基于初级生产力的海洋生物资源承载力评估

刘胜浩; 赵林林; 刘玮; 王波; 张朝晖

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2019.12.012

基于初级生产力的海洋生物资源承载力评估以日照近岸海域为例

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2019.12.012

刘胜浩^{1, 2,},
赵林林^{1, 2},
刘玮^{1, 2},
王波^{1, 2},
张朝晖^{1, 2, ,}

1.
自然资源部第一海洋研究所海洋生态研究中心，山东青岛 266061
2.
青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室，山东青岛 266237

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目“海洋资源资产负债表编制与海洋资源环境承载力评价技术与应用”（2016YFC0503503）；海洋公益性行业科研专项：基于海洋健康的资源环境承载能力监测预警关键技术研究与区域示范应用（201505008）。

详细信息

作者简介:
刘胜浩（1980—），男，辽宁省鞍山市人，副研究员，博士，主要从事海洋资源环境承载力研究。E-mail：shliu@fio.org.cn

通讯作者:
张朝晖，研究员，博士，主要从事海洋保护地和生态修复研究。E-mail：zhang@fio.org.cn

中图分类号: P745
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-09-11
- 修回日期: 2019-02-01
- 网络出版日期: 2021-04-21
- 刊出日期: 2019-12-25

The assessment of carrying capacity of marine biology resources based on primary productivity methodA case study of coastal waters of Rizhao

Liu Shenghao^{1, 2
,},
Zhao Linlin^{1, 2},
Liu Wei^{1, 2},
Wang Bo^{1, 2},
Zhang Zhaohui^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
Marine Ecology Research Center, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources（Qingdao）, Qingdao 266061, China
2.
Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Laboratory, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology（Qingdao）, Qingdao 266237, China

摘要

摘要: 资源环境承载力研究亟待突破承载阈值界定与关键参数率定的技术瓶颈，并建立一套标准化的定量评价关键技术。本研究基于“资源量−消费量”模型，通过调查与实验分析获取特定海区的初级生产力、浮游植物有机碳含量、鱼类营养级等关键参数值，采用营养动态模型和Tait沿岸海域能流模型来估算海洋生物资源总量，然后根据年人均水产品摄入量或年人均蛋白质摄入量来计算该海区海洋生物资源承载力的阈值。根据2016年对日照辖区海域的生态环境状况调查，该海域年平均初级生产力(以C计)为428.22 mg/(m²·d)，浮游植物年生产量为918.51万t，鱼类、虾蟹类和头足类的平均营养级分别为3.85、3.92和3.90，利用营养动态模型计算海域渔业资源(鱼类、虾蟹类和头足类)的年生产量为3.89万t；根据Tait沿岸海域能流模型计算日照10 m等深线以内浅海的除去壳重的贝类资源量为5.50万t。按照年人均水产品摄入量为21 kg，计算出日照辖区海域的海洋生物资源承载力总和为192.86万人；按照年人均摄入蛋白质量为30 kg，计算出日照辖区海域的海洋生物资源承载力总和为16.87万人。本文建立了一项具有广泛适用性的海洋生物资源承载力定量评价技术，对科学地开发利用海洋生物资源和建立陆海统筹的资源环境承载力的监测预警机制起到积极的促进作用。
- 海洋生物资源 /
- 资源承载力 /
- 营养级 /
- 营养动态模型 /
- 初级生产力
Abstract: The technical bottlenecks of threshold determination and key parameter calibration in carrying capacity of resources and environment urgently need to be broken through, and then establish a standardized quantitative evaluation method. In the present study, several key parameters such as primary productivity, phytoplankton organic carbon content and trophic level were obtained through investigation and experimental analysis. The nutrition dynamic model and the Tait coastal energy flow model were used to estimate the total quantities of marine biological resources. Then, the threshold of carrying capacity of marine biological resources was calculated based on the “resource-consumption” model. For example, according to the survey results in 2016, the annual average primary productivity of sea area under Rizhao jurisdiction was 428.22 mg/(m²·d) and the annual production of phytoplankton was 9.19×10⁶ t. Meanwhile, the average trophic levels of fishes, shrimps and crabs, and cephalopods were 3.85, 3.92 and 3.90, respectively. The annual production of fishery resources (fish, shrimp and crab, and cephalopod) in the sea area was 38.9 thousand tons calculated by the “nutritional dynamic model”. In addition, the shellfish resources in shallow sea within 10 m depth contour was 55 thousand tons calculated by the Tait coastal energy flow model. Thus, according to the annual per capita intake of aquatic products of 21 kg, the total carrying capacity of marine biological resources in Rizhao coastal waters was 1.928 6×10⁶ people. Meanwhile, according to the annual per capita protein intake of 30 kg, the total carrying capacity of marine biological resources in Rizhao area was calculated to be 1.687×10⁵ people. Taken together, this paper describes a quantitative assessment technique with wide applicability for carrying capacity of marine biological resources. This will contribute to substantial utilization of the marine biological resources and establishment of the monitoring and early warning of resources and environment carrying capacity in a way of overall planning of land and sea.
- carrying capacity of resources /
- marine biology resources /
- primary productivity /
- trophic level /
- trophic dynamic model

