西沙群岛基底火山碎屑岩中单斜辉石的矿物化学特征及其地质意义

李诗颖; 余克服; 张瑜; 陶士臣; 严宏强

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2019.07.006

西沙群岛基底火山碎屑岩中单斜辉石的矿物化学特征及其地质意义

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2019.07.006

李诗颖^{1, 2,},
余克服^{1, 3, 4, 5, ,},
张瑜^{3, 4, 5},
陶士臣¹,
严宏强¹

1.
中国科学院南海海洋研究所中国科学院边缘海与大洋地质重点实验室，广东广州 510301
2.
中国科学院大学，北京 100049
3.
广西大学广西南海珊瑚礁研究重点实验室，广西南宁 530004
4.
广西大学珊瑚礁研究中心，广西南宁 530004
5.
广西大学海洋学院，广西南宁 530004

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金重大研究计划重点支持项目“珊瑚礁千米深钻记录的西沙碳酸盐台地形成演化和环境变迁史”（91428203）；国家自然科学基金面上项目“全球变化背景下西沙珊瑚礁区碳循环及其对海洋酸化的响应”（41776128）。

详细信息

作者简介:
李诗颖（1993—），女，广东省江门市人，从事珊瑚礁基底火成岩石学研究。E-mail：syli@scsio.ac.cn

通讯作者:
余克服（1969—），男，湖北省公安县人，教授，博士，主要从事南海珊瑚礁地质、生态与环境研究。E-mail：kefuyu@scsio.ac.cn

中图分类号: P571
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-03-08
- 修回日期: 2019-01-01
- 网络出版日期: 2021-04-21
- 刊出日期: 2019-07-25

Mineral chemistry of clinopyroxene in pyroclastic rocks of the Xisha Islands and their geological significance

Li Shiying^{1, 2
,},
Yu Kefu^{1, 3, 4, 5
, ,},
Zhang Yu^{3, 4, 5},
Tao Shichen¹,
Yan Hongqiang¹

1.
Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
2.
University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
3.
Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
4.
Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
5.
School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China

摘要

摘要: 本文利用电子探针对南海西沙群岛琛航岛珊瑚礁底部火山碎屑岩中的单斜辉石矿物的化学特征进行了研究。结果表明，该单斜辉石属于富钙透辉石，部分有正环带结构，从核部到边部Ca、Fe、Ti的含量逐渐增加，是岩浆正常结晶顺序的反映，说明该区域的岩浆演化是向着富Ca、Fe、Ti方向发展的。主量元素数据显示，单斜辉石具有低Si高Al的特征(SiO₂=41.40%～48.44%，Al₂O₃=5.54%～10.20%)，且Al^Ⅳ含量较高，说明母岩浆为不饱和碱性岩浆系列；此外，单斜辉石Ca含量偏高，Ca/(Ca+Mg+Fe)值在46.1%～51.4%之间，推测是母岩浆的高Ca含量导致了大量高钙辉石的产出。结合西沙海域的地震和构造资料，推测琛航岛珊瑚礁的基底是玄武质火山碎屑岩组成的平顶状海山，系岩浆穿过断裂发育的岩石圈层在西沙群岛的海底喷发，随后火山碎屑物质经过堆积、固结作用而形成；该火山碎屑岩的原岩为板内碱性玄武岩。
- 西沙群岛 /
- 火山碎屑岩 /
- 单斜辉石 /
- 矿物化学 /
- 珊瑚礁基底
Abstract: The composition of clinopyroxene in pyroclastic rocks at the bottom of the Xisha Islands was determined in detail by electron microprobe analysis. The results show that the clinopyroxenes are mostly rich in calcium and have a zonal structure. Ca, Fe and Ti concentrations increased from the core to the outer layers, reflecting the normal sequence of magmatic crystallization. The chemical characteristics of the pyroxene, including low Si, high Al (SiO₂=41.40%–48.44%, Al₂O₃=5.54%–10.20%) and even higher Al^IV concentrations, coincide with those of basic magma. The main element data of the clinopyroxene show that the concentration of monoclinic Ca is high. The Ca/(Ca+Mg+Fe) ratio is between 46.1% and 51.4%. The large amount of high-calcium clinopyroxene may be attributed to the high concentration of Ca in magma. Combining this with the earthquake and tectonic data of the Xisha sea area, we speculate that the basement of the coral reefs of Chenhang Island is a flat-topped seamount composed of basaltic volcanic clastic rocks. Further, we infer that its formation involved the passing of magma through the lithospheric layer of the fault and its eruption in the seabed of the Xisha Islands. The volcanic clastic material is thus formed by accumulation and consolidation, and the original rock of the volcanic clastic rock is an intraplate alkaline basalt.
- Xisha Islands /
- pyroclastic rock /
- clinopyroxene /
- mineral chemistry /
- coral reef basement

