The relationship between distribution of fish abundance and environmental factors in the outer waters of the Zhoushan Islands
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摘要: 根据2018年4月（春季）和10月（秋季）在舟山群岛外海域进行的渔业资源调查资料，分析了鱼类的种类组成、数量分布和优势种，并用典范对应分析方法分析了其与水文环境之间的关系。结果表明，舟山群岛外海域鱼类有106种，隶属于12目47科80属，春、秋季鱼类质量密度分别为210.50 kg/km2和829.06 kg/km2，尾数密度分别为8.08×103 ind/km2和165.94×103 ind/km2。春季鱼类资源密度在调查海域的西北部较高，东部较低，而秋季鱼类资源密度在东部海域较高，西北部海域较低。两个季节的鱼类优势种更替明显，春季优势种为黄鮟鱇（Lophius litulon）、日本红娘鱼（Lepidotrigla japonica）、细条天竺鲷（Apogon lineatus），秋季为细条天竺鲷、日本发光鲷（Acropom japonicum）。鱼类种数呈现显著的季节和空间变化，但是都以西部以及西北部靠近近岸岛屿的海域种类数较高，大部分鱼类栖息在50～80 m水深海域。典范对应分析结果表明，表层温度、底层温度、表层盐度是影响调查海域鱼类种类组成和数量分布的主要环境因子。Abstract: Based on the fishery resources survey data in the outer waters of the Zhoushan Islands in April (spring) and October (autumn) 2018, the composition, quantity distribution and dominant species of fishes were analyzed, and the relationship between them and hydrological environment was analyzed by the CCA method. The results showed that there were 106 species of fish in the waters outside Zhoushan Islands, belonging to 12 orders, 47 families and 80 genera. The fish mass densities in spring and autumn are 210.50 kg/km2 and 829.06 kg/km2 respectively, and the abundance densities are 8.08×103 ind/km2 and 165.94×103 ind/km2 respectively. The density of fish resources in spring is higher in the northwest sea area and lower in the east sea area of the investigated sea area, while the density of fish resources in autumn is higher in the east sea area and lower in the northwest sea area. The dominant species of fish change substantially between the two seasons. The dominant species in spring and autumn were Lophius litulon、Lepidotrig lajaponica、Apogon lineatus and Apogon lineatus、Acropom japonicum. The number of fish species showed significant seasonal and spatial changes, and the number of fish species is higher in the west and northwest near the coastal islands, with most fishes inhabiting in waters with water depth of 50−80 m. The results showed that the spatial and temporal separations of fish communities were obtained from CCA analysis. Surface temperature, bottom temperature and surface salinity were the key environmental factors that affected the composition and quantity distribution of fish species in the sea area under investigation. The strong correlation between fish community and environmental factors reflected the climate change effect on the separation of fish species.
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Key words:
- species composition /
- environmental factors /
- resource density /
- CCA
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图 2 舟山外海域春（a）、秋（b）季鱼类站位环境因子的CCA排序
Fig. 2 The distribution CCA sort of fish stance and environmental factors in the outer waters of the Zhoushan Islands in spring (a) and autumn (b)
图 3 舟山群岛外海域春、秋季鱼类质量密度分布
Fig. 3 Distribution of fish by weight density in the outer waters of the Zhoushan Islands in spring and autumn
