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2025, 47(7): 1-14.
doi: 10.12284/hyxb2025082
Abstract:
Research based on observation and machine learning shows that the average annual carbon sink intensity of the China marginal seas (Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, East China Sea and South China Sea) is (−10.2 ± 4.4)Tg/a. The Yellow Sea, the East China Sea and the northern region of the South China Sea absorb atmospheric CO2, while the Bohai Sea, the southern South China Sea and the Changjiang River Estuary release CO2 into the atmosphere. The East China Sea carbon sinks are the strongest, with an average flux of (−10.5 ± 4.5)Tg/a, and the Yellow Sea carbon sinks are relatively small, (−2.1 ± 0.9)Tg/a. The smallest carbon source appeared in the Bohai Sea is (+0.3 ± 0.1)Tg/a, while the largest carbon source intensity appeared in the South China Sea is (+2.0 ± 0.9)Tg/a. According to seasonal change, the carbon sink intensity in winter is the highest in the China margin seas, with (−45.7 ± 19.7)Tg/a, and weaker in spring, at (−16.9 ± 7.3)Tg/a. In summer and autumn, China’s marginal seas as a whole are carbon sources, with an average of (+11.9 ± 5.1)Tg/a and (+9.9 ± 4.3)Tg/a respectively. The average uncertainty of carbon source sink strength in China marginal seas is ±43.0% (±4.4 Tg/a) in the estimation results of constructing lattiness data based on observation data and machine learning, which is 47.5% of the reduced uncertainty less than 90.5% of the average uncertainty by only regional observation data. The difference of\begin{document}$P_{\mathrm{CO}_2} $\end{document} ![]()
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Research based on observation and machine learning shows that the average annual carbon sink intensity of the China marginal seas (Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, East China Sea and South China Sea) is (−10.2 ± 4.4)Tg/a. The Yellow Sea, the East China Sea and the northern region of the South China Sea absorb atmospheric CO2, while the Bohai Sea, the southern South China Sea and the Changjiang River Estuary release CO2 into the atmosphere. The East China Sea carbon sinks are the strongest, with an average flux of (−10.5 ± 4.5)Tg/a, and the Yellow Sea carbon sinks are relatively small, (−2.1 ± 0.9)Tg/a. The smallest carbon source appeared in the Bohai Sea is (+0.3 ± 0.1)Tg/a, while the largest carbon source intensity appeared in the South China Sea is (+2.0 ± 0.9)Tg/a. According to seasonal change, the carbon sink intensity in winter is the highest in the China margin seas, with (−45.7 ± 19.7)Tg/a, and weaker in spring, at (−16.9 ± 7.3)Tg/a. In summer and autumn, China’s marginal seas as a whole are carbon sources, with an average of (+11.9 ± 5.1)Tg/a and (+9.9 ± 4.3)Tg/a respectively. The average uncertainty of carbon source sink strength in China marginal seas is ±43.0% (±4.4 Tg/a) in the estimation results of constructing lattiness data based on observation data and machine learning, which is 47.5% of the reduced uncertainty less than 90.5% of the average uncertainty by only regional observation data. The difference of
2025, 47(7): 15-26.
doi: 10.12284/hyxb2025084
Abstract:
To investigate the mobility and transformation of mercury (Hg) in the wetlands of Changjiang Estuary, microcosm incubation experiments were conducted under different redox conditions over a long period (252 days). Four sediments collected from different wetlands were added with dissolved Hg(NO3)2 to simulate recent Hg inputs to wetlands, resulting in sediment total Hg increased by 109.7%−275.1%. (1) The results showed that the concentrations of methylmercury (MeHg) in sediments increased by 1.9%−361.5% (on average 183.0%) over the course of incubation. Amendment of litterfall after 140 days incubation, anaerobic degradation of litter can significantly enhance MeHg production with a larger increase (on average 260.2%) compared to those in the control. These results suggest that soluble Hg is easily methylated to MeHg, especially with labile organic matter inputs, and the aging processes of Hg could be significantly influenced by labile organic matter. Furthermore, MeHg/THg (%), as an estimate of long-term MeHg production were significantly different among sediments for all sampling time points, which was most probably due to the differences of the Hg methylating bacteria in sediments. (2) During oxidation stage of the sediments, a significant negative correlation between the MeHg concentrations and the redox potential (Eh) was observed. The results indicate that MeHg demethylation occurred under oxic resuspension conditions, which was enhanced in the presence of labile organic matter. This was most probably due to the combination of biotic demethylation with aerobic microorganisms and abiotic demethylation associated with reactive oxygen species from oxygenation of Fe(Ⅱ)-bearing particles. The role of the abiotic pathways and mechanisms in the degradation of methylmercury in estuaries, coasts and other natural aquatic systems needs to be further investigated. (3) Most of the Hg accumulated in the ＜8 μm fractions, probably due to the formation of Hg-organic matter complexes that was aggregated with metal (oxyhydr)oxides and clay minerals. Thus, very fine particles may be the main carriers of Hg in Changjiang Estuary.
