热带东印度洋春季浮游植物群落结构空间特征分析

孙萍; 李艳; 潘玉龙; 韦钦胜; 袁超; 张学雷; 王宗灵

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.08.011

热带东印度洋春季浮游植物群落结构空间特征分析

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.08.011

孙萍^{1, 2, 3,},
李艳^{2, 3, ,},
潘玉龙⁴,
韦钦胜^{2, 3},
袁超^{2, 3},
张学雷^{2, 3},
王宗灵^{2, 3}

1.
中国海洋大学环境科学与工程学院，山东青岛 266100
2.
自然资源部第一海洋研究所海洋生态环境科学与技术重点实验室，山东青岛 266061
3.
青岛海洋科学与技术国家试点实验室海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室，山东青岛 266237
4.
国家海洋局北海环境监测中心，山东青岛 266033

基金项目: 全球变化与海气相互作用专项（GASI-03-01-03-03，GASI-02-IND-STSspr）；大洋“十三五”资源环境项目（DY135-E2-4）；国家自然科学基金青年基金项目（41506191）。

详细信息

作者简介:
孙萍（1981-），女，辽宁省海城市人，助理研究员，主要从事浮游植物生理与生态学研究。E-mail：sunping@fio.org.cn

通讯作者:
李艳（1974-），副研究员，主要从事浮游植物生态学研究。E-mail：liyan@fio.org.cn

中图分类号: Q178.53；Q948
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-10-23
- 修回日期: 2020-01-08
- 网络出版日期: 2020-11-18
- 刊出日期: 2020-08-25

Spatial structure characteristics of phytoplankton communities in the tropical eastern Indian Ocean in spring

Sun Ping^{1, 2, 3
,},
Li Yan^{2, 3
, ,},
Pan Yulong⁴,
Wei Qingsheng^{2, 3},
Yuan Chao^{2, 3},
Zhang Xuelei^{2, 3},
Wang Zongling^{2, 3}

1.
College of Marine Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
3.
Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
4.
North China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266033, China

摘要

摘要: 基于2013年3月至5月采集的热带东印度洋海域(10.0°S～4.0°N, 83.0°～97.5°E)浮游植物水样样品，分析了其种类组成、优势类群、细胞丰度等群落特征参数，综合比较了水平和垂向上浮游植物种类及丰度的差异性，初步探讨了其成因。结果表明：2013年春季热带东印度洋微型浮游植物共鉴定出306种，主要由硅藻、甲藻、金藻、蓝藻、裸藻和隐藻六大门类组成，其优势类群主要以粒径较小的隐藻、微型甲藻、菱形藻、环沟藻等为主。水平分布上，各水层浮游植物细胞丰度分布趋势相似，但斑块特征明显，其高值区位于88°E断面赤道以南次表层水域(30 m、75 m)，局部区域细胞丰度值可达10⁴ cells/L以上；与其毗邻的东南部、东部水域为低值区，并向赤道延伸。垂直剖面上，硅藻和甲藻广泛分布在各取样深度，但分布特征有明显的空间差异和规律，0 m、30 m大部分站位硅藻种类比例在0.2～0.3甚至更低，甲藻在0.7～0.8，随着水层加深(75 m、100 m、150 m、300 m)，硅藻种类占比上升到0.5～0.6，甲藻降低到0.4～0.5，无论硅藻还是甲藻种类数75 m层最丰富。30 m和75 m水层细胞丰度明显高于其他水层。甲藻是热带东印度洋微型浮游植物种类和细胞丰度的重要贡献者，低生物量海域表现的更为明显，贡献率大于80%。该研究将极大丰富东印度洋浮游植物群落空间特征基础信息较匮乏的现状，为量化、评估该海域的生物资源提供数据支撑。
- 热带东印度洋 /
- 浮游植物 /
- 细胞丰度 /
- 优势种 /
- 群落结构特征
Abstract: The phytoplankton water samples were collected in the multidisciplinary investigations in the tropical eastern Indian Ocean (10.0°S−4.0°N, 83.0°−97.5°E) during March to May, 2013. Phytoplankton community structure features were analyzed, including species composition, cell abundance, dominant species. In addition, the species composition and abundance of phytoplankton were compared comprehensively by horizontal and vertical investigation, and the probable causes were also discussed. A total of 306 species (including varieties and forms) were identified, which belonged to 6 phyla (Bacillariophyta, Pyrrophyta, Chrysophyta, Cyanophyta, Euglenophyta and Cryptophyta). The dominant groups were mainly Cryptomonadaceae, Nano-dinoflagellate, Nitzschina spp. (diatoms), Gyrodinium spp. (dinoflagellates), etc., which were smaller cells in size. Horizontally, the cell abundance was similar at different layers with patchy distribution characteristics. The high cell abundance (10⁴ cells/L) was in subsurface water (30 m and 75 m) at south of the equator on 88°E section. However, adjacent to the high abundance area, a larger area of low abundance appeared in the eastern and southeastern parts of the survey area, which extended to the equator. Vertically, diatoms and dinoflagellates were widely distributed at different depths with obvious spatial pattern. At most stations of 0 m and 30 m layers, the proportion of diatoms was 0.2−0.3 or even lower, while that of dinoflagellates was 0.7−0.8; in deeper water layers (75 m, 100 m, 150 m, 300 m), the proportion of diatoms increased to 0.5−0.6, and that of dinoflagellates decreased to 0.4−0.5 inversely. The species richness of diatoms and dinoflagellates were relatively higher at 30 m and 75 m layers. Dinoflagellates were important contributors to the species composition and cell abundance of phytoplankton in the tropical eastern Indian Ocean, especially in low abundance area (80%). This study will greatly enrich the database of phytoplankton community characteristics in the tropical eastern Indian Ocean, and provide data support for quantifying and evaluating the biological resources in this area.
- tropical eastern Indian Ocean /
- phytoplankton /
- cell abundance /
- dominant species /
- community structure characteristics

