近年来横沙东滩围垦区前沿地形演化规律及驱动因素分析

郭兴杰; 王寒梅; 史玉金; 杨忠勇; 孙杰; 戴清清

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2019.11.013

近年来横沙东滩围垦区前沿地形演化规律及驱动因素分析

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2019.11.013

1.
上海市地质调查研究院，上海 200072
2.
三峡大学水利与环境学院，湖北宜昌 443002
3.
国家海洋局东海信息中心，上海 200136
4.
国家海洋局东海海洋环境调查勘察中心，上海 200136

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（41506103，41706098）；上海市科委资助项目（18DZ1206403）。

详细信息

作者简介:
郭兴杰（1986—），男，山西省晋中市人，工程师，主要从事海岸带动力地貌监测与研究。E-mail：tjguoxingjie@126.com

中图分类号: P736.21
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-09-12
- 修回日期: 2019-01-13
- 网络出版日期: 2021-04-21
- 刊出日期: 2019-11-25

Analysis of the evolution process and the driving factors in the coast of the reclamation area of East Hengsha Shoal during recent years

1.
Shanghai Institute of Geological Survey, Shanghai 200072, China
2.
College of Hydraulic and Environment Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
3.
East Sea Information Center, State Oceanic Administration, Shanghai 200136, China
4.
East Sea Marine Environmental Investigating & Surveying Center, State Oceanic Administration, Shanghai 200136, China

摘要

摘要: 河口大型滩涂演化关系到航运通畅、生态保护以及近岸工程的安全性，也是地貌学和工程界关注的热点。本文选择横沙东滩围垦区前沿5 m等深线包络区域作为研究区，2011–2017年间利用单波束测深系统对研究区进行持续性高精度监测，并结合近年来流域来沙、河口工程的建设和极端气候变化等影响因素分析其冲淤格局。结果表明：(1)近年来横沙东滩基本呈中间淤涨、周围冲刷的态势，整体由工程前“长大不长高”转化为工程后的“长高不长大”的演化格局；(2)海域来沙是此区域淤积的主要物源，研究区两侧涨落潮流路分异引起的环流是导致此区域淤积的主要动力；(3)深水航道堤坝工程、横沙东滩围垦工程等是导致研究区中间淤涨的原因；(4)人类活动可以直接影响滩槽的演化格局，工程建设的固定制约了河槽和滩涂的摆动，但也加剧了研究区局部的冲刷，未来应注意其内部串沟的发展，防止其连通威胁堤坝和滩涂的稳定。
- 横沙东滩 /
- 航道 /
- 围垦 /
- 冲淤
Abstract: The evolution of estuarine large-scale tidal flat is highly related to costal engineerings, e.g., navigation, ecological and et al. Thus it is one of the key topics in the studies of estuarine geomorphology as well as engineering. The patterns of riverbed evolution and the driven mechanisms were analyzed based on the high resolution monitor results of topography with a single-beam bathymetry system in the coast of the reclamation area of East Hengsha Shoal during 2011 to 2017. Meanwhile, the sediment discharge, the estuarine engineering project, the extreme climate event and et al., are also included. The results are summarized into four aspects. (1) The East Hengsha shoal showed a trend of siltation in middle area and a trend of scouring in surrounding area. The whole evolution pattern experienced from “growing wide-not-high” before the project to “growing high-not-wide” after the project. (2) The sediment source of the siltation is marine dominanted, while the dynamics source of that is driven by the circulation induced from the divergence of flood and ebb current. (3) The groin of the Deep Water Project and the reclamation in the East Hengsha shoal are the main reasons of intermediate deposition in the study area. (4) The evolution of shoal-channel pattern is sensitive to anthropogenic activity. The embankment project along the shore line holds on the swing of river channel, but aggravates the erosion of local banks. In the future, more attention should be paid to the evolution of the internal ditches to prevent their connectivity, which may cause serious problem on the stability of the embankment and the beach.
- East Hengsha Shoal /
- navigation /
- reclamation project /
- bottom evolution

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图 1 研究区域示意图

Fig. 1 Sketch map of study area

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图 2 2001–2017年大通站水沙量统计

Fig. 2 Statistics of water and sediment discharges of Datong Station during 2001–2017

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图 3 研究区内0 m（a）、2 m（b）和5 m（c）等深线变化

Fig. 3 Variation of 0 m (a), 2 m (b) and 5 m (c) isopaches in the study area

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图 4 横沙东滩0 m（a）、2m（b）和5 m（c）等深线包络面积变化

Fig. 4 Area variation inclosed by 0 m (a), 2 m (b) and 5 m (c) isopaches in the East Hengsha Shoal

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图 5 研究区内地形冲淤变化

Fig. 5 Bottom evolution in the study area

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图 6 研究区内剖面变化

Fig. 6 Variation of the transects in the study area

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图 7 研究区内潮流模型

Fig. 7 Divergence of flood and ebb current in the study area

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图 8 研究区内沙体面积与径流输沙的相对关系

Fig. 8 The relationship between shoal area and sediment discharge in the study area

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图 9 研究区地形变化

Fig. 9 Topography evolution in the study area

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表 1 研究区周围工程建设情况

Tab. 1 Human project around the study area

工程名称	建设内容	实施时间
长江口深水航道治理工程	工程主要包括航道建筑物工程和疏浚工程：共建设导堤、丁坝等约169.2 km，航道疏浚方量约3.2×10⁸ m³	1998年1月至2011年5月
横沙东滩促淤圈围工程	工程主要工作内容是中央大堤、工程区围堤，利用长江口深水航道疏浚土完成围区吹填，圈围区内吹填标高约3 m	2003年12月至今

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表 2 长江口平均含沙量统计（单位：kg/m³）

Tab. 2 Statistics of averaged suspended sediment concentration in the Changjiang River Estuary

年份	南支	北港中上段	口门外	备注
1972–1997年	0.45	0.75	0.74	多年多测点潮平均值
2003–2010年	0.22	0.32	—	多年多测点潮平均值
2013–2014年	0.17	0.28	0.24	洪枯季大潮平均值
注：—表示没有测量数据。

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表 3 研究区周围水沙情况（测站位置见图1c）

Tab. 3 Hydrodynamics and sediment dynamics around the study area (the location of the station is shown in Fig. 1c)

测点	枯季			洪季
测点	优势流 /%	优势沙 /%	净输沙量 /t·m^–1	优势流 /%	优势沙 /%	净输沙量 /t·m^–1
K10	53	—	—	57	54	10.4
K11	36	65	8.2	38	36	–36.4
注：—表示没有测量数据。

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