To investigate the mobility and transformation of mercury (Hg) in the wetlands of Changjiang Estuary, microcosm incubation experiments were conducted under different redox conditions over a long period (252 days). Four sediments collected from different wetlands were added with dissolved Hg(NO3)2 to simulate recent Hg inputs to wetlands, resulting in sediment total Hg increased by 109.7%−275.1%. (1) The results showed that the concentrations of methylmercury (MeHg) in sediments increased by 1.9%−361.5% (on average 183.0%) over the course of incubation. Amendment of litterfall after 140 days incubation, anaerobic degradation of litter can significantly enhance MeHg production with a larger increase (on average 260.2%) compared to those in the control. These results suggest that soluble Hg is easily methylated to MeHg, especially with labile organic matter inputs, and the aging processes of Hg could be significantly influenced by labile organic matter. Furthermore, MeHg/THg (%), as an estimate of long-term MeHg production were significantly different among sediments for all sampling time points, which was most probably due to the differences of the Hg methylating bacteria in sediments. (2) During oxidation stage of the sediments, a significant negative correlation between the MeHg concentrations and the redox potential (Eh) was observed. The results indicate that MeHg demethylation occurred under oxic resuspension conditions, which was enhanced in the presence of labile organic matter. This was most probably due to the combination of biotic demethylation with aerobic microorganisms and abiotic demethylation associated with reactive oxygen species from oxygenation of Fe(Ⅱ)-bearing particles. The role of the abiotic pathways and mechanisms in the degradation of methylmercury in estuaries, coasts and other natural aquatic systems needs to be further investigated. (3) Most of the Hg accumulated in the ＜8 μm fractions, probably due to the formation of Hg-organic matter complexes that was aggregated with metal (oxyhydr)oxides and clay minerals. Thus, very fine particles may be the main carriers of Hg in Changjiang Estuary.
2025, 47(7): 27-37.
doi: 10.12284/hyxb2025070
Abstract:
Investigating the relationship between fishery resources and environmental factors, along with understanding species distribution response mechanisms to environmental changes, provides fundamental insights for fisheries conservation and sustainable management. While both resource abundance and species distribution are influenced by multiple environmental factors, existing research has primarily emphasized direct environmental effects, with insufficient attention to inter-factor interactions. This study examines the mechanisms through which diverse environmental factors affect shrimp resources along Madagascar's western coast, utilizing shrimp trawl fishery data (2014−2020) and Bayesian network analysis to investigate relationships between precipitation, runoff, marine environmental factors, and catch per unit effort (CPUE) of three key shrimp species. Our analysis identified critical drivers of CPUE variation under combined environmental influences. Results demonstrated that precipitation, runoff, sea surface height anomaly (SSHA), and sea surface temperature (SST) predominantly influenced Fenneropenaeus indicus CPUE. For Metapenaeus monoceros and Penaeus semisulcatus, runoff, SSHA, SST, and chlorophyll a (Chl a) mass concentration constituted primary controlling factors. Precipitation exerted indirect effects on all species' CPUE through environmental mediators: impacting F. indicus via runoff-SST-SSHA pathways, while influencing M. monoceros and P. semisulcatus through runoff-SST-SSHA-Chl a interactions. These findings clarify both direct effects of precipitation and marine environmental factors on shrimp CPUE, and reveal cascading indirect impacts where precipitation modulates population dynamics through environmental intermediaries, elucidating pathway mechanisms underlying these ecological relationships.