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图 1 南海地质简图（a）及西沙群岛珊瑚礁深钻分布（b）

a 修改自文献[6]；b 底图据文献[22]

Fig. 1 Geological sketch map of the South China Sea (a) and the distribution of deep cores in the Xisha coral reef area (b)

a is modified from reference [6]; b is modified from reference [22]

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图 2 基岩（玄武质火山碎屑岩）实体照片及单斜辉石（Px）在光学显微镜下照片

a1为基岩实体照片；a2显示杏仁结构；b1和c1为单偏光镜下的辉石颗粒；b2和c2为正交偏光镜下的辉石颗粒

Fig. 2 Photos of pyroclastic rock and its clinopyroxenes under optical microscope

a1 is a rock’s picture; a2 showing amygdaloidal structure; b1 and c1 are pyroxene particles observed by a single polarizer; b2 and c2 are pyroxene particles observed by an orthogonal polarizer

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图 3 单斜辉石成分分类图解（底图据文献[28]）

Di.透辉石；He.钙铁辉石；Au.普通辉石；Pi.易变辉石；ClEn.斜顽辉石；ClFs.斜铁辉石，本文样品（实心圆点）全部落入透辉石区域

Fig. 3 Wo-En-Fs classification diagram showing the compositions of the clinopyroxene phenocrysts（developed from figure in reference [28]）

Di. Diopside; He. hedenbergite; Au. augite; Pi. pigeonite; ClEn. clinoenstatite; ClFs. clinoferrosilite. All data of our samples fall into the Di area

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图 4 单斜辉石环带结构背散电子图

图a为样品CK0107-2环带结构辉石颗粒；图b为样品CK0107-4环带结构辉石颗粒

Fig. 4 The backscattered electronic images of the clinopyroxenes’ ring-band structure

a is the ring-band structure pyroxene particles of sample CK0107-2; b is the ring-band structure pyroxene particles of sample CK0107-4

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图 5 单斜辉石岩浆系列判别图（底图据文献[28]）

a为单斜辉石Al₂O₃-SiO₂岩浆系列判别图，本文的样品（实心圆点）全部落入过碱性区域；b为（Ca+Na）-Ti 岩浆系列判别图，全部落入碱性玄武岩区域

Fig. 5 Al₂O₃-SiO₂ diagrams for clinopyroxenes (developed from figure in reference [28])

a is Al₂O₃-SiO₂ diagram, with all the data of our samples falling into the over-alkaline region; b is (Ca+Na)-Ti diagram, with all the data of our samples falling into the alkaline basalt area

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图 6 西沙群岛琛航岛火山碎屑岩中的单斜辉石在TiO₂-MnO-Na₂O三角判别图（a）及F1-F2双因子判别图（b）

底图据文献[13]，实心圆点系本文样品，全部落入板块内部碱性玄武岩区域。WPT.板块内部拉斑玄武岩；WPA.板块内部碱性玄武岩; VAB. 火山弧玄武岩；OFB.洋底玄武岩。

Fig. 6 Triangular diagram of TiO₂-MnO-Na₂O (a) and F1 versus F2 diagram of clinoproxene (b)

Developed from figure in reference [13], with all the data of our samples falling into the alkaline basalt area inside the plate. WPT. within-plate tholeiitic basalt; WPA. within-plate alkali basalt; VAB. volcanic arc basalt; and OFB. ocean floor basalt F1=–0.012(SiO₂) –0.0807(TiO₂)+0.0026(Al₂O₃) –0.0012(∑FeO) –0.0026(MnO)+0.0087(MgO) –0.0128(CaO)–0.0419(Na₂O); F2=–0.0469(SiO₂)–0.0818(TiO₂) –0.0212(Al₂O₃) –0.0041(∑FeO) –0.1435(MnO)–0.0029(MgO)+0.0085(CaO)+0.016(Na₂O)