图 4 舟山群岛外海域春、秋季鱼类尾数密度分布
Fig. 4 Distribution of fish by individual density in the outer waters of the Zhoushan Islands in spring and autumn
图 5 舟山群岛外海域春季优势种尾数密度分布
Fig. 5 Distribution of fish by individual density in the outer waters of the Zhoushan Islands in spring
图 6 舟山群岛外海域秋季鱼类优势种尾数密度分布
Fig. 6 Distribution of fish by in the outer waters of the Zhoushan Islands in autumn
图 7 舟山群岛外海域春、秋季鱼类种数分布
Fig. 7 The distribution of fish species in the outer waters of the Zhoushan Islands in spring and autumn
表 1 舟山群岛外海域春、秋季鱼类组成及优势种
Tab. 1 The composition and dominant species of fish in spring and autumn in the outer waters of the Zhoushan Islands
种类 春季 秋季 N/% W/% F/% IRI N/% W/% F/% IRI 星康吉鳗Conger myriaster − − − − − 0.02 14.29 0.27 拟穴奇鳗Alloconger anagoides − − − − 0.03 0.25 28.57 5.8 短吻吻鳗Phynchoconger brevirostris 0.02 0.04 7.14 0.32 − − − − 黑尾吻鳗Phynchoconger ectenurus 0.06 0.12 7.14 0.92 0.58 0.06 14.29 6.55 海鳗Muraenesox cinereus 0.13 2.18 28.57 47.21 0.06 1.02 64.29 49.52 网纹裸胸鳝Gymnothorax reticularis − − − − 0.61 − 7.14 3.1 野蜥鳗Saurenchelys fierasfer 0.22 0.25 21.43 7.14 − − − − 丝尾草鳗Chlopsis fierasfer − − − − − − 7.14 0.02 前肛鳗Dysomma anguillaris 0.61 1.4 14.29 20.48 0.01 0.03 7.14 0.17 尖尾蛇鳗Ophichthus apicalis − − − − − − 7.14 0.01 食蟹豆齿鳗 Pisoodonophis cancrivorus 0.26 0.23 14.29 5.02 1.91 2.92 78.57 271.26 鳀Engraulis japonicus − − − − 0.01 0.02 14.29 0.32 黄鲫Setipnna taty 0.17 0.11 14.29 2.9 0.01 0.08 35.71 2.34 赤鼻棱鳀Thrissa kammakensis 0.43 0.09 28.57 10.74 − − − − 凤鲚Coilia mystus 1.65 0.53 21.43 33.25 − − − − 花斑蛇鲻Saurida undosquamis − − − − 0.17 0.03 21.43 3.03 长蛇鲻Saurida elongate 0.19 0.71 21.43 13.91 0.01 0.36 7.14 1.89 龙头鱼Harpodon nehereus 7.97 5.68 64.29 626.89 2.95 4.21 57.14 292.32 七星底灯鱼Benthosema pterotum 1.10 0.03 35.71 28.85 0.22 0.02 57.14 9.91 仙鼬鳚Sirembo imberbis − − − − 0.01 0.04 7.14 0.26 新鳚Neobythites sivicola 0.02 − 7.14 0.12 0.23 − 7.14 1.18 日本犀鳕Bregmaceros japonicas 0.24 0.01 21.43 3.86 − − − − 麦氏犀鳕Bregmaceros macclellandii − − − − 0.7 0.12 50 29.3 多棘腔吻鳕Coelorinchus multispinulosus − − − − − 0.02 7.14 0.1 中间腔吻鳕Coelorinchus intermedius 0.02 − 7.14 0.13 − − − − 黄鮟鱇Lophius litulon 1.3 25.05 71.43 1344.4 − − − − 黑鮟鱇Lophiomus setigerus 2.51 1.79 71.43 219.53 − − − − 带纹躄鱼Antennarius striatus − − − − 0.07 0.16 35.71 5.76 刺冠海龙Corythoichthys crenulatus 0.26 0.01 35.71 6.99 − − 7.14 0.01 刺海马Hippocampus histrix − − − − 0.01 0.01 14.29 0.11 褐菖鲉Sebastiscus marmoratus 0.11 0.01 7.14 0.61 0.02 0.03 21.43 0.69 日本红娘鱼Lepidotrigla japonica 17.42 1.32 78.57 1 051.64 0.06 0.25 14.29 3.18 短鳍红娘鱼Lepidotrigla microptera − − − − − 0.02 7.14 0.12 绿鳍鱼 Chelidonichthys kumu − − − − 0.03 0.39 21.43 6.41 
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表 2 舟山群岛外海域不同水深鱼类种类组成和站点分布
Tab. 2 Different water depths with fish species composition and survey stations in the outer waters of the Zhoushan Islands
季节 水深 <50 m 50～80 m >80 m 春季 31 57 20 秋季 50 75 28 合计 64 96 40 站位 9、11、14 1、2、5、6、7、8、9、10、12、13 3
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