Investigating the relationship between fishery resources and environmental factors, along with understanding species distribution response mechanisms to environmental changes, provides fundamental insights for fisheries conservation and sustainable management. While both resource abundance and species distribution are influenced by multiple environmental factors, existing research has primarily emphasized direct environmental effects, with insufficient attention to inter-factor interactions. This study examines the mechanisms through which diverse environmental factors affect shrimp resources along Madagascar's western coast, utilizing shrimp trawl fishery data (2014−2020) and Bayesian network analysis to investigate relationships between precipitation, runoff, marine environmental factors, and catch per unit effort (CPUE) of three key shrimp species. Our analysis identified critical drivers of CPUE variation under combined environmental influences. Results demonstrated that precipitation, runoff, sea surface height anomaly (SSHA), and sea surface temperature (SST) predominantly influenced Fenneropenaeus indicus CPUE. For Metapenaeus monoceros and Penaeus semisulcatus, runoff, SSHA, SST, and chlorophyll a (Chl a) mass concentration constituted primary controlling factors. Precipitation exerted indirect effects on all species' CPUE through environmental mediators: impacting F. indicus via runoff-SST-SSHA pathways, while influencing M. monoceros and P. semisulcatus through runoff-SST-SSHA-Chl a interactions. These findings clarify both direct effects of precipitation and marine environmental factors on shrimp CPUE, and reveal cascading indirect impacts where precipitation modulates population dynamics through environmental intermediaries, elucidating pathway mechanisms underlying these ecological relationships.
2025, 47(7): 38-49.
doi: 10.12284/hyxb2025086
Abstract:
To evaluate whether the “ensemble approach” can enhance the predictive performance of Species Distribution Models (SDMs) in dynamically changing estuarine environments, this study utilized eight single models based on different algorithms to construct an Ensemble Model (EM) for the habitat of Harpadon nehereus, a dominant species in the Changjiang River Estuary. The data used for modeling were derived from marine biological resource surveys conducted in the Changjiang River Estuary from 2013 to 2021. The results showed that: (1) All single models outperformed the random distribution model, with the EM demonstrating the highest predictive accuracy and robustness (Area Under receiver operating character Curve, AUC = 0.875; True skill statistic, TSS = 0.650; KAPPA = 0.560; Overall accuracy, OA = 0.867). (2) The EM accurately identified both presence and absence stations of H. nehereus, clearly differentiated suitability levels in unsampled regions, and predicted areas of high suitability shared by different models. (3) Finally, the EM accurately identified the key environmental requirements of H. nehereus and reflected the central tendency across multiple models. The most suitable habitat for H. nehereus was found in waters with salinity, temperature, and chemical oxygen demand ranges of 2.754−30.300, 28.278−30.934℃, and 4.605−8.080 mg/L, respectively. This study provides a more reliable research method for the sustainable utilization and habitat protection of H. nehereus resources in the Changjiang River Estuary.
To evaluate whether the “ensemble approach” can enhance the predictive performance of Species Distribution Models (SDMs) in dynamically changing estuarine environments, this study utilized eight single models based on different algorithms to construct an Ensemble Model (EM) for the habitat of Harpadon nehereus, a dominant species in the Changjiang River Estuary. The data used for modeling were derived from marine biological resource surveys conducted in the Changjiang River Estuary from 2013 to 2021. The results showed that: (1) All single models outperformed the random distribution model, with the EM demonstrating the highest predictive accuracy and robustness (Area Under receiver operating character Curve, AUC = 0.875; True skill statistic, TSS = 0.650; KAPPA = 0.560; Overall accuracy, OA = 0.867). (2) The EM accurately identified both presence and absence stations of H. nehereus, clearly differentiated suitability levels in unsampled regions, and predicted areas of high suitability shared by different models. (3) Finally, the EM accurately identified the key environmental requirements of H. nehereus and reflected the central tendency across multiple models. The most suitable habitat for H. nehereus was found in waters with salinity, temperature, and chemical oxygen demand ranges of 2.754−30.300, 28.278−30.934℃, and 4.605−8.080 mg/L, respectively. This study provides a more reliable research method for the sustainable utilization and habitat protection of H. nehereus resources in the Changjiang River Estuary.
