大型附着生物对近海圆盘浮标污损的特点

林明晴; 严文侠; 曹文浩; 严涛

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.06.010

大型附着生物对近海圆盘浮标污损的特点

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.06.010

林明晴^{1, 2, 3,},
严文侠¹,
曹文浩^{1, 3},
严涛^{1, 2, 3, ,}

1.
中国科学院南海海洋研究所热带海洋生物资源与生态重点实验室，广东广州 510301
2.
中国科学院大学，北京 100049
3.
中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所固体润滑国家重点实验室，甘肃兰州 730000

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（41176102）；广东省海洋和渔业发展专项（A201701C06）；固体润滑国家重点实验室开放课题（LSL-1813）。

详细信息

作者简介:
林明晴（1993-），女，广西壮族自治区北海市人，主要研究方向为海洋污损生物研究。E-mail：lmq0779@163.com

通讯作者:
严涛，男，博士，从事海洋污损生物与防除研究。E-mail：yantao@scsio.ac.cn

中图分类号: P714⁺.5；Q178.53
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-07-05
- 修回日期: 2019-10-10
- 网络出版日期: 2020-11-18
- 刊出日期: 2020-06-25

Characteristics of macro-fouling communities on offshore discus buoys

Lin Mingqing^{1, 2, 3
,},
Yan Wenxia¹,
Cao Wenhao^{1, 3},
Yan Tao^{1, 2, 3
, ,}

1.
Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
2.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3.
State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China

摘要

摘要: 为了解大型附着生物对近海圆盘浮标污损的特点，对布设在珠江口东南海域和北部湾东北部海域的4个圆盘浮标的大型附着生物群落进行分析研究。结果表明，浮标侧壁大型附着生物的丰度和生物量分别为400.00～78 296.00 ind./m²和659.42～62 276.00 g/m²，底部的丰度和生物量则为412.00～66 585.00 ind./m²和1 861.60～60 784.00 g/m²，多数情况下浮标底部大型附着生物的丰度和生物量高于侧壁。浮标底部的香农−威纳(Shannon-Wiener)多样性指数(H′)介于2.39～3.06之间，马格列夫(Margalef)丰富度指数(d)为4.02～6.98，皮洛(Pielou)均匀度指数(J′)为0.88～0.91；而浮标侧壁的H′为0.64～2.79，d为1.10～4.89，J′为0.58～0.96，其中H′和d均表现出底部高于侧壁。聚类分析和非度量多维标度分析结果表明，在30%的相似性水平上，可将各站位浮标侧壁和底部的大型附着生物群落分为4个群组，其中浮标底部基本上可归成1个群组，但浮标侧壁之间差异较大。单因子相似性分析和相似性百分比结果则显示，浮标侧壁和底部的生物群落结构存在明显差异，蔓足类和刺胞动物应是造成该差异的主要因素。总体来看，浮标底部相对于浮标侧壁更易被大型附着生物污损。
- 大型附着生物 /
- 群落结构 /
- 圆盘浮标 /
- 污损
Abstract: To elucidate the characteristics of macro-fouling communities on discus buoys, an assessment was conducted on 4 buoys deployed in offshore waters southeast of the Zhujiang River Delta and the northeastern Beibu Gulf, respectively. The abundance and biomass of macro-fouling organisms colonizing the side of buoys were 400.00−78 296.00 ind./m² and 659.42−62 276.00 g/m², respectively, whereas those on the bottom were 412.00−66 585.00 ind./m² and 1 861.60−60 784.00 g/m². At most stations, the abundance and biomass of macro-fouling organisms on the bottom of buoys were higher than on the side. The diversity index (H′) on the bottom of buoys ranged from 2.39 to 3.06, the richness index (d) from 4.02 to 6.98 and the evenness index (J′) from 0.88 to 0.91; and those on the side of buoys were from 0.64 to 2.79, 1.10 to 4.89 and 0.58 to 0.96, respectively. Both of the H′ and the d on the bottom of buoys were higher than on the side. According to the results of Hierarchical Cluster Analysis and Non-metric Multi-Dimensional Scaling, the macro-fouling communities of buoys could be clustered into 4 groups at 30% similarity. Of them, the communities on the bottom of the buoys could be basically clustered into a group while those on the sides varied with locations. Moreover, one-way Analysis of Similarities and Similarity Percentages-Species Contributions not only indicated that the macro-fouling community structure differed significantly between the side and bottom of the offshore buoys but also highlighted that the cirripedians and cnidarians made the greatest contribution to the difference. Overall, macro-fouling organisms preferentially colonized the bottom of discus buoys rather than the side.
- macro-fouling organisms /
- community structure /
- discus buoy /
- biofouling

HTML全文

图 1 南海北部近海浮标站位示意图

Fig. 1 Location of the offshore buoys deployed in the northern South China Sea

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 各站位浮标侧壁和底部大型附着生物的丰度(a)和生物量(b)

Fig. 2 Abundance (a) and biomass (b) of macro-fouling organisms on the side and bottom of offshore buoys

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 各站位浮标侧壁(a)和底部(b)大型附着生物组成百分比

Fig. 3 Percentage of macro-fouling organisms on the side (a) and bottom (b) of offshore buoys

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 各站位浮标侧壁和底部大型附着生物群落的聚类分析(a) 和非度量多维标度分析(b)

Fig. 4 CLUSTER (a) and nMDS (b) of macro-fouling communities on the sides and bottom of offshore buoys

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 各站位浮标侧壁和底部大型附着生物群落物种多样性

Tab. 1 Species diversity of macro-fouling communities on the side and bottom of offshore buoys

站位	采样部位	多样性指数H′	丰富度指数d	均匀度指数J′
Z1	侧壁	2.79	4.89	0.90
Z3		0.64	1.10	0.58
B1		2.21	2.99	0.96
B2		2.50	3.78	0.92
Z1	底部	2.89	5.51	0.91
Z3		2.39	4.02	0.91
B1		2.97	6.98	0.88
B2		3.06	6.49	0.89

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 浮标大型附着生物群落相似性分析

Tab. 2 Similarity analysis of macro-fouling communities on offshore buoys

因子	总差异R	组间差异R	显著水平p
侧壁, 底部	0.187	−	0.028
群组A, B, C, D	0.515	−	0.001
A, D	−	0.525	0.004
A, C	−	0.516	0.042
A, B	−	0.453	0.033
D, C	−	0.964	0.067
D, B	−	0.821	0.067
C, B	−	−0.250	0.667
注：−表示无数据。

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 浮标侧壁和底部大型附着生物中的典型种和分歧种及其贡献率（≥5%）

Tab. 3 Typical species and discriminating species of macro-fouling organisms and their contribution percentages on the side and bottom of offshore buoys (≥5%)

种名	典型种/%		分歧种/%
种名	侧壁	底部	侧壁—底部
茗荷Lepas anatifera	24.10	6.12	5.43
海葵Actiniaria sp.	22.46	17.56	6.37
圆鳃麦秆虫Caprella acutifrons	10.62	−	−
网纹藤壶Balanus reticulatus	9.98	30.86	8.68
带偏顶蛤Modiolus barbatus	9.77	−	−
刺巨藤壶Megabalanus volcano	5.07	−	−
高峰星藤壶Balanus amaryllis	−	8.56	5.00
企鹅珍珠贝Pteria penguin	−	6.87	−

下载: 导出CSV

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