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图 1 2013年春季热带东印度洋微型浮游植物观测站位

Fig. 1 Locations of investigated stations of water phytoplankton in the tropical eastern Indian Ocean in spring 2013

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图 2 2013年春季热带东印度洋微型浮游植物细胞丰度水平分布

Fig. 2 Horizontal distribution of biomass of water phytoplankton in the tropical eastern Indian Ocean in spring 2013

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图 3 2013年春季热带东印度洋各断面微型浮游植物细胞丰度

Fig. 3 Distribution of cell abundance of water phytoplankton in the tropical eastern Indian Ocean in spring in 2013

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图 4 2013年春季热带东印度洋不同水层硅藻种类数相对比例

硅、甲藻种类数相对比例指硅藻物种数或甲藻物种数占硅、甲藻物种数之和的比例

Fig. 4 Relative proportion of species numbers of diatom in different layers in the tropical eastern Indian Ocean in spring 2013

The relative proportion of the species number of diatoms or dinoflagellates refers to the proportion of the species number of diatoms or dinoflagellates to the sum of them

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图 5 2013年春季热带东印度洋不同水层甲藻种类数相对比例

硅、甲藻种类数相对比例指硅藻物种数或甲藻物种数占硅、甲藻物种数之和的比例

Fig. 5 Relative proportion of species numbers of dinoflagellate in different layers in the tropical eastern Indian Ocean in spring 2013

The relative proportion of the species number of diatoms or dinoflagellates refers to the proportion of the species number of diatoms or dinoflagellates to the sum of them

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图 6 2013年春季热带东印度洋不同水层甲藻细胞占总丰度比例

Fig. 6 Proportion of abundance of dinoflagellate vs. total abundance in different layers in the tropical eastern Indian Ocean in spring 2013

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图 7 2013年春季热带东印度洋不同水层硅藻细胞占总丰度比例

Fig. 7 Proportion of abundance of diatom vs. total abundance in different layers in eastern tropical Indian Ocean in spring in 2013

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图 8 I0416站位硅、甲藻种类和细胞丰度占比及主要营养盐的垂直结构

硅、甲藻种类数相对比例指硅藻物种数或甲藻物种数占硅、甲藻物种数之和的比例

Fig. 8 The vertical structure of nutrient, species ratio and cell abundance ratio of diatom and dinoflagellate in Station I0416

The relative proportion of the species number of diatoms or dinoflagellates refers to the proportion of the species number of diatoms or dinoflagellates to the sum of them

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图 9 I0715站位硅、甲藻种类和细胞丰度占比及主要营养盐的垂直结构

硅、甲藻种类数相对比例指硅藻物种数或甲藻物种数占硅、甲藻物种数之和的比例

Fig. 9 The vertical structure of nutrient, species ratio and cell abundance ratio of diatom and dinoflagellate in Station I0715

The relative proportion of the species number of diatoms or dinoflagellates refers to the proportion of the species number of diatoms or dinoflagellates to the sum of them

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表 1 2013年春季东印度洋微型浮游植物优势类群或优势种

Tab. 1 Dominant group or species of water phytoplankton in the tropical eastern Indian Ocean in spring 2013