2025, 47(7): 50-59.
doi: 10.12284/hyxb2025074
Abstract:
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in phytoplankton refer to low-molecular-weight compounds withhigh vapor pressure that are either absorbed from the aquatic environment or metabolized within the organisms.This study aimed to reveal the composition characteristics and seasonal variation patterns of water quality parameters and VOCs in phytoplankton from different large yellow croaker aquaculture net cages. Three sampling sites were selected, namely Dongtou (DT), Nanji (NJ), and Ningde (ND), and phytoplankton samples were collected from the net cages during the summer and autumn. The composition of VOCs was analyzed using automated headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS), and its correlation with water quality parameters was examined. The results showed that the VOCs in the net cage phytoplankton of large yellow croaker were mainly composed of aromatics, hydrocarbons, esters, and ketones. The total VOC content and types were significantly higher in winter than in summer, with higher levels in DT and NJ compared to ND. In winter, the levels of naphthalene, and in summer, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol and Z-2-dodecenol were significantly higher in ND than in DT and NJ, indicating the stronger influence of human activities and potential ecological risks in ND. In summer, the levels of dihydro-2-methyl-3(2H)-furanone, 2-hexanal, and linalool were higher in the phytoplankton of the DT and NJ net cages than in ND, while no detectable levels were found in the net cages of all three aquaculture zones in winter. These aromatic VOCs may accumulate in the muscle tissue of large yellow croaker through the food chain, enhancing its flavor quality. Water quality parameters such as total nitrogen, active phosphate, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, pH, and dissolved oxygen exhibited significant differences across seasons and regions, and were closely related to the production and distribution of VOCs. The findings provide new insights into the understanding of marine net cage water quality health and offer important references for the development of VOCs as environmental monitoring biomarkers and optimizing the quality of large yellow croaker aquaculture.
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in phytoplankton refer to low-molecular-weight compounds withhigh vapor pressure that are either absorbed from the aquatic environment or metabolized within the organisms.This study aimed to reveal the composition characteristics and seasonal variation patterns of water quality parameters and VOCs in phytoplankton from different large yellow croaker aquaculture net cages. Three sampling sites were selected, namely Dongtou (DT), Nanji (NJ), and Ningde (ND), and phytoplankton samples were collected from the net cages during the summer and autumn. The composition of VOCs was analyzed using automated headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS), and its correlation with water quality parameters was examined. The results showed that the VOCs in the net cage phytoplankton of large yellow croaker were mainly composed of aromatics, hydrocarbons, esters, and ketones. The total VOC content and types were significantly higher in winter than in summer, with higher levels in DT and NJ compared to ND. In winter, the levels of naphthalene, and in summer, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol and Z-2-dodecenol were significantly higher in ND than in DT and NJ, indicating the stronger influence of human activities and potential ecological risks in ND. In summer, the levels of dihydro-2-methyl-3(2H)-furanone, 2-hexanal, and linalool were higher in the phytoplankton of the DT and NJ net cages than in ND, while no detectable levels were found in the net cages of all three aquaculture zones in winter. These aromatic VOCs may accumulate in the muscle tissue of large yellow croaker through the food chain, enhancing its flavor quality. Water quality parameters such as total nitrogen, active phosphate, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, pH, and dissolved oxygen exhibited significant differences across seasons and regions, and were closely related to the production and distribution of VOCs. The findings provide new insights into the understanding of marine net cage water quality health and offer important references for the development of VOCs as environmental monitoring biomarkers and optimizing the quality of large yellow croaker aquaculture.
