连云港海域废黄河水下三角洲北翼的沉积特征与空间分布

秦亚超; 顾兆峰

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2019.11.010

连云港海域废黄河水下三角洲北翼的沉积特征与空间分布

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2019.11.010

秦亚超^{1, 2,},
顾兆峰^{1, 2}

1.
青岛海洋地质研究所自然资源部天然气水合物重点实验室，山东青岛 266071
2.
青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋矿产资源评价与探测技术功能实验室，山东青岛 266071

基金项目: 自然资源部海洋区域地质调查项目（GZH201400206）。

详细信息

作者简介:
秦亚超（1971—），男，河北省衡水市人，博士，从事海洋地质调查与研究。E-mail：lucifer2046@126.com

中图分类号: P736.21
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-10-23
- 修回日期: 2018-12-16
- 网络出版日期: 2021-04-21
- 刊出日期: 2019-11-25

The depositional feature and spatial distribution of the northern flank of the abandoned subaqueous Yellow River Delta off the Lianyungang coast, western South Yellow Sea

Qin Yachao^{1, 2
,},
Gu Zhaofeng^{1, 2}

1.
Key Laboratory of Gas Hydrate, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, Qingdao 266071, China
2.
Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071, China

摘要

摘要: 基于连云港海域浅地层剖面资料解释和16个站位柱状岩心的剖面观察、粒度分析、微体化石鉴定、有孔虫和腹足类纹沼螺的AMS ¹⁴C年龄，分析废黄河水下三角洲北翼的沉积结构、厚度和沉积物组成，划分沉积单元及其分布范围；识别海侵沉积区的沉积相，认识其沉积环境特征。结果表明，水下三角洲沉积体可分为三角洲前缘和前三角洲两个沉积单元，两者沿连云港海岸线呈并置关系。三角洲前缘位于埒子口至新淮河口外，为一NNE向进积、NW向倾斜的扇形楔状体，可识别出灌河叶瓣及其以东的叶瓣两个沉积中心。该沉积单元以砂质沉积为主，两个叶瓣之间的分流间湾分布有泥和砂质泥。前三角洲位于三角洲前缘西北侧，大致从埒子口外侧沿海岸带向海州湾展布。该单元为泥质沉积，厚度较薄，其北部的两个柱状岩心所揭示的沉积厚度分别为1.8 m和1.5 m。水下三角洲以北，海侵沙席分布广泛，厚度通常在20 cm左右。其分布在本区具有普遍性，只是在连云港海域被黄河泥沙所覆盖，由此也构成了废黄河水下三角洲的底界面。该界面具有侵蚀残留地貌特征。海侵沙席之下为晚更新世MIS 3阶段中早期的海陆过渡相沉积。沉积物多由黄色粉砂或砂质粉砂组成，含有较丰富的有孔虫、介形虫等，可见淡水纹沼螺。
- 浅地层剖面 /
- 柱状沉积物 /
- 三角洲前缘 /
- 前三角洲 /
- 海侵沉积 /
- 南黄海
Abstract: Shallow seismic profiles, 16 sediment vibrocores, and AMS ¹⁴C ages of foraminifers and a freshwater snail (Parafossarulus striatulus (Benson)) were used to recognize the depositional architecture, the accumulation depths, and the sediment compositions of the northern flank of the abandoned subaqueous Yellow River Delta off the Lianyungang coast, western South Yellow Sea, and further to classify the geographical units and their distribution. The facies of the adjacent shallow transgressive deposits were also distinguished to recognize their paleo-environments. Results show that the subaqueous deposits are divided geographically into two units of delta front and prodelta. Both of them juxtapose along the Lianyungang coast. The delta front is located off the coast between the Liezi River and New Huaihe River mouths. It is a fan-like clinoform, prograding towards NNE and inclining towards NW. It contains two lobes named the Guanhe Lobe and its eastern lobe. Both of them make up the main depocenters. The delta front is mainly composed of sandy deposits, with some muds or sandy muds in the eastern interdistributary bay between the two lobes. The prodelta is located northwest of the delta front, extending off the Liezi River mouth towards Haizhou Bay. It is accumulated by thin mud deposits with vertically homogeneous distribution. Two cores in its northern portion reveal the thicknesses of 1.8 m and 1.5 m, respectively. The transgressive sand sheet is located north of the subaqueous delta, with a thickness of ~20 cm. It is widely present in the study area. Off the Lianyungang coast, however, it is covered by Yellow River-derived sediments and thus underlies the abandoned Yellow River Delta. This sand sheet is characterized by an erosional and relict morphology. Land–sea transition facies are widely present below these transgressive sands, which were formed during the MIS 3 of the Late Pleistocene. It consists of yellow silts or sandy silts, containing many foraminifera and ostracoda as well as freshwater snails.
- shallow seismic profile /
- sediment core /
- delta front /
- prodelta /
- transgressive deposits /
- South Yellow Sea

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图 1 南黄海西部连云港海域柱状沉积物站位和浅地层剖面测线分布

