The variation characteristics and causes analysis of salt tide intrusion in the Changjiang River Estuary
-
摘要: 本文基于海洋站潮位观测数据、海平面变化影响调查信息以及长江口水文站径流量数据等，重点分析了2009−2018年长江口咸潮入侵的变化特征及其影响因素，分析结果表明：(1)长江口咸潮入侵季节变化特征明显。咸潮一般从每年的9−10月开始入侵，翌年4−5月结束。3月咸潮入侵次数最多，达12次。2009−2018年，长江口咸潮入侵次数和咸潮持续时间均呈下降趋势，2009年长江口咸潮入侵次数最多，达13次，时间均发生在10月至翌年的4月；咸潮持续时间年际变化较大，2011年咸潮入侵持续时间最长，累计为55 d。2015−2018年，咸潮入侵次数和入侵持续时间均明显减少，2018年没有监测到咸潮入侵过程。(2) 1−4月，长江口处于季节性低海平面期，且同期径流量少，但是受东亚季风影响，持续的增水过程使得增减水−径流量综合影响指数明显偏高，其中1月、2月、3月的影响指数分别为1.5、1.9和1.6，该时段长江口的咸潮入侵过程主要受增减水的影响。5−7月，长江口径流量明显增加，海平面−径流量综合影响指数均小于0，径流的作用强于海水上溯。8月，长江口径流量开始下降，虽然季节海平面较高，但是长江口呈现明显的减水过程，海平面−径流量和增减水−径流量的综合影响指数分别为0.1和−1.6，基本不会发生咸潮入侵。9月，长江口处于季节高海平面期，并且以增水为主，海平面−径流量和增减水−径流量的综合影响指数较大，分别为1.2和1.0，易发生咸潮入侵。10月、11月长江口海平面−径流量的综合影响指数分别为1.5和0.8，径流影响弱于海水上溯，易发生咸潮入侵。(3) 2009−2018年发生的48次咸潮入侵过程有2/3恰逢天文大潮。在某些年份长江口沿海基础海平面偏高，若持续增水恰逢天文大潮，则加剧咸潮入侵的影响程度。Abstract: Based on tide gauge observation data, sea level change impact investigation information and runoff observation data, the changing characteristics and causes of salt tide intrusions at Changjiang River Estuary during 2009−2018 were emphatically analyzed. Results show that: (1) Seasonal variations of salt tide intrusions at Changjiang River Estuary are obvious, which usually begin from September to October, and end in April or May of the following year. The most frequent occurrence is in March, reaching 12 times. The occurrence and duration of salt tide intrusions marked downward trend as a whole during 2009−2018. The intrusion occurrence was the most in 2009, reaching 13 times, all appeared during October to April of the following year. Annual variation of salt tide intrusion duration was obvious, which was the longest in 2011, reaching 55 days. The occurrence and duration of salt tide intrusions all decreased obviously during 2015−2018, and there was no salt tide intrusion in 2018. (2) From January to April, the seasonal sea level is low, and runoff is small in the Changjiang River Estuary. As influenced by the East-Asian Monsoon, the surge-runoff impact index is high, valued 1.5, 1.9 and 1.6 for January, February and March respectively during 2009−2018. Salt tide intrusion is mainly influenced by surge during this period. For the time of May to July, the runoff increases significantly and becomes dominant, and the sea-level-runoff impact indexes are less than zero. In August, the runoff of the Changjiang River begins to decrease. Seasonal sea level is high, but there is continuous negative surge during this time. Correspondingly, the sea level-runoff impact index is 0.1, and the surge-runoff impact index is −1.6. And salt tide intrusion hardly happens. In September, the seasonal sea level is high, and surge is obvious. The sea level-runoff as well as surge-runoff impact indexes is 1.2 and 1.0 respectively, and salt tide intrusion is very likely to happen. For the time of October and November, the sea-level-runoff impact indexes are 1.5 and 0.8 respectively, and the Changjiang River Estuary is prone to salt tide intrusions. (3) Two-thirds of the 48 salt tide intrusions in the past 10 years occurred in the period of astronomical high tide. The basic sea level is high in some years in the Changjiang River Estuary. In the cases of continuous surge and astronomical high tide, the impacts of the saltwater intrusion will be aggravated.