2025, 47(7): 60-70.
doi: 10.12284/hyxb2025078
Abstract:
Global warming has led to frequent large-scale coral bleaching events, accelerating the degradation of coral reef ecosystems. Internationally, coral transplantation is commonly employed as a method to restore degraded coral reefs, with Acropora species constituting the majority of the transplanted corals. However, fast-growing branching Acropora corals are more sensitive to heat, which affects their restoration efficacy in the increasingly warming marine environment. To understand the thermal response patterns and thermal tolerance differences of Acropora, this study conducted high-temperature stress experiments on Acropora muricata and Acropora hyacinthus from Weizhou Island, Guangxi. Through the analysis of physiological and biochemical indicators, it was observed that after high-temperature stress, A. muricata exhibited tentacle retraction and color fading, and the activity levels of antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, glutathione, catalase), ammonium assimilation enzyme (glutamine synthetase), and cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (caspase-3) showed a trend of initially increasing and then decreasing. A. hyacinthus showed a similar response pattern, except for superoxide dismutase and glutamine synthetase. At 34℃, A. hyacinthus performed better in physiological indicators, with superoxide dismutase, ammonium assimilation enzyme, and caspase-3 maintained high activity and sensitive response, indicating that A. hyacinthus resists high-temperature environments by increasing the activity of these proteases, and it is more heat-tolerant than A. muricata. This study revealed the physiological response patterns of the two Acropora species under high-temperature stress and compared their thermal tolerance differences, providing a theoretical basis for the selection of heat-tolerant corals and the ecological restoration of coral reefs.
Global warming has led to frequent large-scale coral bleaching events, accelerating the degradation of coral reef ecosystems. Internationally, coral transplantation is commonly employed as a method to restore degraded coral reefs, with Acropora species constituting the majority of the transplanted corals. However, fast-growing branching Acropora corals are more sensitive to heat, which affects their restoration efficacy in the increasingly warming marine environment. To understand the thermal response patterns and thermal tolerance differences of Acropora, this study conducted high-temperature stress experiments on Acropora muricata and Acropora hyacinthus from Weizhou Island, Guangxi. Through the analysis of physiological and biochemical indicators, it was observed that after high-temperature stress, A. muricata exhibited tentacle retraction and color fading, and the activity levels of antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, glutathione, catalase), ammonium assimilation enzyme (glutamine synthetase), and cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (caspase-3) showed a trend of initially increasing and then decreasing. A. hyacinthus showed a similar response pattern, except for superoxide dismutase and glutamine synthetase. At 34℃, A. hyacinthus performed better in physiological indicators, with superoxide dismutase, ammonium assimilation enzyme, and caspase-3 maintained high activity and sensitive response, indicating that A. hyacinthus resists high-temperature environments by increasing the activity of these proteases, and it is more heat-tolerant than A. muricata. This study revealed the physiological response patterns of the two Acropora species under high-temperature stress and compared their thermal tolerance differences, providing a theoretical basis for the selection of heat-tolerant corals and the ecological restoration of coral reefs.
2025, 47(7): 71-82.
doi: 10.12284/hyxb2025068
Abstract:
There are complex interactions between the sediment components of silty-muddy tidal flats and benthic microalgae, which affect the stability of the tidal flat ecosystem and geomorphological evolution. In order to explore the influence law of benthic microalgae on sediment components, this study took the typical silty-muddy tidal flat in Tiaozini, Jiangsu Province as the research object. Through field observations and laboratory analyses, the temporal and spatial variations and the interrelationships between benthic microalgae and sediment components were revealed. The research results show that there are temporal and spatial differences in the biomass of benthic microalgae and the particle size distribution of sediments. The biomass of benthic microalgae in autumn and winter is higher than that in spring and summer, and it is distributed in the surface layer of 0−1 cm. The median particle size in spring and summer is larger than that in autumn and winter. The difference in hydrodynamic forces on both sides of tidal channels leads to the synchronous mutation phenomenon of the biomass of benthic microalgae and sediment components. The biomass of microalgae in the convex bank area is relatively high and the sediment particle size is smaller, while in the concave bank area, the erosion is intense and the biomass decreases. Environmental conditions (such as temperature and light) and the composition of microalgae communities jointly drive the temporal and spatial changes in the relationship between benthic microalgae and sediment components. In summer, the diverse microalgae communities enhance the biostabilization effect on various sediment components, while in winter, the dominant position of diatoms strengthens the selectivity for clay and fine silt.
