不同氮磷比值下浒苔与石莼的竞争作用研究

杨雪; 林锟; 谭丽菊; 王江涛

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.08.006

不同氮磷比值下浒苔与石莼的竞争作用研究

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.08.006

杨雪^1,,
林锟¹,
谭丽菊¹,
王江涛^1, ,

中国海洋大学海洋化学理论与工程技术教育部重点实验室，山东青岛 266100

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划（2016YFC1402101）；国家自然科学基金（41876078）；中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目（201713059）。

详细信息

作者简介:
杨雪（1995-），女，山东省青岛市人，主要从事海洋污染生态化学研究。E-mail：yanxyx@163.com

通讯作者:
王江涛，教授，主要从事海洋化学和生态学研究。E-mail：jtwang@ouc.edu.cn

中图分类号: Q178.53；X55
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- 文章访问数: 301
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- PDF下载量: 17
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-09-30
- 修回日期: 2019-12-17
- 网络出版日期: 2020-11-18
- 刊出日期: 2020-08-25

The competition between Ulva prolifera and Ulva lactuca under different N/P

Yang Xue^1
,,
Lin Kun¹,
Tan Liju¹,
Wang Jiangtao^{1
, ,}

Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology of Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China

摘要

摘要: 近年来，海水富营养化导致近海海域大型海藻过量繁殖，成为世界性的环境问题。自2007年以来，浒苔绿潮在黄海海域连续暴发，造成巨大经济损失。为探究浒苔大规模暴发与氮磷比值(N/P)的关系，及其与其他大型绿藻在不同N/P下的竞争机制，研究了浒苔(Ulva prolifera)与石莼(Ulva lactuca)在不同N/P下单独培养和共培养时的生长情况，探究了浒苔及石莼生长的变化；结合苏北浅滩海域现场N/P的调查结果，分析了浒苔绿潮暴发的可能机制。研究结果表明：(1)浒苔单独培养时，在一定范围内高N/P能促进浒苔的生长，氮对于浒苔的影响大于磷。(2)石莼单独培养时，低N/P下石莼长势最好，但改变N/P对石莼的影响并不显著。(3)浒苔和石莼共培养时，浒苔生长受到了一定限制，低N/P下浒苔生长受限更显著。(4)苏北浅滩海域高N/P更适合浒苔的生长，可能是浒苔绿潮能够大规模暴发的原因之一。
- 绿潮 /
- 浒苔 /
- 石莼 /
- 营养盐 /
- 氮磷比 /
- 竞争
Abstract: In recent years, the eutrophication of seawater has led proliferation of large seaweeds in offshore waters, becoming a worldwide environmental problem. Since 2007, the green tide of Ulva prolifera has continuously broken out in the Yellow Sea, causing huge economic losses. In order to investigate the relation between macroalgae and the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus (N/P), and the competition mechanism with other macroalgae, we studied the growth of U. prolifera and U. lactuca when pure culture and co-culture. The results showed that: (1) When U. prolifera was pure cultured, the higher or lower N/P can promote the growth of U. prolifera. (2) When U. lactuca was pure cultured, the effect of the N/P on U. lactuca is not obvious. (3) U. prolifera growth was inhibited to some extent under the different N/P conditions when U. prolifera and U. lactuca were co-cultured, and the lowest N/P group was affected the most. (4) The N/P in the Subei Shoal is more suitable for the growth of U. prolifera, which may be one of the main reasons for the large-scale outbreak of U. prolifera green tide.
- green tides /
- Ulva prolifera /
- Ulva lactuca /
- nutrients /
- N/P /
- competition

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图 1 本文采样站位和苏北浅滩海域氮磷比值（2018年5月）

Fig. 1 The sampling stations and the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus distribution in the Subei Shoal (May 2018)

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图 2 不同N/P条件下单独培养浒苔的湿重（a、b）及分枝长度（c、d）变化

Fig. 2 Changes in wet weight (a, b) and branch length (c, d) of U. prolifera under different N/P conditions of pure culture

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图 3 不同N/P条件下单独培养石莼的湿重（a、b）及直径（c、d）变化

Fig. 3 Changes in wet weight (a, b) and diameter (c, d) of U. lactuca under different N/P conditions of pure culture

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图 4 不同N/P条件下共培养浒苔的湿重和分枝长度及石莼的湿重和直径随时间的变化情况

Fig. 4 Changes in wet weight and branch length of U. prolifera, and wet weight and diameter of U. lactuca under different N/P conditions of pure culture

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表 1 培养液中氮、磷添加含量

Tab. 1 Addition of nitrogen and phosphorus in culture solution

N/P	浓度
3.2∶1	N: 16 μmol/L; P: 5 μmol/L
16∶1	N: 80 μmol/L; P: 5 μmol/L
40∶1	N: 200 μmol/L; P: 5 μmol/L

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表 2 单独培养和共培养浒苔和石莼的相对生长速率

Tab. 2 Relative growth rate of U. prolifera and U. lactuca under pure culture and mixed culture

实验藻种	培养方式	N/P
实验藻种	培养方式	3.2∶1	16∶1	40∶1
U. prolifera	单独培养	1.86%	2.23%	3.81%
	共培养	−2.07%	0.65%	2.10%
U. lactuca	单独培养	7.48%	6.04%	5.25%
	共培养	6.26%	5.56%	4.74%

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表 3 石莼属生长最适氮磷比历史研究统计

Tab. 3 Statistics on the optimum N/P for growth of Ulva

实验藻种	N/P	相对增长率最大值	参考文献
U. pertusa	5: 1（N: 10 mg/L; P: 2 mg/L）	43.20%	[25]
U. linza	5: 1（N: 300 μmol/L; P: 60 μmol/L）	13.00%	[26]
U. prolifera	6.6: 1（N: 80 mg/L; P: 12 mg/L）	7.75%	[21]
U. prolifera	3: 0.3	9.44%	[27]
U. prolifera	14: 1（N: 500 μmol/L; P: 35 μmol/L）	0.75%	[28]
U. prolifera	14: 1（N: 111.07 μmol/L; P, 7.82 μmol/L）	10.30 %	[29]
U. prolifera	16: 1（N: 500 μmol/L; P: 30 μmol/L）	0.45%	[30]
U. prolifera	16: 1（N: 500 μmol/L; P: 30 μmol/L）	9.95%	[31]

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