基于Chirp数据和Biot-Stoll模型反演南海北部陆坡海底表层沉积物物理性质

周庆杰; 李西双; 刘乐军; 刘洋廷; 高珊; 周航; 王景强; 李天光

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.03.007

基于Chirp数据和Biot-Stoll模型反演南海北部陆坡海底表层沉积物物理性质

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.03.007

周庆杰^{1, 2,},
李西双^{1, 3, ,},
刘乐军¹,
刘洋廷^{1, 2},
高珊^{1, 2},
周航¹,
王景强^{1, 2},
李天光¹

1.
自然资源部第一海洋研究所海洋沉积与环境地质国家海洋局重点实验室，山东青岛 266061
2.
青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋地质过程与环境功能实验室，山东青岛 266061
3.
青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋矿产资源评价与探测技术功能实验室，山东青岛 266071

基金项目: 全球变化与海气相互作用（GASI-GEOGE-05）；国家自然科学基金（41876061）；国家重点研发计划（2016YFC0301403）；基于地球物理属性数据反演工程地质参数研究。

详细信息

作者简介:
周庆杰（1989-），男，山东省安丘市人，助理工程师，从事海洋地球物理调查与研究相关工作。E-mail：zhouqj@fio.org.cn

通讯作者:
李西双（1976-），男，山东省嘉祥县人，副研究员，主要从事海洋浅层沉积结构、活动构造的声学探测与研究。E-mail：lxs@fio.org.cn

中图分类号: P736.21
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-05-21
- 修回日期: 2019-08-27
- 网络出版日期: 2020-11-18
- 刊出日期: 2020-03-25

Physical properties of the seabed inversed based on Chirp data and the Biot-Stoll model in the northern continental slope of the South China Sea

Zhou Qingjie^{1, 2
,},
Li Xishuang^{1, 3
, ,},
Liu Lejun¹,
Liu Yangting^{1, 2},
Gao Shan^{1, 2},
Zhou Hang¹,
Wang Jingqiang^{1, 2},
Li Tianguang¹

1.
Key Laboratory of Marine Sedimentology and Environmental Geology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
2.
Laboratory for Marine Geology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266061, China
3.
Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071, China

摘要

摘要: 浅地层剖面是基于声学信号(频率在几百至几千赫兹)在沉积物中的传播得到可反映沉积地层结构的数据，海底反射系数与沉积物物理性质密切相关。Biot-Stoll声波传播理论模型可以预测海底沉积物的物理性质，构建反射系数等声学参数与物理参数之间的关系，但在不同的海域采用不同的参数所获得的效果不同。为此，本文基于南海北部陆坡海底表层沉积物的实测物理参数，利用Biot-Stoll模型建立研究区海底反射系数和沉积物物理性质之间的关系，结果表明模型计算值与样品实测值吻合度总体较好，偏差在0.1%～4.9%之间，并建立了频率3.5 kHz时海底反射系数与沉积物孔隙度、密度、平均粒径之间的关系方程，且方程拟合度较高，可决系数R²均大于0.99。在对典型Chirp剖面数据计算其海底反射系数的基础上，反演了海底表层沉积物的孔隙度、密度、颗粒平均粒径等物理性质，其中反演孔隙度、密度、平均粒径与实测孔隙度、密度、平均粒径相对误差均小于5%，结果与实测值基本相符，表明该反演方法在南海北部陆坡区的应用是可行的。
- Chirp浅剖数据 /
- Biot-Stoll模型 /
- 海底反射系数 /
- 沉积物物理性质 /
- 南海北部陆坡
Abstract: Sub-bottom profile is based on the acoustic signal (frequency in hundreds to thousands Hz) in the sediment propagation to reflect the sedimentary formation structure. The seabed reflection coefficient is closely related to the sediments physical properties. The Biot-Stoll theoretical model can predict the physical properties of seabed sediments and establish the relationship between acoustic parameters such as reflection coefficient and physical parameters, but the results obtained by using different parameters in different sea areas are different. For this, this article is based on the measured sediments physical parameters in the northern slope of the South China Sea to establish the relationship between the reflection coefficient and the sediments physical parameters based on Biot-Stoll model. The results show that the calculated value of the model is in good agreement with the measured value of the sample, and the equation for the relationship between the bottom reflection coefficient and the porosity, density, mean grain size of sediments at a frequency of 3.5 kHz is established. The equation has a high fitting degree, and the determination coefficient R² is all greater than 0.99. On the basis of calculating the seabed reflection coefficient by the typical Chirp profile data, the porosity, density and mean grain size of the sub-bottom sediments are inversed. The relative errors of the inversion porosity, density, mean grain size and the measured porosity, density, mean grain size are all less than 5%, and the results are basically consistent with the measured values, indicating that the inversion method is feasible in the northern continental slope area of the South China Sea.
- Chirp sub-bottom profile data /
- Biot-Stoll model /
- seabed reflection coefficient /
- physical properties of sediments /
- northern slope of the South China Sea

