Community characteristics of benthic shellfish in the coral reef of the Weizhou Island, Beibu Gulf
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摘要: 珊瑚礁是全球生物多样性最高的海洋生态系统之一，底栖贝类是该生态系统的重要组成类群。为了解北部湾涠洲岛珊瑚礁底栖贝类的群落现状及特征，于2015年秋季(10月)与2018年春季(5月)采用水肺潜水截线样条定量调查法对涠洲岛珊瑚礁区6个断面的底栖贝类进行了调查，并分析了物种组成、丰度、生物多样性指数等群落特征。综合两次调查结果显示涠洲岛珊瑚礁区共有底栖贝类128种，分别属于多板纲1科1属3种，腹足纲25科46属68种，双壳纲22科31属57种。优势种为斑顶拟舌骨牡蛎、粗衣蛤、刺荔枝螺、马蹄螺、杂色牙螺、青蚶、旗江珧、甲虫螺、蕾丝蟹守螺、珠母爱尔螺。2018年春季定量断面采集到的样品为2纲14科43种，各断面的丰度、生物量、多样性指数、物种丰度指数和均匀度指数均值分别为3.39个/m2、86.94 g/m2、3.31、3.50、0.37。通过对两年的调查数据比较，发现2015−2018年涠洲岛珊瑚礁区的贝类生物群落呈现良好演替发育趋势。南海珊瑚礁区贝类群落结构可能受到了人为干扰强度和纬度的双重影响。本研究全面掌握了涠洲岛珊瑚礁底栖贝类的种类、分布区及群落的结构与变化，可为该地区海洋生物资源开发利用、珊瑚礁保护和生态修复等工作提供数据支持。Abstract: Coral reef is one of the most diverse ecosystem in the ocean, and benthic shellfish is an important component of this ecosystem. We used the SCUBA diving line intercept transect quantitative method to investigate the community status and characteristics of benthic shellfish in the coral reef area of Weizhou Island, Beibu Gulf, covered 6 sites. Sectional benthic shellfish were qualitatively and quantitatively collected in the fall (October 2015) and spring (May 2018). The species composition, abundance, biodiversity index and so on were analyzed. Based on the two survey results, 128 species of benthic shellfish were found in the coral reefs of Weizhou Island, belonging to 1 family, 1 genera, 3 species of Polyplacophora, and 25 families, 46 generas, 68 species of Gastropoda, and 22 families, 31 generas, 57 species of Bivalvia. Dominant species are Parahyotissa numisma, Beguina semiorbiculata, Thais echinata, Trochus maculatus, Euplica versicolor, Barbatia obliquata, Atrina verxillum, Cantharus cecillei, Cerithium dialeucum, Drupa margariticola. We recorded 2 class, 14 family, 43 species in quantitative transects in spring of 2018 and the total species, biomass, Shannon-Wiener index, Margalef index and Pielou index are 3.39 ind./m2, 86.94 g/m2, 3.31, 3.50 and 0.37. By comparing and analyzing the ecological indices of benthic shellfish in different years, the shellfish biomes in the coral reefs showed good succession development during 2015 to 2018. The shellfish community in the coral reef area of the South China Sea may be affected by both the intensity of anthropogenic disturbance and latitude. This study provided valueable data to rationally develop and utilize marine biological resources, biological protection and ecological restoration for the coral reef ecosystem in the Weizhou Island.
