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2018−2019年舟山近海浮游动物群落结构春季年际变化及其与水团的关系

王慧君 许永久 俞存根 章寒 张洪亮 蒋日进 梁君 郭爱 朱文斌 徐开达 刘连为 王皓学

王慧君,许永久,俞存根,等. 2018−2019年舟山近海浮游动物群落结构春季年际变化及其与水团的关系[J]. 海洋学报,2020,42(6):90–100 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.06.011
引用本文: 王慧君,许永久,俞存根,等. 2018−2019年舟山近海浮游动物群落结构春季年际变化及其与水团的关系[J]. 海洋学报,2020,42(6):90–100 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.06.011
Wang Huijun,Xu Yongjiu,Yu Cungen, et al. Spring interannual changes of zooplankton community structure and the influencing factors of water masses in the Zhoushan nearshore waters during 2018−2019[J]. Haiyang Xuebao,2020, 42(6):90–100 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.06.011
Citation: Wang Huijun,Xu Yongjiu,Yu Cungen, et al. Spring interannual changes of zooplankton community structure and the influencing factors of water masses in the Zhoushan nearshore waters during 2018−2019[J]. Haiyang Xuebao,2020, 42(6):90–100 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.06.011

2018−2019年舟山近海浮游动物群落结构春季年际变化及其与水团的关系

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.06.011
基金项目: 浙江省自然科学基金(LY20C030004);国家重点研发计划资助项目子课题(2018YFD0900904);国家海洋局海洋生态环境科学与工程重点实验室开放基金项目(MESE-2018-01);浙江海洋大学“水产”省一流学科2019年度开放课题(20190010);舟山市科技局浙江海洋大学专项资助(2019C21021);2019年浙江省大学生科技创新活动计划暨新苗人才计划(2019R411011)。
详细信息
    作者简介:

    王慧君(1994-),女,山东省济南市人,从事渔业资源方面研究。E-mail:731178849@qq.com

    通讯作者:

    许永久(1981-),博士,从事浮游生物生态、渔业生态环境等方面研究。E-mail:xuyongjiu@zjou.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: P714+.5;Q178.53

Spring interannual changes of zooplankton community structure and the influencing factors of water masses in the Zhoushan nearshore waters during 2018−2019

  • 摘要: 根据2018−2019年春季两个航次在舟山近海进行的浮游生物调查结果,对舟山近海的浮游动物群落结构(类群组成、优势种数量)年际变化进行了研究,利用典范对应分析(Canonical Correspondence Analysis, CCA)研究了两年春季浮游动物类群组成差异、优势种变化的原因,初步探讨了春季浮游动物群落结构动态变化的机制。结果表明:根据表层温度(Sea Surface Temperature,SST)、表层盐度(Sea Surface Salinity,SSS)的聚类分析,将该区域分为3个水团:杭州湾内水团(I区)、舟山本岛上升流水团II区)、舟山近海水团(III区)。不同水团对浮游动物类群组成影响显著,引起2018年和2019年春季3个水团区差异的主要贡献种(贡献率>10%)均为中华哲水蚤,同一水团两年间年际差异的贡献种如下:I区为捷氏歪水蚤(56.91%)和真刺唇角水蚤(12.34%);II区为中华哲水蚤(72.64%)、五角水母(13.35%);III区为中华哲水蚤(41.93%)、夜光虫(22.94%)。CCA分析表明,第1 CCA轴(CCA1)和第2 CCA轴(CCA2)共解释了两年春季浮游动物优势种累计方差的46.14%和物种−环境累计方差的97.82%。CCA1主要反映了空间(近海水团和湾内水团)的差异。CCA2主要反映了2018年和2019年站位的年际差异。盐度是影响春季浮游动物群落结构空间差异的主要因素,而温度、叶绿素a浓度是春季浮游动物群落结构年际差异的主要因素。
  • 图  1  2018年(a)和2019年(b)春季调查站位

    黑色三角代表杭州湾内水团(I区),绿色方形代表舟山本岛上升流水团(II区),红色圆圈代表舟山近海水团(III区)

    Fig.  1  Sampling stations of spring 2018 (a) and spring 2019 (b)

    The black triangle represents the water mass in the Hangzhou Bay(Area I),the green square represents upwelling water mass of the Zhoushan Islands (Area II), and the red circle represents the offshore water mass of the Zhoushan (Area III)

