黄海浒苔绿潮防灾减灾现状与早期防控展望

王宗灵; 傅明珠; 周健; 沈颂东; 邵魁双; 胡伟; 肖洁; 范士亮; 张学雷

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.08.001

黄海浒苔绿潮防灾减灾现状与早期防控展望

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.08.001

王宗灵^{1, 2,},
傅明珠^{1, 2},
周健³,
沈颂东⁴,
邵魁双⁵,
胡伟^{6, 7},
肖洁^{1, 2},
范士亮^{1, 2},
张学雷^{1, 2}

1.
自然资源部第一海洋研究所海洋生态环境科学与技术重点实验室，山东青岛 266061
2.
青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室，山东青岛 266237
3.
山东省海洋预报减灾中心，山东青岛 266104
4.
苏州大学基础医学与生命科学学院，江苏苏州 215123
5.
国家海洋环境监测中心，辽宁大连 116023
6.
自然资源部北海预报中心，山东青岛 266061
7.
山东省海洋生态环境与防灾减灾重点实验室，山东青岛 266061

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划（2016YFC1402100）；国家自然科学基金（41876137，41876140，41876199）；山东省支持青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室重大科技专项（2018SDKJ0505-4）。

详细信息

作者简介:
王宗灵（1966-），男，河南省柘城县人，博士，研究员，主要从事生态系统演变与生态灾害方面的研究。E-mail：wangzl@fio.org.cn

中图分类号: X55；Q178.53；P76
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-04-02
- 修回日期: 2020-05-25
- 网络出版日期: 2020-11-18
- 刊出日期: 2020-08-25

Current situation of prevention and mitigation of the Yellow Sea green tide and proposing control measurements in the early stage

Wang Zongling^{1, 2
,},
Fu Mingzhu^{1, 2},
Zhou Jian³,
Shen Songdong⁴,
Shao Kuishuang⁵,
Hu Wei^{6, 7},
Xiao Jie^{1, 2},
Fan Shiliang^{1, 2},
Zhang Xuelei^{1, 2}

1.
Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
2.
Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
3.
Shandong Marine Forecast and Hazard Mitigation Service, Qingdao 266104, China
4.
School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
5.
National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
6.
North China Sea Marine Forecasting Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
7.
Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Environment and Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Qingdao 266061, China

摘要

摘要: 截至2019年，浒苔绿潮连续12年大规模暴发，对近海生态系统、沿岸环境与社会经济造成严重影响，已经成为黄海最严重的生态环境问题。本文总结了黄海浒苔绿潮防灾减灾现状与成效，分析了存在的问题，然后基于对该绿潮起源与成因的认识，将其早期分为3个关键过程，即浒苔微观繁殖体在养殖设施上的着生与生长过程，定生浒苔脱离附着基形成漂浮浒苔过程，浅滩漂浮浒苔进入深水区形成大面积绿潮过程。最后分别从加强新材料与技术研发防控绿藻着生、强化养殖设施回收管理严控定生绿藻落滩、浅滩汇聚通道拦截打捞等3种途径提出了早期防控措施建议，以期为黄海浒苔绿潮的源头防控提供科学依据。
- 黄海 /
- 浒苔 /
- 绿潮 /
- 生态灾害 /
- 早期防控
Abstract: Green tide caused by Ulva prolifera recurrent for 12 consecutive years by 2019 has become one of the most serious ecological disasters in the Yellow Sea. Based on the current scientific understanding of the Yellow Sea green tide and the control countermeasures, three key processes were identified during the early stage, i.e., the attachment and growth of U. prolifera micropropagules on the aquaculture facilities, the detachment of the epiphytic U. prolifera from the rafts and forming the floating biomass, and the floating U. prolifera in the Subei Shoal entering the offshore area and forming the large scale green tide. The specific control countermeasures were proposed according to the three key processes including: new material and technology studies to prevent the attachment and growth of the green algae, monitoring the recycling of the aquaculture facilities and to prevent the disposal of attached green algae on the intertidal flat, and the interception and collection of floating green algae in the major waterways in the Subei Shoal. This integrated strategy will help to provide ideas and technical supports for the scientific source control and management during the early stage of the Yellow Sea green tide.
- Yellow Sea /
- Ulva prolifera /
- green tides /
- marine ecological disaster /
- early prevention

HTML全文

图 1 黄海浒苔绿潮关键发展过程及防控途径示意图（防控途径I：养殖设施上大型绿藻着生与生长过程防控；防控途径II：养殖设施定生绿藻脱离附着基过程防控；防控途径III：浒苔绿潮源地汇聚通道拦截打捞）

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of key development processes and the corresponding prevention approaches of the Yellow Sea green tide (prevention approach I: preventing the attachment and growth of the green algae; prevention approach II: preventing the disposal of attached green algae from the aquaculture facilities; prevention approach III: the interception and collection of floating green algae in the major waterways)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 黄海浒苔绿潮规模与空间分布

a. 浒苔绿潮规模（数据来源于文献[28]）；b. 2016年6月23日浒苔绿潮空间分布；绿潮分布面积包络线的北边界距青岛岸线距离为10 km

Fig. 2 Interannual variation of the Yellow Sea green tide and its distribution

a. The blooming scales of Ulva prolifera green tide in the Yellow Sea (data are from reference [28]); b. distribution of U. prolifera green tide in the Yellow Sea on 23 June 2016; the distance between the north boundary of the floating green algae and the Qingdao coast is 10 km

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图 3 梗绳原地落滩自然掩埋试验

a. 原地落滩；b. 自然掩埋的定生绿藻；c. 掩埋腐烂的定生绿藻

Fig. 3 In situ experiment of the natural bury effects of sands on the green algae attached on the aquaculture ropes

a. The aquaculture ropes settled on the mud flat; b. green algae buried in the sands; c. the green algae rotted after burried

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图 4 黄海浒苔绿潮发生早期空间分布

a. 2012年5月；b. 2018年5−6月；c. 演化图；a、b中线条长短代表漂浮浒苔条带长度，圆圈代表漂浮绿藻斑块大小

Fig. 4 Distributions and evolution of the floating bands at the early stage of the Yellow Sea green tide

a. May 2012; b. May−June 2018; c. the evolution of the floating green algae; red line: the length of the floating U. prolifera bands, red circle: the patch size of the floating green algae

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图 5 漂浮浒苔浅滩汇聚通道

编号1～12为12条主要汇聚通道的位置

Fig. 5 The major waterways transporting the floating U. prolifera

No. 1−12 indicate the locations of the 12 major waterways

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