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Key words:
- Weizhou Island /
- coral reef /
- benthic shellfish /
- ecological index
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图 2 涠洲岛珊瑚礁底栖贝类优势种
A.斑顶拟舌骨牡蛎；B. 青蚶；C. 粗衣蛤；D. 马蹄螺；E. 刺荔枝螺；F. 旗江珧；G. 蕾丝蟹守螺；H. 珠母爱尔螺；I. 杂色牙螺；J. 甲虫螺
Fig. 2 Dominant species of benthic shellfish in the coral reef area of the Weizhou Island
A. Parahyotissa numisma; B. Barbatia obliquata; C. Beguina semiorbiculata; D. Trochus maculatus; E. Thais echinata; F. Atrina verxillum; G. Cerithium dialeucum; H. Drupa margariticola; I. Euplica versicolor. J. Cantharus cecillei
表 1 北部湾涠洲岛珊瑚礁区域贝类物种组成
Tab. 1 Shellfish species composition in the coral reef area of the Weizhou Island, Beibu Gulf
物种数 腹足纲Gastropoda 双壳纲Bivalvia 多板纲Polyplacophora 2015秋 2018春 2015秋 2018春 2015秋 2018春 2015秋 2018春 总调查断面 55 89 27 47 27 40 1 2 定量调查断面 W1 9 28 4 20 5 8 − − W2 13 13 8 8 5 5 − − W3 21 26 10 17 11 9 − − W4 − 14 − 8 − 6 − − W5 − 20 − 13 − 7 − − W6 5 11 4 5 1 6 − − 平均 12 18.7 6.5 11.8 5.5 6.8 − − 注：−表示无数据。 
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表 2 各定量调查断面的贝类的生态指数
Tab. 2 Ecological index of shellfish in each quantitative survey section
生物量/g·m−2 丰度/个·m−2 香农−威纳多样性指数 皮洛均匀度指数 马格列夫丰富度指数 2015秋 2018春 2015秋 2018春 2015秋 2018春 2015秋 2018春 2015秋 2018春 W1 22.14 111.15 0.38 5.00 2.72 4.71 0.86 0.57 1.88 4.88 W2 92.75 132.48 0.68 4.34 2.70 2.09 0.44 0.21 1.97 2.42 W3 130.35 116.48 0.75 5.26 3.21 4.37 0.73 0.41 3.21 4.48 W4 − 41.46 − 1.34 − 2.92 − 0.41 − 3.09 W5 − 32.95 − 2.92 − 3.65 − 0.46 − 3.81 W6 8.35 87.13 0.28 1.48 2.13 2.11 0.92 0.14 1.04 2.32 均值 63.40 86.94 0.52 3.39 2.69 3.31 0.74 0.37 2.03 3.50 注：−表示无数据。
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表 3 优势种对生物量的贡献度
Tab. 3 The contribution of dominant species to biomass
优势种 优势度 优势种对生物量的贡献度/% W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 均值 2015秋 斑顶拟舌骨牡蛎 0.274 22.87 55.95 86.65 − − 34.98 50.11 粗衣蛤 0.138 65.35 34.33 3.75 − − 0.00 25.86 刺荔枝螺 0.121 1.46 0.29 0.21 − − 4.67 1.66 马蹄螺 0.036 0.00 0.00 0.49 − − 56.86 14.34 杂色牙螺 0.028 0.00 0.00 0.19 − − 0.00 0.05 青蚶 0.021 0.00 0.59 0.63 − − 0.00 0.31 旗江珧 0.021 0.00 0.30 0.60 − − 0.00 0.22 甲虫螺 0.021 0.00 0.02 0.01 − − 0.00 0.01 2018春 杂色牙螺 0.097 0.79 42.86 17.23 0.00 6.71 0.00 11.00 蕾丝蟹守螺 0.139 30.43 8.29 24.34 1.43 7.38 0.00 11.98 珠母爱尔螺 0.068 2.77 19.82 5.24 0.00 12.08 2.70 7.10 刺荔枝螺 0.147 4.74 4.15 16.85 45.71 22.15 27.03 20.11 斑顶拟舌骨牡蛎 0.054 4.74 7.83 1.12 2.86 1.34 27.03 7.49 粗衣蛤 0.063 1.18 10.59 8.24 8.57 5.37 4.05 5.95 注：−表示无数据。
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表 4 涠洲岛、三亚、渚碧礁和西沙珊瑚礁贝类资源状况对比
Tab. 4 Comparison of shellfish resources between Weizhou Island, Sanya, Zhubi Reef and Xisha coral reefs
物种数 丰度/个·m−2 生物量/g·m−2 涠洲岛（2018春） 89 3.39 86.94 三亚 40 70.86 41.68 西沙珊瑚礁 >100 54 5029.2 渚碧礁 130 − − 注：−表示无数据。
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