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图 1 Biot参数计算反射系数的几何示意图（据文献[2]）

${D_i}$和${D_r}$分别为入射波和反射波的复位移振幅值；${A_1}$和${A_2}$分别为沉积物骨架在快波和慢波作用下的复位移振幅值；${B_1}$和${B_2}$分别为快波和慢波作用下孔隙流体相对于骨架运动的复相对位移

Fig. 1 Geometric sketch of reflection coefficient calculated by Biot parameter (according to reference [2])

${D_i}$ and ${D_r}$ are the reset amplitude values of incident wave and reflected wave respectively; ${A_1}$ and ${A_2}$are the resetting amplitude of sediment skeleton under the action of fast wave and slow wave respectively; ${B_1}$ and ${B_2}$ are the complex relative displacement of pore fluid relative to skeleton motion under the action of fast wave and slow wave respectively

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图 2 研究区位置、表层沉积物取样站位及典型Chirp浅剖测线分布

Fig. 2 The location of the study area, surface sediment sampling stations and typical Chirp shallow profiles

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图 3 子波褶积合成记录与原始剖面数据对比

Fig. 3 The wavelet convolution synthetic seismogram and original section data

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图 4 Lw01剖面计算得到的海底反射系数

a为Lw01 Chirp浅地层剖面；b为Lw01剖面的海底反射系数

Fig. 4 Sea bottom reflection coefficients calculated from Profile Lw01

a is Lw01 Chirp sub-bottom profile; b is the seabed reflection coefficients of Profile Lw01

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图 5 反射系数与孔隙度的关系

盒图为海底表层沉积物样品测试数据计算的反射系数；红色实线为Biot-Stoll模型计算的反射系数，样品测试频率与模型计算频率均为25 kHz

Fig. 5 The relationship between reflection coefficient and porosity

The boxplot is the reflection coefficient calculated from the test data of seabed surface sediment samples; the red solid line is the reflection coefficient calculated by the biot-stoll model, and the sample test frequency and model calculation frequency are both 25 kHz

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图 6 海底反射系数与沉积物物理性质的相关关系

a. 反射系数随频率的变化；b. 反射系数随孔隙度的变化(f=3.5 kHz)；c. 反射系数随密度的变化(f=3.5 kHz)；d. 反射系数随平均粒径的变化(f=3.5 kHz)

Fig. 6 Correlation between bottom reflection coefficients and sediment physical properties

a. Variation of reflection coefficient with frequency; b. variation of reflection coefficient with porosity (f = 3.5 kHz); c. variation of reflection coefficient with density (f = 3.5 kHz); d. variation of reflection coefficient with mean grain size (f = 3.5 kHz)

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图 7 Lw01、Lw02、Lw03剖面沉积物物理性质反演结果

Fig. 7 Inversion results of sediments physical properties in profiles Lw01, Lw02 and Lw03

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图 8 Lw01、Lw02和Lw03测线对应的海底地形剖面图

