Characteristics of community structure and the dynamic changes of macrobenthos in the Laizhou Bay
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摘要: 本文以莱州湾2009年夏季(8月)、秋季(10月)及2010年春季(5月)、夏季(8月)4个季节大型底栖动物资料为基础,对莱州湾大型底栖动物的种类组成、丰度、生物量、优势种进行了研究,同时与历史资料进行对比,探讨了莱州湾大型底栖动物的群落结构特征及动态变化。4个航次中共鉴定出大型底栖动物272种,其中包括环节动物多毛类122种,软体动物46种,甲壳动物64种,棘皮动物18种,鱼类9种,其他类13种。调查海域平均丰度为(1102.56 ± 216.32) ind./m2, 多毛类在丰度上占绝对优势;平均生物量为(28.16 ± 8.45) g/m2,软体动物占据优势。丰度和生物量空间分布规律具有很强的相似性,低值区位于莱州湾西部黄河口邻近海域,高值区位于渤海中部海域。丰度和生物量季节变化明显,夏季最高,秋季其次,春季最低。多毛类不倒翁虫(Sternaspis sculata)、寡鳃齿吻沙蚕(Nephthys oligobranchia)、紫壳阿文蛤(Alvenius ojianus)等是莱州湾调查海域的优势种。通过与历史资料的对比发现,莱州湾大型底栖动物种类组成及优势种类出现小型化的趋势。Abstract: Based on the macrobenthos materials samples collected in August 2009, October 2009, May 2010 and August 2010 in the Laizhou Bay, the present study analyzed species composition, abundance, biomass, community structure and compared with historical data of macrobenthos. The results suggested that 272 species of macrobenthos were identified in the research region, including 122 species of Polychaetea, 64 of Crustacea, 46 of Mullusca, 18 of Echinodermata, 9 of Pisces and 13 of other groups. The total average abundance was (1102.56±216.32) ind./m2, average biomass was (28.16±8.45) g/m2, Polychaetes were the most dominant groups in the abundance and Mollusks were dominant in the biomass. Regarding the spatial influence on macrobenthos, low values of abundance and biomass usually appeared in stations outside of the Huanghe River Estuary in the west of the bay, but high values occurred in the central of Bohai Sea. Regarding the temporal influence on macrobenthos, significant seasonal variations in the abundance and biomass were observed. The dominant species were distinct, the relative important species were Sternaspis sculata, Glycinde gurjanovae and Alvenius ojianus. Compared with the historical data, the species composition and dominant species had showed an obvious miniaturization trend.
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Key words:
- Huanghe River Estuary /
- abundance /
- biomass /
- macrobenthos
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表 1 莱州湾4个航次大型底栖动物的相对重要性指数(IRI)
Tab. 1 Results of IRI of macrobenthos in Laizhou Bay
种名 2009年
8月种名 2009年
10月种名 2010年
5月种名 2010年
8月不倒翁虫(Sternaspis sculata) 1233 寡鳃齿吻沙蚕(Nephthysoligobranchia) 1411 不倒翁虫(Sternaspis sculata) 1756 寡鳃齿吻沙蚕
(Nephthys oligobranchia)1243 紫壳阿文蛤
(Alvenius ojianus)972 不倒翁虫
(Sternaspis sculata)1256 寡鳃齿吻沙蚕
(Nephthys oligobranchia)863 紫壳阿文蛤
(Alvenius ojianus)991 寡鳃齿吻沙蚕