HTML全文

图 1 研究区域及调查站位示意图

Fig. 1 The diagram of study area and survey station

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 2016年日照海域各季度叶绿素a含量的平面分布（µg/L）

Fig. 2 The concentration distribution of chlorophyll a in each season in the sea field of Rizhao in 2016 (µg/L)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 2016年日照海域冬季、春季、夏季和秋季各站位的渔获重量及尾数分布

Fig. 3 The distribution of catch weight and tail number in each season in the sea field of Rizhao in 2016

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 2016年日照海域不同月份的叶绿素a含量

Tab. 1 The content of chlorophyll a in different months in the sea field of Rizhao in 2016

调查时间	叶绿素a含量/µg·L⁻¹	变化范围/µg·L⁻¹
2016年2月	0.92	0.45～1.45
2016年5月	1.41	0.85～2.21
2016年8月	1.75	0.71～2.75
2016年11月	1.13	0.32～1.85
年平均值	1.30	0.58～2.07

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 2016年日照海域浮游植物年生产量

Tab. 2 The annual production of phytoplankton in the sea field of Rizhao in 2016

海域	面积/km²	初级生产力(以C计)/ mg·(m²·d)⁻¹	年初级产碳量/万t	浮游植物年生产量/万t
日照辖区的海域	6 000	428.22	93.78	918.51
10 m等深线以内的浅海	200	428.22	3.12	—

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表 3 2016年日照海域的渔业资源组成

Tab. 3 The component of fishery resources in the sea field of Rizhao in 2016

统计项目	2016年2月		2016年5月		2016年8月		2016年11月
统计项目	W%	N%	W%	N%	W%	N%	W%	N%
鱼类	83.06	40.67	81.18	65.02	48.03	46.50	52.64	42.35
虾蟹类	10.47	58.92	15.78	33.43	38.72	26.31	25.34	52.92
头足类	6.47	0.42	3.05	1.55	13.25	27.19	22.01	5.73
注：W%表示渔获物的重量比例；N%表示渔获物的数量比例。

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 2016年11月份日照海域渔业资源的优势种及其营养级

Tab. 4 Dominant species and trophic levels of fishery resources in the sea field of Rizhao in November 2016

	种类	W/%	IRI	TL
鱼类	尖海龙(Syngnathus acus)	6.33	2 339	3.51
	六丝钝尾虾虎鱼(Amblychaeturichthys hexanema)	5.92	1 036	3.71
	小黄鱼(Larimichthys polyactis)	9.06	928	3.69
	矛尾虾虎鱼(Chaemrichthys stigmatias)	4.72	625	3.46
	黄鮟鱇(Lophius litulon)	7.94	467	4.29
	六丝矛尾虎鱼(Amblychaeturichthys hexanema)	1.98	293	4.25
	皮氏叫姑鱼(Johnius belangerii)	2.04	235	4.21
	细纹狮子鱼(Liparis tanakae)	3.44	115	4.23
虾蟹类	戴氏赤虾(Metapenaeopsis dalei)	6.72	4 478	3.91
	口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)	10.12	1 368	4.11
	鹰爪虾(Trachypenaeus curvirostris)	2.41	511	4.06
	双斑蟳(Charybdis bimaculata)	2.35	348	3.39
	三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)	1.48	121	3.31
头足类	短蛸(Octopus ocellatus)	14.67	1 433	3.92
	枪乌贼(Loligo japonica)	3.87	844	3.76
	长蛸(Octopus variabilis)	3.32	228	3.95
注：W%为渔获物的重量比例；IRI为渔获物的相对重要性指数；TL为渔获物的营养级。

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表 5 2016年日照市海洋生物资源的自然生产量及承载力

Tab. 5 The natural production and carrying capacity of marine biology resources in the sea field of Rizhao in 2016

统计项目	平均营养级	年生产量/万t	最大可持续产量/万t	含肉率/%	蛋白质含量/%	可提供的蛋白质量/t	加权平均蛋白质量/t	承载力/万人
鱼类	3.85	4.12	2.06	67.52	17.19	2 390.98	2 120.19	7.07
虾蟹类	3.92	3.61	1.81	56.44	18.30	1 869.46
头足类	3.90	3.75	1.97	71.76	13.24	1 871.70
贝类	—	5.50	2.75	—	10.69	2 939.75	2 939.75	9.80

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