗草种子可溶性糖含量（A）、淀粉含量（B）、α-淀粉酶活性（C）、β-淀粉酶活性（D）、总蛋白含量（E）的影响以及生理指标主成分分析（F）

注：误差线上的不同小写字母表示相同丸粒化基质不同风干时间之间存在显著差异，然而不同大写字母表示相同风干时间不同丸粒化基质之间存在显著差异（P < 0.05）。SS：可溶性糖含量；S：淀粉含量；SV：种子活力；TP：总蛋白含量；α-AMY：α-淀粉酶活性；β-AMY：β-淀粉酶活性。

Fig. 4 Effects of different pelletizing matrices and drying durations on soluble sugar content (A), starch content (B), α-amylase activity (C), β-amylase activity (D), total protein content (E) of Z. marina seeds, and principal component analysis of physiological indicators (F)

Note: Different lowercases letters on the error bars indicate significant differences among drying durations within the same pelletizing matrix, whereas different uppercases letters denote significant differences among pelletizing matrices under the same drying duration (P < 0.05). SS: soluble sugar content; S: starch content; SV: seed viability; TP: total protein content; α-AMY: α-amylase activity; β-AMY: β-amylase activity.

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图 5 不同处理组鳗草实生苗建成率比较

注：误差线上的不同小写字母表示不同处理组之间存在显著差异（P < 0.05）。LZ1：裸种不风干（此处作为对照组）；MZ1～MZ4：木质基质风干时间0、2、4、6 min的处理组；KZ1～KZ2：矿质基质风干时间0、2 min的处理组。

Fig. 5 Comparison of seedling establishment rates in Z. marina under different treatment conditions

Note: Different lowercases letters on the error bars indicate significant differences among treatments (P < 0.05). LZ1 represents bare seeds with a drying duration of 0 min (control); MZ1–MZ4 represent wood-based matrix treatments with drying durations of 0, 2, 4, and 6 min; KZ1–KZ2 represent mineral-based matrix treatments with drying durations of 0 and 2 min.

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图 6 不同处理组鳗草综合收益指数的比较（A）及其随风干时间变化的拟合曲线（B）

注：不同小写字母表示不同丸化处理组之间存在显著差异（P < 0.05）。LZ1表示裸种不风干（此处作为对照组），MZ1～MZ4表示木质基质风干时间为0、2、4、6 min的处理组。

Fig. 6 Comparison of comprehensive benefit indices in Z. marina across different treatments (A) and the fitting relationship between comprehensive benefit indices and drying duration (B)

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图 7 木质基质处理组（A）与矿质基质处理组（B）鳗草种子物理指标与生物学指标间的相关性分析

注：*表示差异显著（P < 0.05），**表示差异极显著（P < 0.01）；SW：单粒质量；CS：抗压强度；DT：崩解时间；SA：下沉加速度；WAR：吸水率；SS：可溶性糖含量；S：淀粉含量；SV：种子活力；TP：总蛋白含量；α-AMY：α-淀粉酶活性；β-AMY：β-淀粉酶活性。

Fig. 7 Correlation analysis of physical, physiological, germination, and seedling establishment indicators in wood-based matrix treatments (A) and mineral-based matrix treatments (B).

Note: * indicates a significant difference (P < 0.05), and ** indicates a highly significant difference (P < 0.01). SW, CS, DT, SA, WAR, SS, S, SV, TP, α-AMY, and β-AMY represent single seed weight, compressive strength, disintegration time, sinking acceleration, water absorption rate, soluble sugar content, starch content, seed viability, total protein content, α-amylase activity, and β-amylase activity, respectively.

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图 8 木质基质与短时风干协同优化鳗草种子丸粒化并促进实生苗建成

Fig. 8 Synergistic optimization of the wood-based matrix and short-term drying duration for Z. marina seed pelletization and subsequent seedling establishment.

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表 1 鳗草种子丸粒化处理方式

Tab. 1 Seed pelletization method for Zostera marina

处理组 Treatments		木质基质 Wood-based matrix	矿质基质 Mineral-based matrix	风干时间 Drying duration/min
1	LZ1	0	0	0
2	LZ2	0	0	2
3	LZ3	0	0	4
4	LZ4	0	0	6
5	LZ5	0	0	8
6	LZ6	0	0	10
7	LZ7	0	0	12
8	MZ1	1∶3	0	0
9	MZ2	1∶3	0	2
10	MZ3	1∶3	0	4
11	MZ4	1∶3	0	6
12	MZ5	1∶3	0	8
13	MZ6	1∶3	0	10
14	MZ7	1∶3	0	12
15	KZ1	0	1∶3	0
16	KZ2	0	1∶3	2
17	KZ3	0	1∶3	4
18	KZ4	0	1∶3	6
19	KZ5	0	1∶3	8
20	KZ6	0	1∶3	10
21	KZ7	0	1∶3	12
注：LZ表示裸种组（无丸粒化基质）；MZ表示木质基质组；KZ表示矿质基质组。1∶3表示种子与丸粒化基质的质量比。
Note: LZ represents the untreated seed treatment (bare seeds); MZ refers to seeds coated with a wood-based matrix; KZ denotes seeds treated with a mineral-based matrix. The 1∶3 ratio indicates the mass proportion of seeds to pelleting matrix.

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表 2 不同处理组鳗草种子的累积萌发率、平均萌发历期与发芽指数（平均值 ± 标准差）

Tab. 2 Cumulative germination rate, mean germination time, and germination index of Z. marina seeds under different treatments (mean ± SD)

丸粒化处理 Palletization treatment	累积萌发率 Cumulative germination rate/%	平均萌发历期 Mean germination time/d	发芽指数 Germination index
LZ1	52.0 ± 0.7^a	61.1 ± 0.5^a	14.3 ± 0.3^a
MZ1	52.8 ± 0.4^a	62.0 ± 1.0^a	14.8 ± 0.2^a
MZ2	52.0 ± 0.7^a	58.3 ± 1.9^b	13.9 ± 0.6^ab
MZ3	51.3 ± 1.3^a	57.3 ± 0.9^b	12.0 ± 0.3^b
MZ4	41.0 ± 0.6^b	59.5 ± 0.1^b	8.4 ± 0.2^c
KZ1	41.3 ± 0.8^b	58.5 ±2.1^b	8.6 ± 0.6^c
KZ2	34.5 ± 0.7^c	59.2 ± 0.1^b	6.3 ± 0.6^c
注：不同小写字母表示同一指标在不同处理组间存在显著差异（P < 0.05）。
Note: Different lowercases letters indicate significant differences among treatments for the same indicator (P < 0.05).

下载: 导出CSV

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