台风“利奇马”对山东省海阳市海滩演化过程的影响

高伟; 李萍; 高珊; 田梓文; 李兵; 刘杰; 徐元芹

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.11.009

台风“利奇马”对山东省海阳市海滩演化过程的影响

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.11.009

高伟^{1, 2,},
李萍^{1, 2, ,},
高珊^{1, 2},
田梓文³,
李兵⁴,
刘杰^{1, 2},
徐元芹^{1, 2}

1.
自然资源部第一海洋研究所自然资源部海洋地质与成矿作用重点实验室，山东青岛 266061
2.
青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋地质过程与环境功能实验室，山东青岛 266237
3.
自然资源部第一海洋研究所海岸带科学与海洋发展战略研究中心, 山东青岛 266061
4.
自然资源部海岛研究中心，福建平潭 350400

基金项目: 山东省重大科技创新工程专项（2018SDKJ0503-3）；国家自然科学基金（41206054）；国家基金委−山东省联合基金（U1606401）。

详细信息

作者简介:
高伟（1983-），男，山东省阳信县人，副研究员，主要从事海洋地质与灾害地质研究。E-mail：gaoweigeo@fio.org.cn

通讯作者:
李萍（1972-），女，内蒙古赤峰市人，研究员，主要从事海洋地质灾害与环境工程研究。E-mail：liping@fio.org.cn

中图分类号: P737.1
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-02-27
- 修回日期: 2020-05-07
- 网络出版日期: 2020-12-03
- 刊出日期: 2020-11-25

Response process of the Haiyang Beach evolution to Typhoon Lekima in Shandong Province

Gao Wei^{1, 2
,},
Li Ping^{1, 2
, ,},
Gao Shan^{1, 2},
Tian Ziwen³,
Li Bing⁴,
Liu Jie^{1, 2},
Xu Yuanqin^{1, 2}

1.
Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Metallogeny, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
2.
Laboratory for Marine Geology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
3.
Coastal Science and Marine Policy Center, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
4.
Island Research Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Pingtan 350400, China

摘要

摘要: 通过无人机和滩面高程监测等技术手段，获取了1909号台风“利奇马”过境山东省海阳市前后的海滩监测数据，分析海滩在台风前后的整体形态和剖面冲淤变化，探讨了海滩演化对台风的响应规律。结果表明，台风过境后海滩整体形态以风成沙丘面积略有扩大、高−中潮带滩面发生下蚀和微地貌消失等现象为主。台风对海滩的影响以侵蚀为主，造成了约2.43×10⁴ m³的侵蚀量，且主要发生在高潮带滩面；风成沙丘以弱淤积为主，但部分岸段发生严重冲蚀；后滨则受大风和冲越流携沙堆积后以弱淤积为主；中低潮带冲淤主要受其滩面坡度控制，表现为高坡度滩面冲蚀，低坡度滩面弱淤积，且台风过后形成多个小型水下沙坝。整体而言，台风“利奇马”对山东海阳海滩演化造成一定的影响，沉积物收支愈发亏损，进一步加重了海阳海滩的侵蚀程度。
- 利奇马 /
- 海阳 /
- 海滩演化 /
- 海岸侵蚀
Abstract: By using the beach monitoring technologies such as Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and elevation monitoring equipment, the monitoring data of Haiyang beach before and after Typhoon Lekima (No.1909) were obtained, the morphology changes, erosion and accretion variation of beach profiles during Typhoon Lekima landing were analyzed, and the response of beach evolution to the typhoon was discussed. The result shows that beach morphology evolution after the typhoon is mainly including the expansion of the aeolian dune area, erosion of the beach surface in the high-middle tidal zone, micro-topography disappearance and so on. The typhoon mainly affected the beach by erosion, resulting in an erosion volume about 2.43×10⁴ m³, which mainly occurred on the high tide zone. The aeolian dunes were weakly silted, but some of them were eroded seriously. The backshore was weakly silted because of sand deposition from strong wind and alluvial flow. In the middle and low tide zones, beach morphology changes were mainly controlled by the beach surfaces lope, which was manifested as erosion with high slope, weak deposition with low slope, and several small sandbanks formed after the typhoon. On the whole, the typhoon impacts on the beach evolution mainly lead to the sediment budget deficit, and further exacerbated the erosion of Haiyang beach.
- Typhoon Lekima /
- Haiyang City /
- beach evolution /
- beach erosion

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图 1 研究区位置和台风“利奇马”路径

Fig. 1 Location of study area and Typhoon Lekima track

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图 2 台风“利奇马”过境期间研究区风向变化

Fig. 2 Changes of wind directions during Typhoon Lekima landing

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图 3 台风“利奇马”过境期间海阳海域实测潮位与增水过程（千里岩验潮站）