There are complex interactions between the sediment components of silty-muddy tidal flats and benthic microalgae, which affect the stability of the tidal flat ecosystem and geomorphological evolution. In order to explore the influence law of benthic microalgae on sediment components, this study took the typical silty-muddy tidal flat in Tiaozini, Jiangsu Province as the research object. Through field observations and laboratory analyses, the temporal and spatial variations and the interrelationships between benthic microalgae and sediment components were revealed. The research results show that there are temporal and spatial differences in the biomass of benthic microalgae and the particle size distribution of sediments. The biomass of benthic microalgae in autumn and winter is higher than that in spring and summer, and it is distributed in the surface layer of 0−1 cm. The median particle size in spring and summer is larger than that in autumn and winter. The difference in hydrodynamic forces on both sides of tidal channels leads to the synchronous mutation phenomenon of the biomass of benthic microalgae and sediment components. The biomass of microalgae in the convex bank area is relatively high and the sediment particle size is smaller, while in the concave bank area, the erosion is intense and the biomass decreases. Environmental conditions (such as temperature and light) and the composition of microalgae communities jointly drive the temporal and spatial changes in the relationship between benthic microalgae and sediment components. In summer, the diverse microalgae communities enhance the biostabilization effect on various sediment components, while in winter, the dominant position of diatoms strengthens the selectivity for clay and fine silt.
2025, 47(7): 83-93.
doi: 10.12284/hyxb2025080
Abstract:
Mytilus coruscus is an economically significant shellfish cultivated in China, with its life and behavior greatly influenced by light conditions. However, much remains unknown about its opsin genes. In this study, seven opsins were identified based on whole-genome sequencing data of M. coruscus, and sequence analysis classified them into five types: r-opsin, c-opsin, Go-opsin, neuropsin, and peropsin. Chromosomal localization analysis revealed that opsin genes of the same subfamily are located on the same chromosome. Bioinformatics analysis showed that, except for r-opsin, all identified proteins are hydrophobic. The conserved motifs revealed high sequence conservation among opsin subfamily members, while inter-subfamily comparisons identified specific divergent residues. The expression profiles of opsin genes were examined across five developmental stages using real-time quantitative PCR, which demonstrated significant expression differences at various developmental stages. Notably, c-opsin4 and r-opsin were significantly upregulated during the eyespot stage, suggesting their crucial roles during this period.This study provides insights into the molecular characteristics of opsins in M. coruscus and preliminarily explores the expression patterns of opsin genes during its development. Additionally, it contributes to the understanding of visual formation mechanisms in M. coruscus and offers a scientific basis for further exploration of the regulatory role of opsins in the metamorphosis process.
Mytilus coruscus is an economically significant shellfish cultivated in China, with its life and behavior greatly influenced by light conditions. However, much remains unknown about its opsin genes. In this study, seven opsins were identified based on whole-genome sequencing data of M. coruscus, and sequence analysis classified them into five types: r-opsin, c-opsin, Go-opsin, neuropsin, and peropsin. Chromosomal localization analysis revealed that opsin genes of the same subfamily are located on the same chromosome. Bioinformatics analysis showed that, except for r-opsin, all identified proteins are hydrophobic. The conserved motifs revealed high sequence conservation among opsin subfamily members, while inter-subfamily comparisons identified specific divergent residues. The expression profiles of opsin genes were examined across five developmental stages using real-time quantitative PCR, which demonstrated significant expression differences at various developmental stages. Notably, c-opsin4 and r-opsin were significantly upregulated during the eyespot stage, suggesting their crucial roles during this period.This study provides insights into the molecular characteristics of opsins in M. coruscus and preliminarily explores the expression patterns of opsin genes during its development. Additionally, it contributes to the understanding of visual formation mechanisms in M. coruscus and offers a scientific basis for further exploration of the regulatory role of opsins in the metamorphosis process.
