1960−2017年北部湾珊瑚礁区海洋热浪增强原因分析

张文静; 郑兆勇; 张婷; 陈天然

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.05.005

1960−2017年北部湾珊瑚礁区海洋热浪增强原因分析

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.05.005

张文静^{1, 2, 3,},
郑兆勇⁴,
张婷^{1, 2, 3},
陈天然^{1, 3, ,}

1.
中国科学院南海海洋研究所中国科学院边缘海与大洋地质重点实验室，广东广州 510301
2.
中国科学院大学，北京 100049
3.
中国科学院南海生态环境工程创新研究院，广东广州 510301
4.
自然资源部南海局，广东广州 510300

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（41676049，41476038）；国家海洋局南海分局局长基金（1673）；中国科学院青年创新促进会项目（2015284）。

详细信息

作者简介:
张文静(1994—），女，福建省南平市人，从事珊瑚礁地质与气候变化研究。E-mail：zhangqaq@163.com

通讯作者:
陈天然（1981—），研究员，主要从事珊瑚礁地球化学和生态学研究。E-mail：chentianran@scsio.ac.cn

中图分类号: P731.11
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- 文章访问数: 239
- HTML全文浏览量: 100
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-06-14
- 修回日期: 2019-10-15
- 网络出版日期: 2020-11-18
- 刊出日期: 2020-05-25

Strengthened marine heatwaves over the Beibu Gulf coral reef regions from 1960 to 2017

Zhang Wenjing^{1, 2, 3
,},
Zheng Zhaoyong⁴,
Zhang Ting^{1, 2, 3},
Chen Tianran^{1, 3
, ,}

1.
Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
2.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3.
Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
4.
South China Sea Branch, Ministry of Natural Resources, Guangzhou 510300, China

摘要

摘要: 在全球气候变化、区域气候因素的共同作用下，海洋热浪频发，北部湾珊瑚礁正处于快速退化之中。探究海洋热浪逐年增强的机制，对预测珊瑚礁未来生长环境具有重要意义。根据北部湾东部4个海洋站(北海、涠洲、海口、东方)实测海表温度历史资料和该海域的相关气候资料，选取SSTA、DHM、DHW、DHD 4种指标，采用相关分析和对比分析法探讨该海域近58年海洋热浪的变化趋势及原因，结果表明：(1)1960−2017年北部湾东部珊瑚礁区海洋热浪爆发的强度及频率逐年波动上升；(2)海洋热浪逐年增强源于全球性的厄尔尼诺事件增多、区域性的高压系统增强及风场减弱等多因素共同作用；(3)全球变暖背景下造成的海洋热浪爆发对北部湾东部海域的珊瑚礁生态系统已经造成不利影响。
- 海洋热浪 /
- 海表温度 /
- 南海高压 /
- 珊瑚礁 /
- 北部湾
Abstract: Under the effects of global climate change and regional climate factors, marine heatwaves occur frequently, resulting in a decline of coral reefs over the Beibu Gulf. Understanding the mechanisms of strengthened marine heatwaves is critical for predicting the future evolution of local reef ecosystems. According to sea surface temperature recorded from four marine stations (Beihai, Weizhou, Haikou, Dongfang) in the eastern part of Beibu Gulf, we analyzed the sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA), degree heating mouths (DHM), degree heating weeks (DHW) and degree heating days (DHD) which are typical proxies for identifying the marine heat waves (MHW) with its tendency and frequency during the past 58 years. The results show that: (1) The intensity and frequency of marine heat waves (MHW) in 1960−2017 displayed an increasing tendency; (2) The strengthened MHW is probably attributed to many factors, including the increase of El Niño events, regional high-pressure system enhancement, wind weakening; (3) MHW caused by global warming will adversely affect coral reef ecosystems over the Beibu Gulf.
- marine heatwaves /
- SST /
- South China Sea Subtropical High /
- coral reef /
- Beibu Gulf

HTML全文

图 1 北部湾海洋站位置及涠洲岛和徐闻珊瑚礁分布（据文献[10-11]）

Fig. 1 Location of marine stations in the Beibu Gulf and distribution of coral reefs in the Weizhoudao Station and Xuwen Station (based on reference [10-11])

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图 2 1960−2017年夏季北部湾海域海洋热浪变化趋势

a. SSTA变化趋势；b. DHM变化趋势；c. DHD变化趋势；d. DHW变化趋势；图中趋势线的b为上升率，R为相关系数

Fig. 2 Tendency of marine heatwaves during the summer of 1960−2017 in the Beibu Gulf

a. SSTA tendency; b. DHM tendency; c. DHD tendency; d. DHW tendency; b is rising rate and R is the correlation coefficient

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图 3 1960−2017年夏季南海高压指数：强度、面积指数（a）；西脊点（b）；ONI指数、北部湾海域最热月净热通量（c）；南海夏季风强度距平变化^[23]（d）；涠洲岛海洋站SST、NOAA卫星监测SST（e）；2015年1月至2016年12月ONI指数（f）；净热通量、感热、潜热、短波辐射、长波辐射（g）；南海高压指数：强度、面积指数（h）；西脊点（i）;涠洲岛海洋站SST（j）

Fig. 3 The trend of summer South China Sea subtropical high indexes in 1960−2017: intensity and area index (a), the west-extending ridge(b); ONI index and net heat flux (c); summer wind speed anomalies in the South China Sea^[23] (d); SST of Weizhou Marine Station and NOAA (e); the time series from Janauary, 2015 to December, 2016 of ONI index (f); net heat flux, sensible heat, latent heat, short-wave radiation, long-wave radiation (g); intensity and area index (h); the west-extending ridge (i); SST of Weizhou Marine Station (j)

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表 1 量化海洋热浪4种指标的计算方法

Tab. 1 Four proxies for defining marine heatwaves

指标	计算方法
SSTA/℃	SSTA=T-LMST；T为海洋站夏季月平均SST序列，LMST为海洋站的长期平均夏季温度
DHM/℃·月	DHM=Ʃ((T-LMST)>0)；T为海洋站夏季月平均SST序列，LMST为海洋站的长期平均夏季温度
DHW/℃·周	DHW=(Ʃ₇(T-SSTM))_max；T为海洋站夏季日平均SST序列，SSTM为海洋站的最热月平均温度气候值
DHD/d	DHD=Ʃ(T-LMST)；T为海洋站夏季日平均SST序列，LMST为海洋站的长期平均夏季温度

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 3次超强E1 Niño事件参数与热浪指标

Tab. 2 E1 Niño index and MHW indexes of three strong E1 Niño events

	持续时间/月	峰值强度/℃	累计SSTA/℃	连续超过20℃时间/月	涠洲站			东方站
	持续时间/月	峰值强度/℃	累计SSTA/℃	连续超过20℃时间/月	DHM/℃·月	DHD/d	DHW/℃·周	DHM/℃·月	DHD/d	DHW/℃·周
1982/1983	15	2.2	20.5	4	0.8	54	10.2	0.2	56	8.2
1997/1998	11	2.4	21.7	5	0.5	54	7.8	0	98	7.2
2015/2016	19	2.6	24.9	6	0.5	37	9.5	1	84	7.3

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