南海珊瑚礁区34年卫星遥感海表温度变化的时空特征分析

贾丹丹; 陈正华; 张威; 余克服; 王纪坤; 马小雨; 许华

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2018.03.011

南海珊瑚礁区34年卫星遥感海表温度变化的时空特征分析

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2018.03.011

1.
广西大学环境学院, 广西南宁 530004;广西大学珊瑚礁研究中心, 广西南宁 530004;广西大学海洋学院, 广西南宁 530004
2.
广西大学珊瑚礁研究中心, 广西南宁 530004;广西大学海洋学院, 广西南宁 530004
3.
广西大学环境学院, 广西南宁 530004
4.
中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所国家环境保护卫星遥感重点实验室, 北京 100101

基金项目: 国家重大科学研究计划项目（2013CB956102）。

计量
- 文章访问数: 1247
- HTML全文浏览量: 45
- PDF下载量: 900
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2017-03-23

Analysis of temporal and spatial characteristics of sea surface temperature variabilities over the past 34 years in coral reef areas of the South China Sea

1.
School of Environment, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
2.
Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
3.
School of Environment, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
4.
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Satellite Remote Sensing, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

摘要

摘要: 选取NOAA OISST数据集的1982-2015年南海月平均海洋表面温度（SST），先对东沙、西沙和南沙礁区海域的多年SST进行时间尺度上的统计，然后对该数据集进行距平场的经验正交函数（EOF）分解，研究南海海表温度的时间和空间年际变化特征。研究显示：（1）不同的礁区海域SST升温趋势不同，东沙礁区海域SST升温趋势最明显（0.216℃/（10 a）），西沙和南沙礁区SST的升温趋势分别为0.180℃/（10 a）和0.096℃/（10 a）；（2）西沙和南沙礁区全年处于珊瑚生长的最适海温范围内，东沙一年中有4个月海温较低，SST最高的月份分别集中在7月（东沙礁区）、6月（西沙礁区）和5月（南沙礁区）；（3） EOF第一模态的空间分布显示南海SST变化是同相位的，由西北—东南振幅量值递减，在礁区振幅从大到小依次为东沙、西沙、南沙；（4） EOF第一模态时间系数显示南海SST变化与El Niño事件相关。南海海表温度异常场与Niño3.4指数的相关性分析显示两者关联度最高为0.723，平均关联度也高达0.655；南海SST的变化滞后Niño3.4区7~8个月。综上，在全球变暖背景下，南海SST的变化不仅受到El Niño事件的影响，其不断上升也在悄然威胁珊瑚的正常生长。
- 南海 /
- 海表温度 /
- 珊瑚礁区 /
- 经验正交函数 /
- 厄尔尼诺
Abstract: A monthly sea surface temperature(SST)data from 1982 to 2015 of the South China Sea(SCS)was extracted based on the NOAA OISST data set in this study. First count up the SST at the Dongsha, Xisha and Nansha reef islands on time scale. Then the empirical orthogonal function(EOF)method was applied to the monthly anomaly field of the data set to analyze the characteristics of the yearly spatial and temporal variabilities of the SCS SST distribution. The study showed as follows:(1) The SST warming trends were differed at different reef areas. The rising trend of SST in the Dongsha reef area was the most significant(about 0.216℃/(10 a)). The following trends were 0.18℃/(10 a) at Xisha reef area and 0.096℃/(10 a) at Nansha reef area, respectively; (2) The SST in the Xisha and Nansha reef areas were in the optimum growth temperature of hermatypic corals in the whole year. There were about 4 months lower SST for hermatypic corals in the Dongsha reef area. The hottest month were focus on July(Dongsha), June(Xisha)and May(Nansha), respectively; (3) The first mode of EOF showed that SST over the SCS was spatially in phase and declined from northwest to southeast. That was Dongsha > Xisha > Nansha; (4) The first mode temporal distribution of EOF showed that the variation of SST in the SCS was related to the El Niño. The correlation analysis between SSTA over the SCS and the index of Niño3.4 showed that the average incidence was 0.655, and the highest correlation degree was 0.723. The SSTA over the SCS was lag of Niño3.4 about 7-8 months. In summary, under the background of global warming, the change of SST in the SCS is not only affected by the El Niño, but the continued rising is quietly threaten the growth of corals.
- South China Sea /
- sea surface temperature /
- reef area /
- EOF /
- El Niño

HTML全文

参考文献(40)

Veron J E N, Minchin P R. Correlations between sea surface temperature, circulation patterns and the distribution of hermatypic corals of Japan[J]. Continental Shelf Research, 1992, 12(7/8):835-857.