优势种类	平均细胞丰度/10² cells·L⁻¹						占细胞总丰度比例/%						出现频率/%						优势度（Y）
优势种类	0 m	30 m	75 m	100 m	150 m	300 m	0 m	30 m	75 m	100 m	150 m	300 m	0 m	30 m	75 m	100 m	150 m	300 m	优势度（Y）
隐藻	18.98	57.31	29.22	23.37	20.88	17.82	30.81	38.09	37.21	41.10	58.64	71.48	25.70	17.14	25.71	77.14	28.57	25.71	0.125
微型甲藻	33.77	14.04	4.39	5.21	1.97	31.43	21.33	14.00	8.86	10.30	1.18	10.60	45.71	82.86	45.71	25.71	42.86	31.43	0.057
其他微型浮游植物	0.04	3.68	2.53	1.73	0.94	0.52	17.61	8.40	9.68	9.87	6.63	5.39	34.30	25.71	80.00	74.23	71.43	65.71	0.056
菱形藻	0.88	31.09	18.05	2.45	1.36	0.24	2.24	10.20	13.05	10.77	8.79	1.88	40.00	82.86	62.86	57.14	65.71	42.85	0.048
环沟藻	0.00	2.98	2.06	1.99	0.36	0.29	0.00	8.25	5.47	6.00	1.72	1.53	0.00	65.72	77.14	51.43	48.57	34.29	0.045
小等刺硅鞭藻	0.18	0.27	0.49	0.58	0.30	0.07	0.83	0.88	1.37	1.69	1.18	0.90	71.42	94.29	85.71	94.29	88.57	77.14	0.008

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表 2 2013年春季热带东印度洋不同断面浮游植物物种数和细胞丰度

Tab. 2 Species and cell abundance of water phytoplankton in the tropical eastern Indian Ocean in spring 2013

断面号	地理位置	物种数/种		细胞丰度/10²cells·L⁻¹
断面号	地理位置	范围	平均值	范围	平均值
I04（赤道）	83.0°～94.0°E	6～28	18±6.7	0.32～4.40	2.37±1.27
I05（5°S）	88.0°～97.5°E	4～34	16±8.3	0.29～6.12	1.95±1.47
I06（10°S）	85.0°～102.0°E	4～36	18±7.7	0.34～88.69	4.92±11.80
I07（88°E）	10.0°S～4.0°N	4～44	18±7.4	0.43～253.5	43.2±55.69

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表 3 不同水层出现的浮游植物种类数及硅、甲藻相对比例

Tab. 3 Species and relative proportion of diatoms and dinoflagellates in different water layers

水层	硅藻种类数/种·站⁻¹			甲藻种类数/种·站⁻¹			总种类数/种·站⁻¹
水层	范围	平均值	相对比例	范围	平均值	相对比例	范围	平均值
0 m	1～12（n=35）	4.5±2.4	0.24	4～22（n=35）	14.2±3.9	0.76	7～52	20±5
30 m	3～17（n=35）	6.5±3.8	0.28	9～27（n=35）	16.5±4.7	0.72	16～35	24±6
75 m	6～26（n=35）	11.1±4.9	0.49	6～20（n=35）	11.4±4.0	0.51	13～44	24±6
100 m	4～14（n=35）	9.0±3.3	0.44	3～13（n=35）	6.7±2.3	0.56	8～25	17±5
150 m	2～12（n=35）	6.9±2.7	0.61	2～9（n=35）	4.5±1.8	0.39	7～21	13±4
300 m	0～10（n=35）	4.3±2.4	0.58	0～8（n=35）	3.1±1.8	0.42	3～16	9±4
注：硅、甲藻相对比例指硅藻物种数或甲藻物种数占硅、甲藻物种数之和的比例。

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表 4 1960年东印度洋爪洼岛临近海域不同水层出现的浮游植物种类^[11]

Tab. 4 Species of phytoplankton in different water layers of the sea area near Java Island in the tropical eastern Indian Ocean in 1960^[11]

站位	水层	中心硅藻/种	羽纹硅藻/种	甲藻/种	硅藻相对比例	甲藻相对比例
13^th	0～20 m	9	3	29	0.29	0.71
	20～50 m	8	7	24	0.38	0.62
	50～100 m	3	1	13	0.24	0.76
	100～200 m	3	0	8	0.27	0.73
15^th	0～20 m	10	2	32	0.29	0.71
	20～50 m	13	3	31	0.31	0.69
	50～100 m	5	1	17	0.26	0.74
	100～200 m	4	0	8	0.33	0.67
16^th	0～20 m	9	5	30	0.33	0.67
	20～50 m	7	2	14	0.39	0.61
	50～100 m	3	1	9	0.31	0.69
	100～200 m	4	0	7	0.36	0.64
注：这3个站位经纬度分别为13^th：12°46′S，97°19′E；15^th：10°11′S，98°42′E；16^th：8°15′S，100°05′E；采样方式为垂直分层采样，网目94 μm。

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