基于气温的浮冰侧向融化速率参数化方案实验研究

艾润冰; 谢涛; 刘彬贤; 赵立; 方贺

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.05.014

基于气温的浮冰侧向融化速率参数化方案实验研究

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.05.014

艾润冰^1,,
谢涛^{2, 3, ,},
刘彬贤⁴,
赵立¹,
方贺¹

1.
南京信息工程大学海洋科学学院，江苏南京 210044
2.
南京信息工程大学遥感与测绘工程学院，江苏南京 210044
3.
青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室区域海洋动力学与数值模拟功能实验室，山东青岛 266237
4.
天津海洋中心气象台，天津 300074

基金项目: 全球变化研究国家重大科学研究计划（2015CB953901）；国家自然科学基金（41776181，41675046）；国家重点研发计划（2018YFC1506404）。

详细信息

作者简介:
艾润冰（1995-），女，河南省许昌市人，主要从事海冰侧向融化过程研究。E-mail：20171204303@nuist.edu.cn

通讯作者:
谢涛，教授，主要从事海洋遥感研究。E-mail：xietao@nuist.edu.cn

中图分类号: P731.15
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-04-03
- 修回日期: 2019-06-07
- 网络出版日期: 2020-11-18
- 刊出日期: 2020-05-25

An experimental study on parametric scheme of lateral melting rate of ice layer based on temperature

Ai Runbing^1
,,
Xie Tao^{2, 3
, ,},
Liu Binxian⁴,
Zhao Li¹,
Fang He¹

1.
School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
2.
School of Remote Sensing and Geomatics Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
3.
Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
4.
Tianjin Ocean Centre Meteorological Observatory, Tianjin 300074, China

摘要

摘要: 为定量探究影响冰层侧向融化的主导因素，并简化冰层侧向融化速率参数化方案，在实验室模拟了无风、静水、无辐射、纯热力学条件下纯水冰的融化过程，测量了冰层的侧向融化量，并记录了融化期间实验室气温、冰面皮温、水温及冰温等要素。观测结果表明，无辐射纯热力学条件下冰层侧向融化整体较均匀，侧向上层和下层融化速率相对中间层较快；相关性分析结果表明，气温与水温、冰温、冰面皮温之间都有很好的线性相关；信息流结果表明，气温是影响冰层侧向融化的最主要因素；最后通过拟合建立了用气温表征冰层侧向融化速率的参数化方案，并与前人的方案进行了比较，结果显示本文参数化方案模拟效果较好，所得标准偏差最小，为0.08 mm/h，达到了简化参数的目的。
- 无辐射纯热力学 /
- 侧向融化 /
- 信息流 /
- 参数化方案
Abstract: In order to quantitatively explore the main factors that affect the lateral melting of the ice layer and simplify the parametric scheme of the lateral melting rate of the ice layer, the melting process of pure water ice under the conditions of no wind, still water, no radiation and pure thermodynamics was simulated in the laboratory, the lateral melting amount of the ice layer was measured, and the laboratory air temperature, ice skin temperature, water temperature, ice temperature and other factors during melting were recorded. The observation results show that under the pure thermodynamic condition of no radiation, the ice layer melts uniformly in the lateral, and the melting rate of the upper and lower layers is faster than that of the middle layer. The results of correlation analysis show that there is a good linear correlation between air temperature and water temperature, ice temperature and ice skin temperature. Information flow results show that air temperature is the most important factor affecting the lateral melting of ice. Finally, a parametric model between the lateral melting rate and the air temperature is established by fitting, and is compared with previous parametric schemes. The results show that the parametric model in this study has a better simulation effect, and the standard deviation is the smallest, which is 0.08 mm/h, thus achieving the purpose of simplifying the parameters.
- non-radiative pure thermodynamics /
- lateral melting /
- information flow /
- parametricscheme

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图 1 实验室装置系统示意图

Fig. 1 The schematic of laboratory equipment system

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图 2 侧向融化测量装置示意图

Fig. 2 The schematic of lateral melting measuring device

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图 3 融化期间观测的气温、水温及冰温

Fig. 3 Observing air temperature, water temperature and ice temperature during melting

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图 4 实验期间冰侧向融化剖面

Fig. 4 The lateral melting profile of ice during the experiment

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图 5 气温与水温、水冰温差及冰面皮温之间的相关性

Fig. 5 The correlation between air temperature and water temperature, water-ice temperature difference and ice skin temperature

