不同形态海湾的水底平衡剖面研究

苏文亮; 邹志利; 张庆民

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.05.012

不同形态海湾的水底平衡剖面研究

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.05.012

大连理工大学海岸及近海工程国家重点实验室，辽宁大连 116024

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（51879033）。

详细信息

作者简介:
苏文亮（1990-），男，山东省德州市人，主要从事海湾动力地貌演变研究。E-mail：suwenliang@mail.dlut.edu.cn

通讯作者:
邹志利（1957-)，男，黑龙省江伊春市人，教授，主要从事海岸水动力和海岸动力地貌研究。E-mail：zlzou@dlut.edu.cn

中图分类号: P737.23
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- 文章访问数: 153
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2017-05-12
- 修回日期: 2019-03-05
- 网络出版日期: 2020-11-18
- 刊出日期: 2020-05-25

Equilibrium bottom profiles of different embayment configurations

State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China

摘要

摘要: 研究海湾平衡剖面对理解海湾地貌演变具有重要意义。本文给出了收缩型、扩张型和矩形3种典型海湾平面形态对平衡剖面的影响。建立了海湾长度远小于潮汐波长的短尺度海湾的平衡剖面和对应的时均悬沙浓度的解析解。采用水深平均的水动力方程、泥沙输移方程和地形演变方程的耦合模型对以上3种类型海湾的平衡剖面进行了数值模拟，得到了这3种类型海湾的水面、流速、时均悬沙浓度和平衡剖面的计算结果，并利用水面数值结果确定了海湾水面解析解所含的一个待定常数。研究结果给出了3种不同海湾平面形态所对应的平衡剖面形态：矩形海湾对应斜坡型；收缩型海湾对应下凹型；扩张型海湾对应上凸型。所得海湾平衡剖面和时均悬沙浓度的解析解与数值解一致。
- 海湾 /
- 平衡剖面 /
- 数值模拟 /
- 悬沙浓度
Abstract: Investigating the morphodynamic equilibrium of embayment is important to understand the evolution of coastal morphology. This study investigates the effect of embayment shape on equilibrium bottom profile of the embayment. Three typical embayments, rectangular, convergent and divergent types, are considered to examine their bottom equilibrium profiles analytically and numerically. The approximate analytic solutions for bottom equilibrium profile and mean sand concentration applicable to the three types of the embayments are established for the case of embayment’s length much smaller than tidal wave length. The two-dimensional depth-average model coupling hydrodynamics, sand transformation and bottom evolution is adopted to simulate the embayment equilibrium state of these three types of embayments, and the numerical result of surface elevation is then applied to determine the two parameters contained in the bottom analytic solution. The research results give the three different equilibrium bottom profiles: the plane slope for rectangular embayment; the downward convex form for convergent embayment and the upward concave form for divergent embayment. The good agreements between the theoretical and numerical results of tidal current, sand concentration and bottom profile are achieved.
- embayment /
- equilibrium profile /
- numerical simulation /
- sand concentration

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图 1 坐标系（以扩张型海湾为例）

Fig. 1 Coordinate system (divergent embayment)

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图 2 水面幅值${\eta _a}$、速度幅值${u_0}$、水底剖面h计算结果和水平一维模型的结果(Todeschini等^[8])的对比

Fig. 2 Comparison of the calculation results of surface elevation ${\eta _a}$, velocity amplitude ${u_0}$, bottom profile $h$ with horizontal one-dimensional model (Todeschini et al.^[8])

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图 3 收缩型海湾地形几何形态(a)和初始地形(b)

Fig. 3 Geometry(a) and initial terrain (b) of convergent embayment

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图 4 收缩型海湾速度幅值${u_0}$(a)、水面幅值${\eta _a}$空间分布和地形剖面h演变(b)

Fig. 4 Distribution of velocity amplitude ${u_0}$(a), surface elevation ${\eta _a}$ and terrain profile evolution $h$(b) in convergent embayment

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图 5 收缩型海湾时均浓度差$ \left\langle {{C_*} - C} \right\rangle $和悬沙浓度$\left\langle C \right\rangle $的空间分布

Fig. 5 Distribution of suspended sediment concentration $\left\langle C \right\rangle $ and difference $\left\langle {{C_*} - C} \right\rangle $ in convergent embayment

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图 6 收缩型海湾水面幅值${\eta _a}$、平衡剖面h数值结果和解析解结果对比

Fig. 6 Comparison between numerical result and analytical result of surface elevation ${\eta _a}$ and equilibrium profile $h$ in convergent embayment

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图 7 扩张型海湾速度幅值${u_0}$ (a)、水面幅值${\eta _a}$空间分布和地形剖面h演变(b)

Fig. 7 Distribution of velocity amplitude ${u_0}$ (a), surface elevation ${\eta _a}$ and terrain profile evolution $h$ (b) in divergent embayment

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图 8 扩张型海湾时均浓度差$\left\langle {{C_*} - C} \right\rangle $和悬沙浓度$\left\langle C \right\rangle $的空间分布

Fig. 8 Distribution of suspended sediment concentration $\left\langle C \right\rangle $ and difference $\left\langle {{C_*} - C} \right\rangle $ in divergent embayment

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图 9 扩张型海湾水面幅值${\eta _a}$、平衡剖面h数值结果和解析解结果对比

Fig. 9 Comparison between numerical result and analytical result of surface elevation ${\eta _a}$ and equilibrium profile $h$ in divergent embayment

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图 10 取水底地形为理论解(15)时速度幅值${u_0}$分布及其与数值计算的速度分布的对比

Fig. 10 Distribution of velocity amplitude ${u_0}$ correspond to analytical solution(15)

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图 11 矩形海湾速度幅值${u_0}$分布(a)、水面幅值${\eta _a}$和地形剖面h演变(b)

Fig. 11 Distribution of velocity amplitude ${u_0}$ (a), surface elevation ${\eta _a}$ and terrain profile evolution $h$ (b) in rectangular embayment

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图 12 矩形海湾水面幅值${\eta _a}$、平衡剖面h数值结果和解析解结果

Fig. 12 Numerical result and analytical result of surface elevation ${\eta _a}$ and equilibrium profile $h$

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图 13 矩形海湾时均悬沙浓度$\left\langle C \right\rangle $和时间浓度差$ \left\langle {{{C}}_{\rm{*}}}{{ - C }}\right\rangle$的空间分布

Fig. 13 Distribution of suspended sediment concentration $\left\langle C \right\rangle $ and difference $\left\langle {{C_*} - C} \right\rangle $ in rectangular embayment

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图 14 水面幅值${\eta _a}(x)$和速度幅值${u_a}(x)$的理论解（收缩型海湾）

Fig. 14 Theoretical solution of surface elevation ${\eta _a}(x)$ and velocity amplitude ${u_a}(x)$(convergent embayment)

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