2025, 47(7): 94-108.
doi: 10.12284/hyxb2025072
Abstract:
Mytilus coruscus is renowned for its delicious taste and rich nutritional content, making it one of the significant economic shellfish along the coast of China. The critical period for M. coruscus seedling cultivation lies in its larval metamorphosis stage. However, the larval development of M. coruscus is a dynamic and complex process, involving the participation of numerous genes and various intricate biological processes. In this study, we based on high-throughput transcriptome sequencing technology, conducted transcriptome sequencing on larval samples of M. coruscus at five key developmental stages (Trocophore, D-veliger, Umbo, Pediveliger, and Post-larvae), identifying a total of 20 894 differentially expressed genes. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis and time-course difference analysis were performed on the differentially expressed genes, followed by joint analysis. Six key submodules conforming to specific temporal developmental patterns were selected, identifying a total of 2 395 genes. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis and protein network interaction analysis were conducted on genes within each submodule. Thirty hub genes related to the growth and development process of M. coruscus were identified, such as Fen1, Ndufab1b, Ndufs8a, Pcan, Rnaseh2a; Cdh1, Cacng4b, Cav1, Blm, Ryr1a; Mars1, Cdc42, Aasdh, Apoba, Cav1; Kif11, Cdc20, Ubc, Kif23, Cdc6; Ubc, Rps16, Rpl23, Rpsa, Rps27a; Cdc20, Setd2, Ssrp1a, Cav1, Rab8a. They playing major regulatory roles in larval development, including regulation of DNA replication and cell division processes, mitochondrial and ribosomal functions, and protein synthesis processes. This study explores the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of M. coruscus larval development at the transcriptome level, providing important theoretical guidance for studying functional genes in M. coruscus and subsequent molecular breeding practices aimed at cultivating new varieties with superior phenotypic traits.
Mytilus coruscus is renowned for its delicious taste and rich nutritional content, making it one of the significant economic shellfish along the coast of China. The critical period for M. coruscus seedling cultivation lies in its larval metamorphosis stage. However, the larval development of M. coruscus is a dynamic and complex process, involving the participation of numerous genes and various intricate biological processes. In this study, we based on high-throughput transcriptome sequencing technology, conducted transcriptome sequencing on larval samples of M. coruscus at five key developmental stages (Trocophore, D-veliger, Umbo, Pediveliger, and Post-larvae), identifying a total of 20 894 differentially expressed genes. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis and time-course difference analysis were performed on the differentially expressed genes, followed by joint analysis. Six key submodules conforming to specific temporal developmental patterns were selected, identifying a total of 2 395 genes. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis and protein network interaction analysis were conducted on genes within each submodule. Thirty hub genes related to the growth and development process of M. coruscus were identified, such as Fen1, Ndufab1b, Ndufs8a, Pcan, Rnaseh2a; Cdh1, Cacng4b, Cav1, Blm, Ryr1a; Mars1, Cdc42, Aasdh, Apoba, Cav1; Kif11, Cdc20, Ubc, Kif23, Cdc6; Ubc, Rps16, Rpl23, Rpsa, Rps27a; Cdc20, Setd2, Ssrp1a, Cav1, Rab8a. They playing major regulatory roles in larval development, including regulation of DNA replication and cell division processes, mitochondrial and ribosomal functions, and protein synthesis processes. This study explores the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of M. coruscus larval development at the transcriptome level, providing important theoretical guidance for studying functional genes in M. coruscus and subsequent molecular breeding practices aimed at cultivating new varieties with superior phenotypic traits.
2025, 47(7): 123-134.
doi: 10.12284/hyxb2025076
Abstract:
Scopimera globosa is a typical sediment-feeding filter-feeding crab, a common species in the intertidal zone. In recent years, its population has declined significantly, leading to its inclusion on the regional Red List. Currently, domestic and foreign scholars have focused on the biology and basic ecology of this species, and have obtained some basic cognition. The paper summarizes the biological characteristics and adaptive behaviors of this species, including feeding behavior, burrowing and domain behavior, reproduction behavior, population recruitment, and wandering behavior. The population dynamics of S. globosa are less affected by biological factors and are mainly affected by environmental factors, such as salinity, organic matter content, and sediment grain size. In contrast, biological factors have a relatively limited influence. Currently, research on the behavior of this species in different habitats is still scarce, especially in the species-environment relationship. Therefore, it is urgent to conduct systematic research on the relationship between the crab and its habitat, to deeply explore its ecological adaptation mechanisms, to provide scientific basis for the ecological protection of this species, and provide theoretical support for the conservation and habitat management of sympatric filter-feeding crabs.
