Distribution characteristics and fluxes of nutrients in the rivers of the Beibu Gulf
-
摘要: 于2018年2月(枯水期)和8月(丰水期)对南流江、大风江、钦江、茅岭江和防城江等北部湾主要的入海河流开展调查，分析这些河流各形态营养盐的浓度特征及入海通量。结果表明，不同时期营养盐浓度差异较为明显，主要表现为枯水期防城江、茅岭江和钦江的营养盐浓度较丰水期高，而丰水期大风江和南流江的营养盐浓度高于枯水期，表明丰水期大风江和南流江污染较为严重。丰水期，
${\rm {NO}}_3^- $ 是溶解态无机氮的主要成分，但枯水期防城江和大风江${\rm {NH}}_4^+ $ 比例升高。根据径流量资料和河流营养盐浓度，估算出2018年北部湾入海河流的氮和磷的入海通量分别为1014607 t和47929 t，其中溶解态无机氮占总氮的77%，${\rm {PO}}_4^{3-} $ 占总磷的40%。丰水期，南流江营养盐入海通量总体较高，其次是大风江，防城江、茅岭江和钦江的营养盐入海通量相对较小。枯水期，受区域污染影响，不同河流营养盐的入海通量变化较大。与历史对比，北部湾河流的营养盐入海通量显著升高，表明河流营养盐输入的升高可能是北部湾近海水体富营养化加重的重要因素。北部湾河流不同时期氮和磷输入量的差异，可能会对北部湾近岸及邻近海域生态系统产生较大影响。Abstract: Observations were carried out at Nanliu River, Dafeng River, Qinjiang River, Maoling River and Fangcheng River in the Beibu Gulf to analyze the distribution characteristics and fluxes of nutrient in February (dry season) and August (flood season) 2018. The results showed that significantly variations of nutrient concentration were observed, and the nutrient concentrations in the Fangcheng River, Maoling River and Qinjiang River in the dry season were higher than that in the flood season, while the nutrient concentrations in the Dafeng River and Nanliu River in the flood season were higher than that in the dry season. Nitrate (${\rm {NO}}_3^- $ ) was the predominant species of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) during the flood season, while the${\rm {NH}}_4^+ $ content in the Fangcheng River and Dafeng River increased during the dry season. Based on the runoff data and nutrient concentration, the fluxes of nitrogen and phosphorus into the Beibu Gulf were calculated to be 1014607 tons and 47929 tons respectively in 2018, of which DIN accounted for 77% of total nitrogen and${\rm {PO}}_4^{3-} $ accounted for 40% of total phosphorus. During the flood river, higher nutrient fluxes were found in the Nanliu River, followed by Dafeng River, Fangcheng River, Maoling River and Qinjiang River. While in the dry season, the flux of nutrients from rivers to the coastal gulf changed significantly due to the influence of regional pollution. Compared with the historical data, the fluxes of nutrient into the coastal gulf increased significantly, which may be responsible for the increase of water eutrophication in the coastal Beibu Gulf. High and different terrestrial inputs transported by the rivers in northern Beibu Gulf may lead to an extensive impact on the ecological system of the Beibu Gulf.-
Key words:
- nutrients /
- nutrient fluxes /
- river /
- Beibu Gulf
-
图 1 广西北部湾入海河流及采样站位
Fig. 1 The coastal rivers in the Guangxi Beibu Gulf and the sampling stations
图 2 2018年防城江、茅岭江、钦江、南流江和大风江的月平均径流量变化
Fig. 2 Monthly average runoff of Fangcheng River, Maoling River, Qinjiang River, Nanliu River and Dafeng River in 2018
图 3 不同季节北部湾入海河流盐度变化状况
Fig. 3 Seasonal variations of salinity in the rivers of Beibu Gulf
图 4 不同季节北部湾入海河流营养盐分布状况
Fig. 4 Seasonal variations of nutrient concentration in the five rivers of Beibu Gulf
图 5 不同季节北部湾入海河流总磷（a）和总氮（b）分布状况
Fig. 5 Seasonal variations of TP and TN concentration in the five rivers of Beibu Gulf
图 6 不同时期北部湾入海河流氮磷比
Fig. 6 The seasonal variations of N/P ratio in the five rivers of Beibu Gulf
表 1 北部湾5条河流不同时期营养盐的入海通量
Tab. 1 Nutrient flux into Beibu Gulf through five rivers during the flood season and dry season