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表 1 单斜辉石成分电子探针分析结果（wt%）

Tab. 1 EPMA analytical results of clinopyroxne（wt%）

样品号	CK0101-1	CK0101-2	CK0101-3	CK0101-4	CK0101-5	CK0104-1	CK0104-2	CK0104-3	CK0105-1	CK0105-3	CK0105-4	CK0105-5	CK0105-6
SiO₂	47.22	44.10	48.01	43.02	46.57	43.43	43.25	46.52	45.13	42.44	44.27	46.59	42.59
TiO₂	2.62	4.02	2.56	4.12	2.63	4.03	4.50	2.72	3.48	4.57	3.67	2.65	4.65
Al₂O₃	5.91	8.49	5.81	9.32	5.60	9.20	9.75	6.04	7.77	9.78	7.84	5.58	10.03
Cr₂O₃	0.11	0.08	0.09	0.27	0.16	0.10	0.03	0.13	0.23	0.12	0.16	0.01	0.22
FeO	6.79	7.54	6.42	6.93	6.97	7.23	7.43	6.88	6.61	7.44	6.97	7.02	8.11
MnO	0.08	0.06	0.08	0.07	0.07	0.08	0.08	0.10	0.04	0.04	0.08	0.10	0.04
MgO	13.28	11.80	13.69	11.30	13.41	11.59	11.20	13.24	12.60	11.17	12.10	13.05	12.69
CaO	22.24	22.27	22.22	22.29	21.81	22.24	22.09	22.02	22.21	22.19	22.17	22.04	20.54
Na₂O	0.43	0.47	0.49	0.57	0.42	0.52	0.58	0.44	0.47	0.51	0.48	0.42	0.50
K₂O	0.01	0.00	0.02	0.02	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.07
阳离子数（以6个氧离子为基准）
Si	1.78	1.68	1.80	1.65	1.78	1.66	1.65	1.77	1.71	1.63	1.70	1.79	1.61
Al(Ⅳ)	0.22	0.32	0.20	0.35	0.22	0.34	0.35	0.23	0.29	0.37	0.30	0.21	0.39
Al(Ⅵ)	0.05	0.06	0.05	0.07	0.03	0.07	0.08	0.04	0.06	0.07	0.05	0.04	0.06
Ti	0.07	0.11	0.07	0.12	0.08	0.12	0.13	0.08	0.10	0.13	0.11	0.08	0.13
Cr	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01
Fe³⁺	0.07	0.10	0.06	0.10	0.09	0.11	0.08	0.09	0.08	0.11	0.10	0.08	0.14
Fe²⁺	0.14	0.14	0.14	0.12	0.13	0.12	0.15	0.13	0.12	0.13	0.13	0.14	0.11
Mn	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Mg	0.75	0.67	0.76	0.65	0.76	0.66	0.63	0.75	0.71	0.64	0.69	0.75	0.72
Ca	0.90	0.91	0.89	0.92	0.89	0.91	0.90	0.90	0.90	0.91	0.91	0.91	0.83
Na	0.03	0.03	0.04	0.04	0.03	0.04	0.04	0.03	0.03	0.04	0.04	0.03	0.04
K	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
各端元组分及计算结果
Wo	47.50	49.02	47.08	50.13	46.73	49.45	49.61	47.22	48.56	49.91	48.91	47.42	45.24
En	39.45	36.14	40.36	35.37	39.97	35.87	34.99	39.49	38.32	34.97	37.14	39.07	38.91
Fs	11.39	12.95	10.70	12.18	11.69	12.58	13.06	11.60	11.27	13.03	12.04	11.87	13.85
Mg^#	77.81	73.77	79.26	74.58	77.54	74.26	73.03	77.54	77.37	72.97	75.73	76.95	73.84
t1/℃	1 178.58	1 207.82	1 177.29	1 217.56	1 175.12	1 215.93	1 221.89	1 180.07	1 199.61	1 222.48	1 200.64	1 175.08	1 223.91
t2/℃	1 294.40	1 400.67	1 288.00	1 437.84	1 284.95	1 430.75	1 451.40	1 301.42	1 370.53	1 456.01	1 377.13	1 284.67	1 460.95
p/10²MPa	14.78	24.37	14.20	27.72	13.93	27.08	28.95	15.41	21.65	29.36	22.25	13.90	29.81
SiO₂	43.86	43.64	42.39	47.38	47.95	46.12	47.28	43.22	45.67	45.38	45.27	43.99	45.65
TiO₂	4.14	3.58	4.74	2.39	2.47	3.15	2.76	4.41	3.26	3.35	3.54	3.98	3.35
Al₂O₃	9.19	8.87	10.20	5.54	5.62	7.42	5.59	9.54	7.38	7.90	7.84	9.00	7.69
Cr₂O₃	0.22	0.07	0.07	0.10	0.13	0.12	0.11	0.33	0.17	0.27	0.15	0.39	0.29