-
Key words:
- sea level /
- runoff /
- astronomical high tide /
- storm surge /
- salt tide
-
图 1 2009−2018年长江口咸潮入侵季节变化
Fig. 1 Seasonal variation of saltwater intrusion in the Changjiang River Estuary during 2009−2018
图 2 2009−2018年长江口咸潮入侵次数和持续时间变化
Fig. 2 Times and duration of saltwater intrusion in the Changjiang River Estuary during 2009−2018
图 3 2009−2018年长江口平均海平面（a）、增减水（b）以及径流量（c）季节变化
Fig. 3 Seasonal variation of sea level (a), surge (b) and runoff (c) in the Changjiang River Estuary during 2009−2018
图 4 长江口咸潮入侵持续时间、海平面−径流量以及增减水−径流量综合影响指数变化
Fig. 4 Seasonal variation of saltwater intrusion duration, sea-level-runoff impact index and surge-runoff impact index in the Changjiang River Estuary
图 5 2009年2月长江口沿海代表站增减水变化
Fig. 5 Surge variation of typical stations in the Changjiang River Estuary in February 2009
图 6 2007−2017年长江口径流量和海平面变化
Fig. 6 Variation of runoff and sea level in the Changjiang River Estuary during 2007−2017
图 7 长江口大戢山站潮差长期变化
Fig. 7 Long-term change of tide range in the Dajishan Station of the Changjiang River Estuary
图 8 2018年9月长江口大戢山站潮位月变化
Fig. 8 Tide level variation in the Dajishan Station of the Changjiang River Estuary in September 2018
表 1 2009−2017年各月长江口海平面−径流量综合影响指数
Tab. 1 Sea-level-runoff impact index of each month during 2009−2017 in the Changjiang River Estuary
年份 1月 2月 3月 4月 5月 6月 7月 8月 9月 10月 11月 12月 2009 −0.4 0.3 −0.9 −0.7 −1.0 −0.7 −1.1 0.0 1.1 1.5 1.2 0.6 2010 −0.5 0.4 −0.4 −0.3 −0.5 −0.5 −1.0 −0.5 0.7 1.7 1.0 0.0 2011 −0.4 0.0 −0.7 −0.4 0.4 −1.2 −1.5 0.1 1.4 0.9 0.7 0.6 2012 0.4 0.0 −0.4 −0.8 −0.8 −0.6 −0.7 0.2 0.8 1.3 0.6 0.1 2013 −0.3 −0.1 −0.3 −0.3 −0.4 −0.6 −1.7 −0.2 1.2 2.2 0.4 0.0 2014 −0.2 0.8 −0.1 0.0 −0.8 −0.4 −1.2 0.3 0.4 1.2 0.3 −0.3 2015 0.2 0.0 −0.6 −0.4 −0.5 −1.5 −0.4 0.8 1.3 0.5 0.6 −0.1 2016 −0.2 −1.0 −0.4 −0.6 −1.0 −0.5 −1.7 −0.1 2.0 2.2 1.0 0.3 2017 0.4 0.2 0.0 −0.6 −0.7 −0.3 −1.8 0.1 1.4 1.4 0.3 −0.2 平均值 −0.1 0.1 −0.4 −0.5 −0.7 −0.7 −1.3 0.1 1.2 1.5 0.8 0.1 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 2009−2017年各月长江口增减水−径流量综合影响指数
Tab. 2 Surge-runoff impact index of each month during 2009−2017 in the Changjiang River Estuary
年份 1月 2月 3月 4月 5月 6月 7月 8月 9月 10月 11月 12月 2009 −0.4 2.7 −0.3 −0.6 −0.8 −0.7 −2.6 −0.6 −0.1 −0.3 2.5 1.3 2010 0.0 3.3 1.3 0.4 −0.1 −1.2 −2.3 −2.8 −0.8 1.2 0.5 0.2 2011 −0.2 1.4 −1.2 −0.5 1.0 −1.4 −2.5 −0.3 1.4 −0.2 1.0 1.5 2012 2.2 1.8 1.0 −0.7 −0.3 −0.6 −2.2 0.6 −1.0 −0.4 −0.4 0.1 2013 1.5 1.4 0.6 −0.8 −0.7 −0.2 −2.6 −1.4 −0.6 2.4 −0.4 0.8 2014 0.6 3.7 −0.3 0.3 −0.6 0.1 −2.8 −1.2 −1.2 1.0 0.3 −0.1 2015 1.2 1.0 0.0 1.4 −0.8 −2.0 −1.5 −0.4 1.1 −2.1 1.8 0.3 2016 2.6 −0.8 1.1 0.3 −2.0 0.2 −2.7 −1.4 1.5 1.2 −0.2 0.3 2017 2.5 1.3 0.6 −0.4 −0.8 0.5 −2.3 −1.5 −0.9 1.5 −0.2 −0.3 平均值 1.5 1.9 1.6 0.4 −0.1 0.0 −3.3 −1.6 1.0 −0.3 −0.7 −0.6