径流量/108 m3 DIN/t $ {{\rm {NH}}_4^+}$/t $ {{\rm {NO}}_2^- }$/t $ {{\rm {NO}}_3^- }$/t $ {{\rm {PO}}_4^{3-}} $/t TN/t TP/t 枯水期 防城江 70.45 11783 6527 314 4942 616 18669 2018 茅岭江 147.54 12900 2031 270 10598 3531 21000 4372 钦江 71.77 19065 4660 493 13911 333 26364 660 南流江 282.34 14277 8414 885 4979 58 65409 941 大风江 44.18 5361 1869 623 2869 118 11340 289 合计 616.28 63385 23501 2584 37299 4656 142781 8281 丰水期 防城江 471.8 39136 10733 613 27789 1132 43335 2949 茅岭江 738.44 49820 19027 3151 27642 3225 111160 6720 钦江 527.56 57873 9760 13629 34485 2427 116239 5451 南流江 1802.02 387807 91603 3075 293129 3370 411461 14350 大风江 515.77 181914 30121 1188 150605 4298 189631 10178 合计 4055.59 716550 161244 21656 533650 14451 871826 39648 总计 4671.87 779934 184745 24241 570949 19108 1014607 47929 
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] Diaz R J, Rosenberg R. Spreading dead zones and consequences for marine ecosystems[J]. Science, 2008, 321(5891): 926−929. doi: 10.1126/science.1156401 [2] Yan Xiuli, Xu M N, Wan X S, et al. Dual isotope measurements reveal zoning of nitrate processing in the summer Changjiang (Yangtze) River plume[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2017, 44(24): 12289−12297. doi: 10.1002/2017GL075951 [3] Yang Zhi, Chen Jianfang, Li Hongliang, et al. Sources of nitrate in Xiangshan Bay (China), as identified using nitrogen and oxygen isotopes[J]. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2018, 207: 109−118. doi: 10.1016/j.ecss.2018.02.019 [4] 陈沛沛, 刘素美, 张桂玲, 等. 黄河下游营养盐浓度、入海通量月变化及“人造洪峰”的影响[J]. 海洋学报, 2013, 35(2): 59−71.Chen Peipei, Liu Sumei, Zhang Guiling, et al. Monthly variation of nutrient concentrations and fluxes in the lower Huanghe River: under the influence of artifical floods[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2013, 35(2): 59−71. [5] Ye Feng, Jia Guodong, Xie Luhua, et al. Isotope constraints on seasonal dynamics of dissolved and particulate N in the Pearl River Estuary, South China[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 2016, 121(12): 8689−8705. [6] Lao Qibin, Chen Fajin, Liu Guoqiang, et al. Isotopic evidence for the shift of nitrate sources and active biological transformation on the western coast of Guangdong Province, South China[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2019, 142: 603−612. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.04.026 [7] 颜秀利, 翟惟东, 洪华生, 等. 九龙江口营养盐的分布、通量及其年代际变化[J]. 科学通报, 2012, 57(17): 1575−1587. doi: 10.1360/csb2012-57-17-1575Yan Xiuli, Zhai Weidong, Hong Huasheng, et al. Distribution, fluxes and decadal changes of nutrients in the Jiulong River Estuary, Southwest Taiwan Strait[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2012, 57(17): 1575−1587. doi: 10.1360/csb2012-57-17-1575 [8] Chai Chao, Yu Zhiming, Song Xiuxian, et al. The status and characteristics of eutrophication in the Yangtze River (Changjiang) Estuary and the adjacent East China Sea, China[J]. Hydrobiologia, 2006, 563(1): 313−328. doi: 10.1007/s10750-006-0021-7 [9] Halpern B S, Walbridge S, Selkoe K A, et al. A global map of human impact on marine ecosystems[J]. Science, 2008, 319(5865): 948−952. doi: 10.1126/science.1149345 [10] Chen Fajin, Chen Jianfang, Jia Guodong, et al. Nitrate δ15N and δ18O evidence for active biological transformation in the Changjiang Estuary and the adjacent East China Sea[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2013, 32(4): 11−17. doi: 10.1007/s13131-013-0294-4 [11] 袁涌铨, 吕旭宁, 吴在兴, 等. 