Fig. 1 Sampling sites of sediment cores and track lines of the shallow seismic profiles off the Lianyungang coast, western South Yellow Sea

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图 2 南黄海西部连云港海域柱状沉积物类型（Folk分类）

Fig. 2 Grain-size composition and types (Folk’s classification) of sediment cores off the Lianyungang coast, western South Yellow Sea

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 连云港海域泥质沉积区RLH29、RLH35和RLH36孔柱状沉积物组成和粒度参数垂向分布

Fig. 3 Vertical distributions of sediment compositions and grain-size parameters of cores RLH29, RLH35, and RLH36 from the muddy deposit area off the Lianyungang coast, western South Yellow Sea

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 连云港海域砂质沉积区RLH33、RLH37、RLH42和RLH43孔柱状沉积物组成和粒度参数垂向分布

Fig. 4 Vertical distributions of sediment compositions and grain-size parameters of cores RLH33, RLH37, RLH42, and RLH43 from the sandy deposit area off the Lianyungang coast, western South Yellow Sea

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图 5 连云港海域泥质沉积区RLH29和RLH30孔下段的岩性不整合界面与海侵沉积区RLH31和RLH32孔上段的海侵界面岩性对比

Fig. 5 The unconformity between the overlying modern gray muddy deposits and the underlying yellow sandy deposits of the Late Pleistocene in cores RLH29 and RLH30 from the mud deposit area, as compared by the erosional interface between the overlying transgressive sand sheets and the underlying yellow sandy deposits of the Late Pleistocene in cores RLH31 and RLH32 from the transgressive sand deposit area off the Lianyungang coast, western South Yellow Sea

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图 6 南黄海西部海侵沉积区RLH24孔岩心剖面、底栖有孔虫和介形虫组合，以及腹足类纹沼螺照片及其AMS ¹⁴C年龄

Fig. 6 Lithological profile of Core RLH24 and its benthic foraminiferal and ostracod assemblages from the transgressive deposit area of the western South Yellow Sea, containing the photos of Parafossarulus striatulus (Benson) and its AMS ¹⁴C age

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 南黄海西部南北向测线RLA10、RLA11、RLAD3和RLA17浅地层剖面所揭示的废黄河水下三角洲沉积体

红色线指示三角洲沉积体的底界面；红色线和橘色线之间疑似为古河道沉积

Fig. 7 SN-oriented seismic profiles of lines RLA10, RLA11, RLAD3, and RLA17 showing the subaqueous deposits of the abandoned Yellow River Delta off the Lianyungang coast and the offshore transgressive deposits

Red lines mark the underlying boundary of the deltaic deposits. Paleo-channel deposits are distinguished between the red and orange lines

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 南黄海西部东西向测线RLB14和RLB15浅地层剖面所揭示的废黄河水下三角洲沉积体

红色线指示三角洲沉积体的底界面。

Fig. 8 WE-oriented seismic profiles of lines RLB14 and RLB15 showing the subaqueous deposits of the abandoned Yellow River delta off the Lianyungang coast

Red lines mark the underlying boundary of the deltaic deposits.

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图 9 连云港海域废黄河水下三角洲前缘与前三角洲的地理分布

Fig. 9 Geographic distribution of the abandoned subaqueous Yellow River Delta front and its prodelta off the Lianyungang coast, western South Yellow Sea

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 苏北废黄河水下三角洲柱状沉积物的AMS ¹⁴C年龄

Tab. 1 AMS ¹⁴C dating of sediment cores from the abandoned subaqueous Yellow River Delta

柱状样编号	孔深/cm	测年材料及重量	δ¹³C/‰	δ¹⁸O/‰	惯用年龄/a BP	日历年龄/cal a BP		平均沉积速率/mm·a^–1
柱状样编号	孔深/cm	测年材料及重量	δ¹³C/‰	δ¹⁸O/‰	惯用年龄/a BP	均值	范围	平均沉积速率/mm·a^–1
RLH29	20～24	混合有孔虫（9.7 mg）	–2.0	–3.29	2 210±30	1 908	2 085～1 731	0.1
RLH29	60～64	混合有孔虫和介形虫（7.3 mg）	–1.0	–3.12	2 350±30	2 094	2 279～1 910	2.1
RLH35	40～44	混合有孔虫（11.2 mg）	–1.6	–3.52	2 040±30	1 702	1 864～1 540	0.25
RLH35	100～124	混合有孔虫和介形虫（6.2 mg）	–1.7	–2.97	2 140±30	1 814	1 989～1 640	6.2
RLH36	60～64	混合有孔虫和介形虫（6.4 mg）	–1.9	–3.08	1 900±30	1 538	1 706～1 370	0.4
RLH36	160～164	混合有孔虫（13.2 mg）	–3.3	–5.58	2 750±30	2 554	2 731～2 378	1.0
RLH39	102	贝壳碎片（350 mg）	–1.4	–1.94	840±30	538	642～434	1.9

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