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 陈征琳, 邹逸麟, 刘君德. 上海地名志[M]. 上海: 上海社会科学院出版社, 1998: 59-85.Chen Zhenglin, Zou Yiling, Liu Junde. Geographical Names of Shanghai[M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences Press, 1998: 59−85. [2] 丁磊, 陈黎明, 高翔宇, 等. 长江口水源地取水口盐度对径潮动力的响应[J]. 水利水运工程学报, 2018(5): 14−23.Ding Lei, Chen Liming, Gao Xiangyu, et al. Response of salinity at water source intakes to runoff and tidal dynamics of Yangtze River estuary[J]. Hydro-Science and Engineering, 2018(5): 14−23. [3] 贺松林, 丁平兴, 孔亚珍. 长江口南支河段枯季盐度变异与北支咸水倒灌[J]. 自然科学进展, 2006, 16(5): 585−587.He Songlin, Ding Pingxing, Kong Yazhen. Salinity variation in the south branch in dry season and saltwater backflow in the north branch of the Yangtze River Estuary[J]. Progress in Natural Science, 2006, 16(5): 585−587. [4] 顾玉亮, 吴守培, 乐勤. 北支盐水入侵对长江口水源地影响研究[J]. 人民长江, 2003, 34(4): 1−3. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4179.2003.04.001Gu Yuliang, Wu Shoupei, Le Qin. Impact of intruded saline water via north branch of the Yangtze River on water source areas in the estuary area[J]. Yangtze River, 2003, 34(4): 1−3. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4179.2003.04.001 [5] Cheng Q, Zhu J. Assessing the influence of sea level rise on salt transport processes and estuarine circulation in the Changjiang River Estuary[J]. Journal of Coastal Research, 2015, 31(3): 661−670. [6] 侯成程, 朱建荣. 长江河口盐水入侵对大通枯季径流量变化的响应时间[J]. 海洋学报, 2013, 35(4): 29−35.Hou Chengcheng, Zhu Jianrong. The response time of saltwater intrusion in the Changjiang River Estuary to the change of river discharge in dry season[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2013, 35(4): 29−35. [7] 陈泾, 朱建荣. 长江河口北支新村沙围垦工程对盐水入侵的影响[J]. 华东师范大学学报:自然科学版, 2014(4): 163−172.Chen Jing, Zhu Jianrong. Impact of the reclamation project of Xincunsha on the saltwater intrusion in the North Branch of the Changjiang Estuary[J]. Journal of East China Normal University: Natural Science, 2014(4): 163−172. [8] 李林江, 朱建荣. 长江口南汇边滩围垦工程对流场和盐水入侵的影响[J]. 华东师范大学学报:自然科学版, 2015(4): 77−86.Li Linjiang, Zhu Jianrong. Impacts of the reclamation project of Nanhui tidal flat on the currents and saltwater intrusion in the Changjiang Estuary[J]. Journal of East China Normal University: Natural Sciencce, 2015(4): 77−86. [9] Wu Hui, Zhu Jianrong, Chen Bingrui, et al. Quantitative relationship of runoff and tide to saltwater spilling over from the North Branch in the Changjiang Estuary: A numerical study[J]. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2006, 69(1/2): 125−132. [10] Chen W, Chen K, Kuang C, et al. Influence of sea level rise on saline water intrusion in the Yangtze River Estuary, China[J]. Applied Ocean Research, 2016, 54: 12−25. doi: 10.1016/j.apor.2015.11.002 [11] Geyer W R, Nepf H. Tidal Pumping of Salt in a Moderately Stratified Estuary[M]. Washington, D.C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. [12] Maccready P, Geyer WR. Advances in estuarine physics[J]. Annual Review of Marine Science, 2012, 2(1): 35−58. [13] Geyer W R, Farmer D M. Tide-induced variation of the dynamics of a salt wedge estuary[J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 2010, 19: 1060−1072. [14] 自然资源部. 2018年中国海平面公报[R]. 北京: 自然资源部, 2019.Ministry of Natural Resources of the People’s Republic of China. China Sea Level Bulletin 2018[R]. Beijing: Ministry of Natural Resources of the People’s Republic of China, 2019. [15] Peterson D H, Cayan D R, DiLeo J, et al. The role of climate in estuarine variability[J]. American Scientist, 1995, 83(1): 58−67. [16] 自然资源部. 2019年中国海平面公报[R]. 北京: 自然资源部, 2020.Ministry of Natural Resources of the People’s Republic of China. China Sea Level Bulletin 2019[R]. Beijing: Ministry of Natural Resources of the People’s Republic of China, 2020. [17] Cazenave R J N. A Sea-level rise and its impact on coastal zones[J]. Science, 2010, 328(5985): 1517−1520. doi: 10.1126/science.1185782 [18] Cai H, Savenije H H, Zuo S, et al. A predictive model for salt intrusion in estuaries applied to the Yangtze Estuary[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2015, 529: 1336−1349. doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.08.050 [19] Wu H, Zhu J. Advection scheme with 3rd high-order spatial interpolation at the middle temporal level and its application to saltwater intrusion in the Changjiang Estuary[J]. Ocean Modelling, 2010, 33(12): 33−51. [20] An Q, Wu Y, Taylor S, et al. Influence of the Three Gorges project on saltwater intrusion in the Yangtze River Estuary[J]. Environmental Geology, 2009, 56: 1679−1686. doi: 10.1007/s00254-008-1266-4 [21] Xue P, Chen C, Ding P, et al. Saltwater intrusion into the Changjiang River: a model-guided mechanism study[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2009, 114: 1−15. [22] Zhang E, Savenije H H G, Wu H, et al. Analytical solution for salt intrusion in the Yangtze Estuary, China[J]. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2011, 91(4): 492−501. [23] 朱建荣, 鲍道阳. 近60年来长江河口河势变化及其对水动力和盐水入侵的影响I.河势变化[J]. 海洋学报, 2016, 38(12): 11−22.Zhu Jianrong, Bao Daoyang. The effects of river regime changes in the Changjiang Estuary on hydrodynamics and salinity intrusion in the past 60 years I. River regime changes[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2016, 38(12): 11−22. [24] 鲍道阳, 朱建荣. 近60年来长江河口河势变化及其对水动力和盐水入侵的影响Ⅲ.盐水入侵[J]. 海洋学报, 2017, 39(4): 1−15.Bao Daoyang, Zhu Jianrong. The effects of river regime changes in the Changjiang Estuary on hydrodynamics and salinity intrusion in the past 60 years Ⅲ. Saltwater intrusion[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2017, 39(4): 1−15. [25] 鲍道阳, 朱建荣. 