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图 6 −8 cm处侧向融化速率与气温拟合

Fig. 6 The fitting diagram of lateral melting rate at −8 cm and air temperature

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图 7 各参数化方案模拟结果与实测数据对比

Fig. 7 The comparison of simulation results and measured data of each parameterization scheme

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表 1 气温与水温及水冰温差之间的拟合优度R²

Tab. 1 The goodness of fit R² between air temperature and water temperature, water-ice temperature difference

	–2 cm	–3 cm	–4 cm	–5 cm	–6 cm	–7 cm	–8 cm	–9 cm	–10 cm	–11 cm
气温–水温	0.96	0.72	0.92	0.74	0.77	0.82	0.87	0.91	0.91	0.91
气温–水冰温差	0.52	0.72	0.85	0.64	0.70	0.74	0.80	0.86	0.80	0.81

	–12 cm	–13 cm	–14 cm	–15 cm	–16 cm	–17 cm	–18 cm	–19 cm	–20 cm
气温–水温	0.91	0.91	0.90	0.90	0.90	0.90	0.89	0.89	0.89
气温–水冰温差	0.82	0.81	0.80	0.86	0.87	0.86	0.82	0.85	0.85

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表 2 各影响因素与侧向融化速率之间的信息流

Tab. 2 Information flow between each influencing factor and the rate of lateral melting

深度/cm	信息传递方向
深度/cm	T_a→M_r	M_r→T_a	T_w→M_r	M_r→T_w	T_s→M_r	M_r→T_s	∆T→M_r	M_r→∆T
0	0.017	0.004	–	–	0.029	–0.004	–	–
–1	–0.004	–0.002	–	–	0.003	–0.001	–	–
–2	–0.004	–0.002	–0.041	–0.036	0.001	0.000	–0.041	–0.036
–3	0.123	0.015	0.007	–0.012	0.109	0.032	0.005	–0.010
–4	0.204	0.029	0.007	0.007	0.185	0.053	0.000	0.000
–5	0.259	0.099	0.296	0.043	0.291	0.026	0.303	0.053
–6	0.446	–0.133	0.311	0.019	0.372	–0.070	0.311	0.034
–7	0.589	–0.065	0.474	0.052	0.570	–0.023	0.447	0.066
–8	0.557	–0.012	0.463	0.098	0.489	0.029	0.473	0.120
–9	0.453	0.068	0.393	0.051	0.443	0.023	0.421	0.079
–10	0.545	–0.109	0.355	–0.005	0.524	–0.092	0.250	0.198
–11	0.435	0.049	0.313	0.105	0.393	0.029	0.287	0.224
–12	0.502	–0.174	0.332	–0.032	0.416	–0.051	0.246	0.101
–13	0.435	–0.158	0.300	–0.009	0.348	–0.073	0.238	0.118
–14	0.400	0.092	0.354	0.091	0.395	0.029	0.321	0.135
–15	0.315	–0.006	0.305	0.038	0.316	0.009	0.332	0.050
–16	0.183	0.079	0.101	0.099	0.210	0.076	0.126	0.092
–17	0.372	0.118	0.327	0.115	0.351	0.047	0.326	0.125
–18	0.359	0.075	0.291	0.072	0.330	0.026	0.310	0.070
–19	0.244	–0.051	0.138	0.107	0.232	–0.014	0.119	0.170
–20	0.230	0.007	0.167	0.059	0.177	0.026	0.192	0.096
–21	0.281	–0.070	–	–	0.222	–0.002	–	–
–22	0.140	0.002	–	–	0.106	0.001	–	–
–23	0.129	0.011	–	–	0.102	0.000	–	–
–24	0.171	–0.070	–	–	0.126	–0.065	–	–
–25	0.161	–0.019	–	–	0.124	–0.036	–	–
–26	0.092	–0.015	–	–	0.067	–0.022	–	–
注：M_r表示侧向融化速率，T_a表示气温，T_s表示冰面皮温，T_w表示对应层水温，∆T表示对应层水冰温差，–表示水温数据缺失。

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表 3 各参数化方案模拟结果与实测数据标准偏差

Tab. 3 The standard deviation between simulation results and measured data of each parameterization scheme

参数化方案	Josberger和 Martin^[13]	Maykut和 Perovich^[14]–风速1 m/s	Maykut和 Perovich^[14]–风速0.5 m/s	Maykut和 Perovich^[14]–风速0.1 m/s	Maykut和 Perovich^[14]–风速0.01 m/s	Steele^[15]	本文
标准偏差/mm·h^–1	0.11	0.13	0.08	0.11	0.13	0.12	0.08

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