    图  2  2018年春季与2019年春季舟山近海海域表层温度(SST)、盐度(SSS)、叶绿素a(Chl a)浓度分布与年际变化

    a. 2018年SST,b. 2018年SSS,c. 2018年Chl a浓度,d. 2019年SST,e. 2019年SSS,f. 2019年Chl a浓度

    Fig.  2  Surface temperature, salinity, Chl a concentration distribution in the Zhoushan nearshore waters in spring 2018 and spring 2019

    a. Sea surface temperature in 2018, b. sea surface salinity in 2018, c. sea surface Chl a concentration in 2018, d. sea surface temperature in 2019, e. sea surface salinity in 2019, f. sea surface Chl a concentration in 2019

    图  3  2018年春季(a)与2019年春季(b)水团聚类

    Fig.  3  Water mass group clustering of sampling stations in spring 2018 (a) and spring 2019 (b)

    图  4  2018年和2019年春季浮游动物优势种分布

    2018年春季优势种:a. 中华哲水蚤,b. 拿卡箭虫,c. 小拟哲水蚤,d. 拟长腹剑水蚤;2019年春季优势种:e. 中华哲水蚤,f. 捷氏歪水蚤,g. 五角水母,h. 夜光虫;i. 2018年春季物种总丰度;j. 2019年春季物种总丰度

    Fig.  4  Distribution of dominant zooplankton species in spring 2018 and spring 2019

    Dominant species in spring 2018: a. Calanus sinicus, b. Sagitta nagae, c. Paracalanus parvus, d. Oithona similis; dominant species in spring 2019: e. Calanus sinicus, f. Tortanus derjugini, g. Muggiaea atlantica, h. Noctiluca scintillans; i. total species abundance in spring 2018; j. total species abundance in spring 2019

    图  5  浮游动物优势种与环境因子典范对应分析

    黑色表示2018年站位,黄色表示2019年站位。三角形表示杭州湾内水团,正方形表示舟山本岛上升流水团,圆形表示舟山近海水团。图中各环境因子表示:表层温度(SST)、表层盐度(SSS)、表层叶绿素a(Chl a)、底层温度(SBT)、底层盐度(SBS)

    Fig.  5  Correspondence analysis between dominant zooplankton species and environmental factors

    Black stands for data in 2018 and yellow stands for data in 2019. The triangle represents the water mass in the Hangzhou Bay, the square represents the upwelling water mass of the Zhoushan Island, and the circle represents the offshore water mass of the Zhoushan. The environmental factors in the figure are shown as follows: surface temperature (SST), surface salinity (SSS), surface chlorophyll a (Chl a), bottom temperature (SBT), bottom salinity (SBS)