近60年来长江河口河势变化及其对水动力和盐水入侵的影响Ⅱ.水动力[J]. 海洋学报, 2017, 39(2): 1−15.Bao Daoyang, Zhu Jianrong. The effects of river regime changes in the Changjiang Estuary on hydrodynamics and salinity intrusion in the past 60 years Ⅱ. Hydrodynamics[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2017, 39(2): 1−15. [26] 沈焕庭, 茅志昌, 朱建荣. 长江河口盐水入侵[M]. 北京: 海洋出版社, 2003.Shen Huanting, Mao Zhichang, Zhu Jianrong. Saltwater Intrusion in the Yangtze River Estuary[M]. Beijing: China Ocean Press, 2003. [27] 肖成猷, 朱建荣, 沈焕庭. 长江口北支盐水倒灌的数值模型研究[J]. 海洋学报, 2000, 22(5): 124−132.Xiao Chengyou, Zhu Jianrong, Shen Huanting. Study of numerical modelling about salt water flow backward in the Changjiang Estuary north branch[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2000, 22(5): 124−132. [28] 肖成猷, 沈焕庭. 长江河口盐水入侵影响因子分析[J]. 华东师范大学学报:自然科学版, 1998(3): 75−80.Xiao Chengyou, Shen Huanting. The analysis of factors affecting the saltwater intrusion in Changjiang Estuary[J]. Journal of East China Normal University: Natural Science, 1998(3): 75−80. [29] 茅志昌, 沈焕庭, 徐彭令, 等. 长江河口咸潮入侵规律及淡水资源利用[J]. 地理学报, 2000, 67(2): 243−250. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0375-5444.2000.02.013Mao Zhichang, Shen Huanting, Xu Pengling. The pattern of saltwater intruding into the Changjiang Estuary and the utilization of freshwater resources[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2000, 67(2): 243−250. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0375-5444.2000.02.013 [30] 茅志昌. 长江口南港河段咸潮入侵分析[J]. 地理研究, 1995, 14(1): 27−35. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0585.1995.01.004Mao Zhichang. Analysis of saltwater intrusion at the south channel in the Changjiang Estuary[J]. Geographical Research, 1995, 14(1): 27−35. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0585.1995.01.004 [31] 王慧, 刘克修, 范文静, 等. 渤海西部海平面资料均一性订正及变化特征[J]. 海洋通报, 2013, 32(3): 256−264.Wang Hui, Liu Kexiu, Fan Wenjing, et al. Data uniformity revision and variations of the sea level of the western Bohai Sea[J]. Marine Science Bulletin, 2013, 32(3): 256−264. [32] Blumberg A, Mellor G L. A description of a three-dimensional coastal ocean circulation model[M]//Heaps N S. Three-Dimensional Coastal Ocean Models. Washington: American Geophysical Union, 1987: 1−16. [33] 蔡榕硕. 气候变化对中国近海生态系统的影响[M]. 北京: 海洋出版社, 2010.Cai Rongshuo. Impacts of Climate Change on China's Coastal Ecosystem[M]. Beijing: China Ocean Press, 2010. [34] Li Lu, Zhu Jianrong, Wu Hui. Impacts of wind stress on saltwater intrusion in the Yangtze Estuary[J]. Science China: Earth Science, 2012, 55(7): 1178−1192. doi: 10.1007/s11430-011-4311-1 -
点击查看大图
图(8) / 表(2)
计量
- 文章访问数: 414
- HTML全文浏览量: 54
- PDF下载量: 39
- 被引次数: 0