(Nephthys oligobranchia)802 纵肋织纹螺
(Nassarius variciferus)863 细长涟虫(Iphinoe tenera) 814 不倒翁虫(Sternaspis sculata) 973 细长涟虫(Iphinoe tenera) 730 紫壳阿文蛤(Alvenius ojianus) 710 脆壳理蛤(Thieora lata) 804 脆壳理蛤(Thieora lata) 882 秀丽波纹蛤
(Raetellops fortilirata)660 细长涟虫(Iphinoe tenera) 496 紫壳阿文蛤
(Alvenius ojianus)529 细长涟虫(Iphinoe tenera) 868 深沟毛虫(Sigambra bassi) 524 寡节甘吻沙蚕
(Glycinde gurjanovae)482 纵肋织纹螺
(Nassarius variciferus)466 中蚓虫(Mediomastus sp) 567 微型小海螂
(Leptomya minuta)431 中蚓虫(Mediomastus sp) 428 微型小海螂
(Leptomya minuta)345 深沟毛虫(Sigambra bassi) 538 中蚓虫(Mediomastus sp) 364 秀丽波纹蛤
(Raetellops fortilirata)356 背尾水虱(Cythura sp.) 242 纵肋织纹螺
(Nassarius variciferus)300 脆壳理蛤(Thieora lata) 246 纽虫(Iphinoe tenera) 206 中蚓虫(Mediomastus sp) 209 微型小海螂
(Leptomya minuta)279 寡节甘吻沙蚕
(Glycinde gurjanovae)120 日本背棘蛇尾
(Amphioplus japonicus)101 秀丽波纹蛤
(Raetellops fortilirata)167 纽虫(Iphinoe tenera) 206 纵肋织纹螺
(Nassarius variciferus)116 日本背棘蛇尾
(Amphioplus japonicus)156 表 2 不同海域大型底栖动物种类数、丰度、生物量比较
Tab. 2 Comparisons of species, abundance and biomass in the different waters
调查海域 时间 种类数/种 丰度/ind.·m−2 生物量/g·m−2 文献 渤海 1982年7月 − 343 2.76 [13] 渤海 1997−1999年 306 2 575 42.59 [14] 渤海 2008年 300 1094.7 11.78 [15] 黄海北部 1999年12月 178 357 44.65 [16] 黄海北部 2007年1月 322 1 883 38.86 [17] 渤海海峡 1997年6月至1998年9月 − 3 968 103.27 [14] 黄海北部近岸 1997年6月至1998年7月 107 511 106.1 [18] 黄海南部 2000−2001年 272 272 19.23 [19] 黄河口及其邻近海域 1982年5月 − 557 35.28 [20] 莱州湾 2009−2010年 272 1102.56 28.16 本文 注:“−”表示无数据 表 3 本研究与莱州湾历史数据的比较
Tab. 3 Comparison with the historical data in the Laizhou Bay
表 4 甲壳类的种名录
Tab. 4 The list of Crustacea species in the Laizhou Bay
种名 2009年
8月2009年
10月2010年
5月2010年
8月日本鼓虾 (Alpheus jiaponicus) + − − + 安乐虾 (Eualus sp.) − − + + 细鳌虾 (Leptoehela graeili) − + − + 长指马尓他钩虾
(Melita longidactyla)+ + + + 细长涟虫 (Iphinoe tenera) + − + + 鲜明鼓虾 (Alpheus heterocarpus) + − + + 双斑蟳 (Charybdis bimaculata) + + + + 口虾蛄 (Oratasauilla oratoria) + − + + 日本浪漂水蚤
(Cirloana japonensis)+ − + + 博氏双眼钩虾 (Ampelisca bocki) − + − − 轮双眼钩虾 (Ampelisca cyclops) + + + + 日本沙钩虾 (Byblis japonicus) − − − + 中华蜾赢蜚 (Corophium siense) − + + + 刘氏拟钩虾
(Gammaropsis liuruiyui)− − − + 短小拟钩虾 (Gammaropsis nitids) − − + − 内海拟钩虾
(Gammaropsis utinomii)− + − + 平掌拟钩虾
(Gammaropsis laevipalmata)+ − − + 长尾亮钩虾 (Photis longicaudata) + + + − 中华拟亮钩虾
(Paraphotis sinensis)− − + + 中华利尔钩虾 (Liljeborgia sinica) + + + + 小头弹钩虾
(Orchomene breviceps)+ − + − 塞切尔泥钩虾
(Eriopisella sechellensis)+ − + + 马尔他钩虾 (Melita sp.) − + − + 凹板钩虾 (Caviplaxus sp.) − + + + 注:+表示该航次采集到该种类,−表示没有采集到该种类。 -
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