Indication of lipid biomarkers in sediment records for the Qiongdong Upwelling intensity and preliminary study of it's controlling factors
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摘要: 本文对海南岛东部上升流边缘区域(S5站位)和上升流中心区域(S10站位)两根沉积柱进行了正构烷烃和脂肪酸的分析，结合有机碳含量、粒径、碳稳定同位素(δ13C)等参数综合分析其有机质来源与降解特征，并利用脂肪酸硅藻丰度参数∑C16∶∑C18重建了研究区域上升流强度年际变化。研究结果表明：S10站位处于上升流中心附近，粒径较粗，以砂为主；S5站位处于上升流边缘区域，粒径较细，以粉砂为主；两站位柱样δ13C值和长短链脂肪酸比值(∑C20−:0/∑C20+:0)显示有机质均以海源输入为主，S10站位有机质降解程度大于S5站位。脂肪酸中硅藻丰度参数和浮游植物脂肪酸占比指示了S10站位初级生产力高于S5，并利用∑C16∶∑C18指征了研究区域上升流强度及年际变化趋势。上升流强度在1925−1950年，1950−1980年和1980−2008年间表现为弱、强、弱的趋势，与太平洋年代际振荡(Pacific Decadal oscillator，PDO)年际变化趋势一致；推测厄尔尼诺−南方涛动(El Niño-Southern Oscillation，ENSO)在短时间尺度上可能对上升流强度有一定调节作用，但长时间尺度上可能主要受PDO调节作用。Abstract: The n-alkanes
and fatty acids were analyzed in two sediment cores at the upwelling edge region (Station S5) and center area (Station S10) of eastern Hainan Island, the source and degradation characteristics of organic matter were comprehensively analyzed by combining organic carbon content, particle size, carbon stable isotope (δ13C) and other parameters. The interannual variation of upwelling intensity in the study area was reconstructed using the diatom abundance parameter ∑16∶∑18 of fatty acids. The grain size results show that Station S10 is located near the center of upwelling, with coarse grain size and mainly sand; Station S5 is located at the edge of upwelling, with fine grain size and mainly silt. The δ13C and fatty acids parameter (∑C20-:0/∑C20+:0) of the two stations show that both stations are dominated by marine source input. The degradation degree of organic matter in Station S10 is greater than that in Station S5 . The diatom abundance parameters of fatty acids and the percentage of phytoplankton fatty acid indicate the primary productivity of Station S10 is higher than Station S5, and ∑C16∶∑C18 is used to indicate the interannual variation of the intensities of the upwelling in the study area; the upwelling intensity shows weak, strong, and weak signals between 1925−1950, 1950−1980, and 1980−2008. It is consistent with the interdecadal trend of Pacific Decadal Oscillation. El Niño-Southern Oscillation may regulate the upwelling intensity in a short time scale, while in a long time scale, it may be mainly regulated by Pacific Decadal Oscillation. -
Key words:
- biomarkers /
- Qiongdong Upwelling /
- degradation /
- upwelling intensity
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图 2 S5与S10站位粒径，有机碳含量（COC），总正构烷烃（T-ALK）和总脂肪酸含量（TFA）随深度变化剖面图
Fig. 2 The grain size，organic carbon content (COC)，total n-alkanes (T-ALK) and total fatty acids (TFA) profiles with depth in Station S5 and Station S10
图 3 S10站位典型正构烷烃（a）和脂肪酸（b）谱图
Fig. 3 Typical n-alkanes spectra (a) and fatty acids spectra (b) of Station S10
图 4 S5与S10站位TFA/T-ALK和HMW(n-FA/n-ALK)值随深度分布剖面图
Fig. 4 TFA/T-ALK and HMW(n-FA/n-ALK) values profiles with depth in Station S5 and Station S10
图 5 S5与S10站位不同来源脂肪酸比例在表层、底层和整根柱子平均值的分布
Fig. 5 Proportion of different source fatty acids at stations S5 and S10 on the surface, bottom, and average values of the core
图 6 S5与S10站位浮游植物脂肪酸百分含量和∑C16:∑C18值随深度变化剖面图
Fig. 6 The phytoplankton fatty acid proportion and ∑C16:∑C18 values profiles with depth in Station S5 and Station S10
图 7 PDO指数、∑C16:∑C18、上升流指数和珊瑚中Cu含量年际变化
上升流指数引自刘羿等[2]；PDO指数数据来源于网站http://research.jisao.washington.edu/pdo/PDO.latest；珊瑚中Cu含量引自Chen等[15]；两块灰色区域（1925−1942年和1976−2008年）表示在该时间段内厄尔尼诺盛行，中间白色段表示拉尼娜现象盛行
Fig. 7 Interannual variation of PDO index, ∑C16:∑C18, upwelling index and Cu content in corals
The upwelling index was modified from Liu et al.[2]; PDO index data from the website http://research.jisao.washington.edu/pdo/PDO.latest; Cu content in corals is modified from Chen et al.[15]; two gray areas（1925−1942 and 1976−2008）indicating that El Niño-like conditions that prevailed; the middle white area indicates the prevalence of La Niña-like condition
表 1 S5与S10站位T-ALK、TFA、HMW(n-FA/n-ALK)与δ13C值
Tab. 1 T-ALK, TFA, HMW(n-FA/n-ALK) and δ13C values in Station S5 and Stations S10
T-ALK/mg·g−1 TFA/mg·g−1 HMW(n-FA/n-ALK) δ13C /‰ 脂肪酸∑C20−:0/∑C20+:0 S5站位 S10站位 S5站位 S10站位 S5站位 S10站位 S5站位 S10站位 S5站位 S10站位 表层 0.10 0.28 3.07 1.70 10.35 2.05 −22.0 −21.6 2.67 2.56 底层 0.16 0.36 5.75 0.98 13.66 0.20 −22.1 −22.2 3.98 2.79 整柱平均值 0.36 0.76 4.77 1.50 7.70 1.28 −22.0 −22.2 4.20 3.28 注：表层均为0～1 cm层，S5站位底层为18～19 cm层，S10站位底层为16～17 cm层。 
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