    表  1  舟山近海海域浮游动物种类组成

    Tab.  1  Composition of zooplankton in the Zhoushan nearshore waters

    类群2018年4月2019年4月
    物种物种
    桡足类
    Copepoda
    中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus),小拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus parvus),精致真刺水蚤(Euchaeta concinna),小哲水蚤(Nannocalanus minor),中华华哲水蚤(Sinocalanus sinensis),真刺唇角水蚤(Labidocera euchaeta),猛水蚤目(Harpacticoida),亚强次真哲水蚤(Subeucalanus subcrassus),平滑真刺水蚤(Euchaeta plana),太平洋纺锤水蚤(Acartia pacifica),双刺唇角水蚤(Labidocera bipinnata),拟长腹剑水蚤(Oithona similis),大眼剑水蚤属(Corycaeus中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus),精致真刺水蚤(Euchaeta concinna),真刺唇角水蚤(Labidocera euchaeta),捷氏歪水蚤(Tortanus derjugini),皇简角水蚤(Pontellopsis regalis),中华胸刺水蚤(Centropages sinensis),近邻剑水蚤(Cyclops vicinus),瘦尾简角水蚤(Pontellopsis tenuicauda),伯氏平头水蚤(Candacia bradyi),大眼剑水蚤属(Corycaeus
    水母类
    Medusae
    刺胞动物(Cnidaria):拟细浅室水母(Lensia subtiloides),五角水母(Muggiaea atlantica),嵊山秀氏水母(Sugiura chengshanense),气囊水母(Physophora hydrostatica),双生水母(Diphyes chamissonis),两手筐水母(Solmundella bitentaculata),锡兰和平水母(Eirene ceylonensis),真囊水母(Euphysora bigelowi),多面水母科(Abylidae),巴斯水母(Bassia bassensis),八斑苪氏水母(Rathkea octopunctata),四叶小舌水母(Liriope tetraphylla),四手筐水母(Aegina citrea),爪室水母(Chelophyes appendiculata);栉板动物(Ctenophora):球形侧腕水母(Pleurobranchia globosa),瓜水母(Beroë cucumis刺胞动物(Cnidaria):五角水母(Muggiaea atlantica),双生水母(Diphyes chamissonis),异双生水母(Diphyes dispar);栉板动物(Ctenophora):球形侧腕水母(Pleurobranchia globosa
    毛颚类
    Chaetognatha
    拿卡箭虫(Sagitta nagae拿卡箭虫(Sagitta nagae
    糠虾类
    Mysida
    儿岛囊糠虾(Gastrosaccus kogimaensis儿岛囊糠虾(Gastrosaccus kogimaensis),长额刺糠虾(Acanthomysis longirostris
    磷虾类
    Euphausiacea
    太平洋磷虾(Euphausia pacifica),中华假磷虾(Pseudeuphausia sinica太平洋磷虾(Euphausia pacifica
    十足类
    Decapoda
    莹虾属(Lucifer正型莹虾(Lucifer typus),中国毛虾(Acetes chinensis),日本毛虾(Acetes japonicus
    浮游幼体
    Pelagic larvae
    桡足类无节幼体(Copepoda Nauplius larva),长尾类溞状幼体(Macrura zoea),短尾类溞状幼体(Brachyura zoea larva),担轮幼虫(trochophora),短尾类大眼幼体(Megalopa),面盘幼虫(瓣鳃类)(Veliger)桡足类无节幼体(Copepoda Nauplius larva),长尾类溞状幼体(Macrura zoea),短尾类溞状幼体(Brachyura zoea larva)
    其他类
    Others
    长尾住囊虫(Oikopleura longicauda),肥胖三角溞(Euadne tergestina),端足类(Amphipoda),多毛类(Polychaeta),明螺(Atlanta peroni),介形类(Ostracoda),海樽类(Thaliacea),蝴蝶螺(Desmopterus papilio),尖笔帽螺(Creseis acicula),涟虫类(Cumacea)海萤属(Cypridina),钩虾科(Gammaridae),多毛类(Polychaeta),虫戎科(Hyperaiidae),芽笔冒螺(Creseis virgula),海樽类(Thaliacea)
    夜光虫
    Noctiluca scintillans
    夜光虫(Noctiluca scintillans
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  2018年和2019年春季各水团间差异的主要贡献种和贡献率

    Tab.  2  Main contribution species and contribution rate of differences among water masses in spring 2018 and spring 2019, respectively

    年份Ⅰ区−Ⅱ区Ⅱ区−Ⅲ区Ⅰ区−Ⅲ区
    贡献种贡献率/%贡献种贡献率/%贡献种贡献率/%
    2018中华哲水蚤27.11中华哲水蚤55.99中华哲水蚤56.23
    拟长腹剑水蚤23.80
    精致真刺水蚤10.75
    2019中华哲水蚤52.98中华哲水蚤63.10捷氏歪水蚤38.85
    捷氏歪水蚤22.80夜光虫12.23夜光虫19.93
    五角水母11.20五角水母11.43中华哲水蚤14.87
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  2018年和2019年春季不同水团对浮游动物群落结构组成年际变化和区系格局的影响

    Tab.  3  The influence of different water masses on the interannual variation and floristic pattern of zooplankton community in spring 2018 and spring 2019

    分区2018年Ⅰ区2018年Ⅱ区2018年Ⅲ区全部区域对比
    贡献种贡献率/%贡献种贡献率/%贡献种贡献率/%贡献种贡献率/%
    2019年Ⅰ区捷氏歪水蚤56.91中华哲水蚤33.63
    真刺唇角水蚤12.34夜光虫19.15
    2019年Ⅱ区中华哲水蚤72.64捷氏歪水蚤12.75
    五角水母13.35
    2019年Ⅲ区中华哲水蚤41.93
    夜光虫22.94
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  2018年和2019年春季优势种和优势度

    Tab.  4  Dominant species and their dominance in spring 2018 and spring 2019

    年份优势种优势度丰度比例/%
    2018中华哲水蚤0.63264.62
    拿卡箭虫0.0546.86
    小拟哲水蚤0.0233.40
    拟长腹剑水蚤0.0203.16
    2019中华哲水蚤0.35937.79
    捷氏歪水蚤0.09825.13
    五角水母0.0590.10
    夜光虫0.05418.07
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2019-07-11
  • 修回日期:  2019-09-23
  • 网络出版日期:  2020-11-18
  • 刊出日期:  2020-06-25

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