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表 2 单斜辉石环带电子探针成分分析结果（wt%）

Tab. 2 EPMA analytical results of Compositional zone of clinopyroxene（wt%）

样品号	CK0101-1			CK0105-4			CK0106-8		CK0107-2		CK0107-4			CK0107-5		CK0108-4
样品号	核	幔	边	核	幔	边	核	边	核	边	核	幔	边	核	边	核	幔	边
SiO₂	45.95	47.97	47.76	47.81	41.58	43.41	47.95	44.67	47.85	44.38	44.34	43.90	41.42	48.38	42.95	44.16	46.25	41.55
TiO₂	3.11	2.26	2.51	2.45	4.96	3.61	2.47	3.26	2.54	3.76	3.84	4.17	5.23	2.19	4.33	3.75	3.06	5.13
Al₂O₃	6.79	5.33	5.61	5.29	9.86	8.37	5.62	8.80	5.94	8.91	8.75	8.96	10.91	5.28	9.48	9.01	7.20	10.78
Cr₂O₃	0.00	0.14	0.20	0.10	0.08	0.29	0.13	0.03	0.02	0.22	0.50	0.28	0.19	0.15	0.18	0.51	0.40	0.25
FeO	7.49	6.31	6.56	6.11	7.84	6.95	6.62	7.76	6.66	7.23	7.02	6.86	7.46	6.47	7.24	7.00	6.37	7.43
MnO	0.06	0.09	0.09	0.07	0.09	0.07	0.12	0.04	0.08	0.07	0.09	0.04	0.08	0.07	0.02	0.09	0.06	0.11
MgO	12.42	13.73	13.69	13.84	10.73	11.72	13.60	11.91	13.41	12.05	12.00	11.90	10.62	13.77	11.47	11.70	13.11	10.75
CaO	22.16	22.27	22.30	22.07	22.20	22.24	21.88	21.92	21.95	22.42	22.33	22.44	22.00	22.18	22.28	22.62	22.44	22.30
Na₂O	0.44	0.38	0.47	0.47	0.50	0.46	0.42	0.54	0.46	0.49	0.50	0.52	0.55	0.42	0.48	0.50	0.44	0.54
K₂O	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00
阳离子数（以6个氧离子为基准）
Si	1.75	1.81	1.79	1.81	1.61	1.68	1.80	1.69	1.80	1.67	1.68	1.66	1.59	1.82	1.64	1.67	1.74	1.59
Al(Ⅳ)	0.25	0.19	0.21	0.19	0.39	0.32	0.20	0.31	0.20	0.33	0.32	0.34	0.41	0.18	0.36	0.33	0.26	0.41
Al(Ⅵ)	0.05	0.05	0.04	0.04	0.06	0.06	0.05	0.09	0.06	0.07	0.07	0.06	0.08	0.05	0.07	0.07	0.06	0.07
Ti	0.09	0.06	0.07	0.07	0.14	0.11	0.07	0.09	0.07	0.11	0.11	0.12	0.15	0.06	0.12	0.11	0.09	0.15
Cr	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.02	0.01	0.01
Fe³⁺	0.08	0.06	0.08	0.06	0.12	0.11	0.05	0.10	0.04	0.10	0.09	0.09	0.09	0.05	0.10	0.10	0.08	0.11
Fe²⁺	0.16	0.14	0.13	0.13	0.13	0.11	0.16	0.14	0.16	0.12	0.13	0.12	0.14	0.15	0.13	0.12	0.12	0.13
Mn	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Mg	0.70	0.77	0.77	0.78	0.62	0.68	0.76	0.67	0.75	0.68	0.68	0.67	0.61	0.77	0.65	0.66	0.73	0.61
Ca	0.90	0.90	0.90	0.89	0.92	0.92	0.88	0.89	0.88	0.91	0.90	0.91	0.90	0.89	0.91	0.92	0.90	0.91
Na	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.04	0.03	0.03	0.04	0.03	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.03	0.04	0.04	0.03	0.04
K	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
各端元组分及计算结果
Wo	48.08	47.35	47.08	46.98	50.26	49.62	46.75	48.17	47.01	49.03	49.13	49.56	50.46	47.01	49.82	49.94	48.30	50.62
En	37.49	40.60	40.22	40.99	33.81	36.39	40.43	36.41	39.96	36.66	36.74	36.56	33.89	40.60	35.69	35.95	39.26	33.94
Fs	12.71	10.58	10.90	10.21	13.88	12.13	11.21	13.25	11.23	12.36	12.12	11.80	13.39	10.77	12.56	12.12	10.74	13.25
Ac	1.72	1.47	1.80	1.83	2.05	1.87	1.61	2.16	1.80	1.95	2.00	2.09	2.27	1.61	1.93	1.99	1.71	2.20

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