北部湾典型海域关键环境因子的时空分布与影响因素[J]. 海洋与湖沼, 2019, 50(3): 579−589.Yuan Yongquan, Lü Xuning, Wu Zaixing, et al. Temporal and spatial distribution of main environmental factors in typical sea area of the Beibu Gulf and its influencing factors[J]. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, 2019, 50(3): 579−589. [12] Kaushal S S, Groffman P M, Band L E, et al. Interaction between urbanization and climate variability amplifies watershed nitrate export in maryland[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2008, 42(16): 5872−5878. [13] 贺成, 徐沙, 宋书群, 等. 北部湾北部海域水体异养细菌的时空分布特征研究[J]. 海洋学报, 2019, 41(4): 94−108.He Cheng, Xu Sha, Song Shuqun, et al. The spatial-temporal distributions of heterotrophic bacteria in seawater of the northern Beibu Gulf[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2019, 41(4): 94−108. [14] Lai Junxiang, Jiang Fajun, Ke Ke, et al. Nutrients distribution and trophic status assessment in the northern Beibu Gulf, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 2014, 32(5): 1128−1144. doi: 10.1007/s00343-014-3199-y [15] Kaiser D, Unger D, Qiu Guanglong. Particulate organic matter dynamics in coastal systems of the northern Beibu Gulf[J]. Continental Shelf Research, 2014, 82: 99−118. doi: 10.1016/j.csr.2014.04.006 [16] Lao Qibin, Su Qizhong, Liu Guoqiang, et al. Spatial distribution of and historical changes in heavy metals in the surface seawater and sediments of the Beibu Gulf, China[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2019, 146: 427−434. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.06.080 [17] Liu Guoqiang, Lao Qibin, Su Qizhong, et al. Spatial and seasonal characteristics of dissolved heavy metals in the aquaculture areas of Beibu Gulf, South China[J]. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 2020, 26(7): 1957−1969. doi: 10.1080/10807039.2019.1629273 [18] 杨静, 张仁铎, 赵庄明, 等. 近25年广西北部湾海域营养盐时空分布特征[J]. 生态环境学报, 2015, 24(9): 1493−1498.Yang Jing, Zhang Renduo, Zhao Zhuangming, et al. Temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of nutrients in the coastal seawater of Guangxi Beibu Gulf during the past 25 years[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2015, 24(9): 1493−1498. [19] 张志锋, 王燕, 韩庚辰, 等. 北部湾沉积物中重金属元素的地球化学特征及物源初探[J]. 海洋学报, 2013, 35(2): 72−81.Zhang Zhifeng, Wang Yan, Han Gengchen, et al. The geochemical characteristics and the source of heavy metals in sediment for the Beibu Gulf[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2013, 35(2): 72−81. [20] 李斌, 谭趣孜, 李蕾鲜, 等. 2014年北部湾主要河流污染状况及污染物入海通量[J]. 广西科学, 2018, 25(2): 172−180.Li Bin, Tan Quzi, Li Leixian, et al. The research on contaminative conditions and pollutants fluxing into sea of major rivers in Guangxi Beibu Gulf in 2014[J]. Guangxi Sciences, 2018, 25(2): 172−180. [21] De Wit M, Bendoricchio G. Nutrient fluxes in the Po basin[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2001, 273(1/3): 147−161. [22] Lee C S, Chang C H, Wen C G, et al. Comprehensive nonpoint source pollution models for a free-range chicken farm in a rural watershed in Taiwan[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2010, 139(1/2): 23−32. [23] 刘洁, 郭占荣, 袁晓婕, 等. 