Fig. 3 Hourly tide height process and high tide water at Haiyang area during Typhoon Lekima landing (tide gauge station: Qianliyan)

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图 4 东村河口西南侧海滩台风前后变化

Fig. 4 Beach changing after typhoon in the southwestern of Dongcun Estuary

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图 5 台风“利奇马”前后侵蚀陡坎变化

Fig. 5 Changes of erosion scarp after Typhoon Lekima

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图 6 东村河口东北侧海滩台风前后变化

Fig. 6 Beach changing after typhoon in the northeastern of Dongcun Estuary

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图 7 台风“利奇马”前后P01至P04海滩剖面变化情况

Fig. 7 Changes of beach profiles (P01−P04) after Typhoon Lekima

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图 8 台风“利奇马”前后P05至P08海滩剖面变化情况

Fig. 8 Changes of beach profiles (P05−P08) after Typhoon Lekima

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图 9 台风“利奇马”前后P09至P12海滩剖面变化情况

Fig. 9 Changes of beach profiles (P09−P12) after Typhoon Lekima

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图 10 P10剖面台风后剖面形态

Fig. 10 Profile shape of P10 after typhoon

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图 11 P12剖面附近的沙丘冲蚀严重

Fig. 11 Serious erosion of sand dunes nearby profile P12

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图 12 台风“利奇马”对海阳海滩的作用过程示意图

Fig. 12 Sketch map of the response process of the Haiyang Beach evolution to Typhoon Lekima

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图 13 高潮带滩面坡度与单宽侵蚀量之间的关系

Fig. 13 Relationship between the slope and the erosion amount in the high tide zone

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表 1 台风前后海阳海滩形态参数变化

Tab. 1 Parameters changes of beach morphology after Typhoon Lekima

剖面	高潮带滩面坡度/(°)			中低潮带滩面坡度/(°)			平均坡度/(°)			单宽体积变化/m³·m⁻¹				最大下蚀/m		最大淤积/m
剖面	前	后	变化	前	后	变化	前	后	变化	后滨	高潮带	中低潮带	平均	下蚀量	位置	淤积量	位置
P01	1.07	1.48	0.41	0.62	0.64	0.02	0.66	0.72	0.06	0	0.27	14.78	15.05	0.22	沙坝间沟槽	0.40	沙坝
P02	4.68	5.50	0.82	1.09	1.11	0.02	1.64	1.57	−0.07	4.58	−1.31	−9.19	−5.92	0.40	中潮带	0.33	坡脚
P03	5.57	6.59	1.02	6.15	0.84	−5.31	2.21	1.86	−0.35	/	−3.94	−11.20	−15.14	0.41	中潮带	0.62	低潮带
P04	7.35	7.32	−0.03	1.37	1.13	−0.24	2.59	2.11	−0.48	/	−8.12	−4.42	−12.54	1.05	高潮带	0.60	低潮带
P05	7.44	6.00	−1.44	1.26	1.18	−0.08	1.36	1.34	−0.02	0.14	1.24	7.72	9.10	0.47	中潮带	0.77	低潮带
P06	3.80	5.08	1.28	0.87	0.95	0.08	1.10	1.33	0.23	0.31	−0.41	7.27	7.17	0.32	高潮带	0.30	中潮带
P07	8.31	10.03	1.72	0.41	0.63	0.22	0.98	1.69	0.71	/	−21.29	8.07	−13.22	0.62	沙坝间沟槽	0.73	沙坝
P08	5.41	6.05	0.64	0.33	0.23	−0.1	2.11	2.06	−0.05	2.95	−3.08	7.90*	7.76*	0.19*	滩肩下部	0.43	滩肩
P09	8.20	7.08	−1.12	0.63	1.18	0.55	3.81	3.30	−0.51	/	−5.28	3.82	−1.46	0.35	滩肩下部	0.35	坡脚
P10	6.32	7.86	1.54	0.36	1.17	0.81	3.12	3.06	−0.06	3.54	−11.22	8.75	1.07	0.25	滩肩下部	0.46	坡脚
P11	4.78	4.97	0.19	1.00	/	/	2.41	2.36	−0.05	3.81	−10.27	5.36	−1.10	0.50	滩肩下部	0.76	坡脚
P12	6.79	7.58	0.79	0.67	0.68	0.01	2.77	2.82	0.05	/	−7.41	0.48	−6.93	0.86	滩肩下部	0.26	坡脚
注：/表示无数据，*表示由于台风后高潮带下坡脚处潮流通道水深加大（图6d），RTK无法通过测量，因此该数值存在误差，实际坡脚下侵蚀量更大。

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