永兴岛及七连屿造礁石珊瑚近10年变化分析

李元超; 陈石泉; 郑新庆; 蔡泽富; 吴钟解; 王道儒; 兰建新

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2018.08.010

永兴岛及七连屿造礁石珊瑚近10年变化分析

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2018.08.010

1.
海南省海洋与渔业科学院, 海南海口 570125
2.
国家海洋局第三海洋研究所, 福建厦门 361005

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划"典型脆弱生态修复与保护研究"重点专项（2017YFC0506104）；国家自然科学基金项目地区科学基金项目"海洋自然保护区旅游生态补偿：适应性、运作机理与实现路径研究"（41661111）；海南省海洋渔业科学技术研究项目"海南海草床退化成因及主要海草种营养繁殖研究"（204004）。

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2017-11-04
- 修回日期: 2018-03-16

Analysis of the change of hermatypic corals in Yongxing Island and Qilianyu Island in nearly a decade

1.
Hainan Academy of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences, Haikou 570125, China
2.
Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, China

摘要

摘要: 根据2007-2016年珊瑚礁监测数据，永兴岛及七连屿共调查到造礁石珊瑚11科113种，常见种有鹿角杯形珊瑚Pocillopora damicornis、疣状杯形珊瑚Pocillopora Verrucosa、粗野鹿角珊瑚Acropora humilis、澄黄滨珊瑚Porites lutea、丛生盔形珊瑚Galaxea fascicularis、梳状菊花珊瑚Goniastrea pectinata及锯齿刺星珊瑚Cyphastrea serailia等。研究区域内造礁石珊瑚种类近10年（2007-2016年）来下降明显，其中永兴岛从39种下降到18种，下降率为53.85%；北岛从23种下降到17种，下降率为26.09%；赵述岛从46种下降到12种，下降率为73.91%；西沙洲从51种下降到15种，下降率为70.59%。群体形态群落中皮壳状种类数最为稳定，分枝类下降了59.26%；叶片状下降了75.00%；圆盘状下降了87.50%；团块状下降了57.14%。通过对研究区域造礁石珊瑚种类组成及群落形态等方面的变化分析可见，人为活动、长棘海星、珊瑚病害、台风及全球升温等因素逐渐影响到西沙海域的珊瑚礁生态系统。
- 海南岛 /
- 永兴岛 /
- 七连屿 /
- 造礁石珊瑚 /
- 变化趋势
Abstract: According to monitoring data of coral reefs from 2007 to 2016, there are 11 families and 113 species of hermatypic corals in Yongxing Islands and Qilianyu Islands, in which Pocillopora damicornis, P. verrucosa, Acropora humilis, Porites lutea, Galaxea fascicularis, Goniastrea pectinata and Cyphastrea serailia were common species. In nearly a decade (2007-2016), species number of hermatypic corals significantly declined in survey area, and 53.85% reduction in species number from 39 to 19 was recorded in Yongxing Island, 26.09% reduction from 23 to 17 in Bei Island, 73.91% reduction from 46 to 12 in Zhaoshu Island, and 70.59% reduction from 51 to 19 in Xishazhou Island. Analysis showed that the crusting hermatypic corals were stable in species number in nearly a decade, but other type of hermatypic corals showed a sharp decrease, 59.26% for branching corals, 75.0% for those with thin plate, 87.50% for free-living Fungiidae corals and 57.14% for massive corals. The coral ecosystem in the Xisha Sea was gradually affected by anthropogenic activities, outbreak of crown-of-thorns starfish, coral disease, typhoons and global warming, based on the analysis of the changes of coral species composition and community forms in the study area.
- Hainan Island /
- Yongxing Island /
- Qilianyu Island /
- hermatypic coral /
- change trend

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