胶州湾周边河流溶解态营养盐的时空变化及入海通量[J]. 环境化学, 2014, 33(2): 262−268. doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2014.02.014Liu Jie, Guo Zhanrong, Yuan Xiaojie, et al. Temporal and spatial variation of nutrients in the rivers around Jiaozhou Bay and its fluxes into the sea[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2014, 33(2): 262−268. doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2014.02.014 [24] Chen Fajin, Jia Guodong, Chen Jianyao. Nitrate sources and watershed denitrification inferred from nitrate dual isotopes in the Beijiang River, South China[J]. Biogeochemistry, 2009, 94(2): 163−174. doi: 10.1007/s10533-009-9316-x [25] 陈法锦, 劳齐斌, 卞培旺, 等. 湖光岩玛珥湖水体中营养盐的时空分布特征及其影响因素[J]. 湖泊科学, 2018, 30(6): 1693−1706. doi: 10.18307/2018.0621Chen Fajin, Lao Qibin, Bian Peiwang, et al. Spatial and temporal distributions of nutrients and their influencing factors in the Huguangyan Maar Lake[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences, 2018, 30(6): 1693−1706. doi: 10.18307/2018.0621 [26] Zhou Fengxia, Gao Xuelu, Zhang Yong, et al. Potential mobility of inorganic nutrients and its controls at the sediment-water interface in the main path of Kuroshio Current off eastern Taiwan[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2017, 119(1): 270−276. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.04.002 [27] 赖俊翔, 柯珂, 姜发军, 等. 广西钦州湾及邻近海域营养盐特征与富营养化评价[J]. 海洋环境科学, 2013, 32(6): 860−866.Lai Junxiang, Ke Ke, Jiang Fajun, et al. Nutrient distribution and eutrophication assessment in Qinzhou Bay and its adjacent areas, Guangxi, China[J]. Marine Environmental Science, 2013, 32(6): 860−866. [28] Hodgkiss I J, Ho K C. Are changes in N: P ratios in coastal waters the key to increased red tide blooms?[J]. Hydrobiologia, 1997, 352(1/3): 141−147. doi: 10.1023/A:1003046516964 [29] 姜发军, 赖俊翔, 庄军莲, 等. 2010年秋季北部湾广西沿岸表层浮游植物分布特征[J]. 海洋环境科学, 2013, 32(3): 414−418, 423.Jiang Fajun, Lai Junxiang, Zhuang Junlian, et al. Phytoplankton distribution characteristics of Guangxi Beibu Gulf coast in the autumn of 2010[J]. Marine Environmental Science, 2013, 32(3): 414−418, 423. [30] 范海梅, 蒋晓山, 纪焕红, 等. 长江口及其邻近海域生态环境综合评价[J]. 生态学报, 2019, 39(13): 4660−4675.Fan Haimei, Jiang Xiaoshan, Ji Huanhong, et al. Integrated evaluation of the marine ecological environment in the Yangtze River Estuary and its adjacent area[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2019, 39(13): 4660−4675. [31] 骆鑫, 蓝文陆, 李天深, 等. 钦州湾春、夏季浮游植物群落特征及其与环境因子的关系[J]. 生态学报, 2019, 39(7): 2603−2613.Luo Xin, Lan Wenlu, Li Tianshen, et al. Distribution of phytoplankton and its relationship with environmental factors in the Qinzhou Bay in spring and summer[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2019, 39(7): 2603−2613. [32] 庄军莲, 姜发军, 许铭本, 等. 钦州湾茅尾海周年环境因子及浮游植物群落特征[J]. 广西科学, 2012, 19(3): 263−267. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-9164.2012.03.017Zhuang Junlian, Jiang Fajun, Xu Mingben, et al. Annual change of environmental factors and phytoplankton community characteristics in Maowei Sea of Qinzhou Bay[J]. Guangxi Sciences, 2012, 19(3): 263−267. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-9164.2012.03.017 -
点击查看大图
图(6) / 表(1)
计量
- 文章访问数: 579
- HTML全文浏览量: 138
- PDF下载量: 77
- 被引次数: 0