Fig. 8 The seabed topography section of profiles Lw01、Lw02 and Lw03

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表 1 Biot-Stoll模型输入的沉积物物理参数

Tab. 1 The input sediment physical parameters of the Biot-Stoll model

参数	Biot-Stoll模型取值
颗粒密度${\rho _g}/ {\rm {kg\cdot{m^{-3}}}}$	实测
孔隙度$n$	实测
孔隙曲折度$\alpha $	$\alpha = \left\{ {\begin{aligned}& {\begin{array}{{20}{c}} {1.35}&{\varphi \leqslant 4} \end{array}} \\ & {\begin{array}{{20}{c}} {{\rm{ - }}0.3 + 0.412\;5\varphi }&{4 < \varphi < 8} \end{array}} \\ & {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}} {3.0}&{\varphi \geqslant 8} \end{array}} \end{aligned}} \right.\;\;\;\;\;\varphi = {\rm{ - lo}}{{\rm{g}}_2}d$，$\varphi $为中值粒径；d为颗粒直径，单位：mm
渗透率$\kappa /{\rm {m}^2}$	$\kappa = \dfrac{{{d^2}{n^3}}}{{180{{(1 - n)}^2}}}\dfrac{1}{{\sqrt {10} }}$
海水动力黏度$\eta /{\rm {Pa}} \cdot {\rm s}$	0.001
颗粒体积模量${K_g}/{\rm {Pa}}$	3.2×10¹⁰
海水体积模量${K_w}/{\rm {Pa}}$	2.395×10⁹
海水密度${\rho _w}/ {\rm {kg\cdot{m^{-3}}}}$	1 023
框架剪切模量${\mu _0}/{\rm {Pa}}$	${\mu _0} = 1.835 \times {10^5}{\left(\dfrac{n}{{1 - n}}\right)^{ - 1.12}}\sqrt {{\tau _a}(z)} $${\tau _a}(z) = (1 - n)({\rho _s} - {\rho _f})gz$，${\tau _a}(z)$为沉积物平均有效压力，重力加速度$g = 9.8\;{\rm {m/{s^{ 2} } } }$，z为海底以下沉积物深度，单位：m，ρ_s为颗粒密度，ρ_f为孔隙流体密度
框架体积模量${K_0}/{\rm {Pa}}$	${K_0} = \dfrac{{2{\mu _0}(1 + \sigma )}}{{3(1 - 2\sigma )}}$，$\sigma $为沉积物骨架的泊松比
孔隙大小$a$	$ a = \dfrac{d}{3}\cdot \dfrac{n}{{1 - n}} \cdot \dfrac{1}{{1.8}}$
体积对数衰减${\delta _f}$	${\delta _f}({z_s}) = {\delta _f}({z_0})\sqrt {{z_0}/{z_s}} $，z₀，z_s分别为浅表层和表层沉积物深度

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表 2 Chirp子波相关参数

Tab. 2 The relevant parameters of Chirp wavelet

属性	子波特征
频带宽度	1 000～6 000 Hz
脉冲长度	5 ms
脉冲幅度	2.5 ms
采样间隔	13 µs

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表 3 站位实测物理性质与反演结果对比

Tab. 3 Comparison between the measured physical properties and the inversion results

取样站位	表层沉积物类型	孔隙度			密度/kg·m⁻³			平均粒径（Φ）
取样站位	表层沉积物类型	实测值	反演值	相对误差/%	实测值	反演值	相对误差/%	实测值	反演值	相对误差/%
GLW3101	粉砂质黏土	0.651	0.645	−0.92	1 440	1 450	0.69	5.5	5.7	3.63
GLW3102	粉砂质黏土	0.747	0.738	−1.20	1 368	1 374	0.43	6.2	6.5	4.84
GLW3103	粉砂质黏土	0.783	0.758	−3.19	1 350	1 343	−0.52	8.3	8.2	−1.20
GLW3105	粉砂质黏土	0.798	0.792	−0.75	1 310	1 306	−0.31	8.4	8.6	2.38
GLW3108	黏土	0.806	0.812	0.74	1 290	1 303	1.01	8.7	9.1	4.60
注：Φ=−log₂d，d为颗粒粒径，单位: mm。

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