Scopimera globosa is a typical sediment-feeding filter-feeding crab, a common species in the intertidal zone. In recent years, its population has declined significantly, leading to its inclusion on the regional Red List. Currently, domestic and foreign scholars have focused on the biology and basic ecology of this species, and have obtained some basic cognition. The paper summarizes the biological characteristics and adaptive behaviors of this species, including feeding behavior, burrowing and domain behavior, reproduction behavior, population recruitment, and wandering behavior. The population dynamics of S. globosa are less affected by biological factors and are mainly affected by environmental factors, such as salinity, organic matter content, and sediment grain size. In contrast, biological factors have a relatively limited influence. Currently, research on the behavior of this species in different habitats is still scarce, especially in the species-environment relationship. Therefore, it is urgent to conduct systematic research on the relationship between the crab and its habitat, to deeply explore its ecological adaptation mechanisms, to provide scientific basis for the ecological protection of this species, and provide theoretical support for the conservation and habitat management of sympatric filter-feeding crabs.
2025, 47(7): 109-122.
doi: 10.12284/hyxb2025088
Abstract:
Chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration in the ocean is an important indicator of the marine phytoplankton biomass and serves as a direct reflection of marine ecological and environmental changes. Accurate and efficient estimation of Chl a is essential for oceanographic research. Satellite remote sensing facilitates large-scale, high-frequency monitoring of Chl a, offering important support for understanding evolution of marine ecosystem. However, due to the complex bio-optical properties, remote sensing retrievals of Chl a in coastal, turbid waters are often uncertain, requiring the use of extensive in situ observations for validation and optimization. In this study, in situ Chl a observations from 45 cruises conducted between 2010 and 2023 were integrated with synchronous satellite remote sensing reflectance data to develop a machine learning (ML) model for estimating Chl a concentrations in the Huanghe River Estuary adjacent sea areas. The results demonstrate that, compared to traditional standard algorithms and previous regional models, ML algorithms achieve higher accuracy. Among ML models, the Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) model yielded the best performance (R2 = 0.62, RMSE = 0.21 mg/m3), effectively capturing the spatial temporal Chl a patterns of this area. The Chl a concentration in this sea area demonstrates a spatial pattern of nearshore areas being higher than offshore areas, with seasonal variation showing a distinct single-peak structure characterized by higher values in summer and lower values in winter. From 2003 to 2023, the average Chl a concentration increased at an annual rate of 0.02 mg/m3. This research advances remote sensing retrieval algorithms for Chl a concentration in coastal waters, expands the application of ML models, and provides both methodological and data supports for evaluating the marine ecological environment in the Huanghe River Estuary and its adjacent areas.
Chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration in the ocean is an important indicator of the marine phytoplankton biomass and serves as a direct reflection of marine ecological and environmental changes. Accurate and efficient estimation of Chl a is essential for oceanographic research. Satellite remote sensing facilitates large-scale, high-frequency monitoring of Chl a, offering important support for understanding evolution of marine ecosystem. However, due to the complex bio-optical properties, remote sensing retrievals of Chl a in coastal, turbid waters are often uncertain, requiring the use of extensive in situ observations for validation and optimization. In this study, in situ Chl a observations from 45 cruises conducted between 2010 and 2023 were integrated with synchronous satellite remote sensing reflectance data to develop a machine learning (ML) model for estimating Chl a concentrations in the Huanghe River Estuary adjacent sea areas. The results demonstrate that, compared to traditional standard algorithms and previous regional models, ML algorithms achieve higher accuracy. Among ML models, the Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) model yielded the best performance (R2 = 0.62, RMSE = 0.21 mg/m3), effectively capturing the spatial temporal Chl a patterns of this area. The Chl a concentration in this sea area demonstrates a spatial pattern of nearshore areas being higher than offshore areas, with seasonal variation showing a distinct single-peak structure characterized by higher values in summer and lower values in winter. From 2003 to 2023, the average Chl a concentration increased at an annual rate of 0.02 mg/m3. This research advances remote sensing retrieval algorithms for Chl a concentration in coastal waters, expands the application of ML models, and provides both methodological and data supports for evaluating the marine ecological environment in the Huanghe River Estuary and its adjacent areas.
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