Lough J M, Barnes D J. Environmental controls on growth of the massive coral Porites[J]. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology & Ecology, 2000, 245(2):225.

Lough J M, Cooper T F. New insights from coral growth band studies in an era of rapid environmental change[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 2011, 108(3):170-184.

王丽荣,余克服,赵焕庭,等. 南海珊瑚礁经济价值评估[J]. 热带地理, 2014, 34(1):44-49. Wang Lirong, Yu Kefu, Zhao Huanting, et al. Economic valuation of the coral reefs in South China Sea[J]. Tropical Geography, 2014, 34(1):44-49.

张乔民, 余克服, 施祺, 等. 中国珊瑚礁分布和资源特点[C]//提高全民科学素质, 建设创新型国家——2006中国科协年会论文集(下册).北京:中国科学技术出版社,2006. Zhang Qiaomin, Yu Kefu, Shi Qi, et al. Distribution and resource characteristics of coral reefs in China[C]//Improve the scientific quality of the whole people, and build an innovative country-Proceedings of the China Association for Science and Technology in 2006(Volume 2). Beijing:Science Press, 2006

Klein S A, Soden B J, Lau N C. Remote sea surface temperature variations during ENSO:Evidence for a tropical atmospheric bridge[J]. Journal of Climate, 1999, 12(12):917-932.

Arceo H O, Quibilan M C, Aliño P M, et al. Coral bleaching in Philippine reefs:coincident evidences with mesoscale thermal anomalies[J]. Bulletin of Marine Science, 2001, 69(2):579-593.

余克服. 南海珊瑚礁及其对全新世环境变化的记录与响应[J]. 中国科学:地球科学, 2012,42(8):1160-1172. Yu Kefu. Coral reefs in the South China Sea:Their response to and records on past environmental changes[J]. Science China:Earth Science, 2012, 42(8):1160-1172.

Hoegh-Guldberg O. Climate change, coral bleaching and the future of the world's coral reefs[J]. Marine and Freshwater Research, 1999, 50(8):839-866.

Yu K F, Zhao J X, Liu T S, et al. High-frequency winter cooling and reef coral mortality during the Holocene climatic optimum[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2004, 224(1):143-155.

Yu K F, Zhao J X, Shi Q, et al. U-series dating of dead Porites corals in the South China Sea:evidence for episodic coral mortality over the past two centuries[J]. Quaternary Geochronology, 2006, 1(2):129-141.

蔡榕硕,张启龙,齐庆华. 南海表层水温场的时空特征与长期变化趋势[J].台湾海峡, 2009, 28(4):559-568. Cai Rongshuo, Zhang Qilong, Qi Qinghua. Spatial and temporal oscillation and long-term variation in sea surface temperature field of the South China Sea[J]. Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait, 2009, 28(4):559-568.

钮智旺. 南海表层水温的长周期振荡及其与埃尔尼诺的关系[J]. 海洋学报, 1994, 16(2):43-49. Niu Zhiwang. Relationships between long-term oscillation of surface water temperature in the South China Sea and El Niño[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 1994, 16(2):43-49.

何有海, 关翠华. 南海上层海洋热含量的年际和年代际变化[J]. 热带海洋, 1997, 16(1):23-29. He Youhai, Guan Cuihua. Interannua and interdecadal variability in heat content of the upper ocean of the South China Sea[J]. Tropic Oceanology, 1997, 16(1):23-29.

陈海英, 方国洪, 乔方利, 等. 南海海面温度与Niño/DMI指数年际变异的相关性分析[J]. 海洋科学进展, 2007, 25(1):20-27. Chen Haiying, Fang Guohong, Qiao Fangli, et al. Correlation analysis of interannual variabilities in SST in SCS and Niño/DMI indices[J]. Advances in Marine Science, 2007, 25(1):20-27.

赵焕庭, 张乔民, 宋朝景, 等. 华南海岸和南海诸岛地貌与环境[M]. 北京:科学出版社, 1999:373-378. Zhao Huanting, Zhang Qiaomin, Song Chaojing, et al. Geomorphology and Environment of the South China Coast and the South China Sea Islands[M]. Beijing:Science Press, 1999:373-378.

张华国, 毛志华, 陈建裕, 等. 东沙群岛卫星遥感[M]. 北京:海洋出版社, 2007:1-2. Zhang Huaguo, Mao Zhihua, Chen Jianyu, et al. Dongsha Qundao Weixing Yaogan[M]. Beijing:China Ocean Press, 2007:1-2.

黄晖, 董志军, 练健生. 论西沙群岛珊瑚礁生态系统自然保护区的建立[J]. 热带地理, 2008, 28(6):540-544. Huang Hui, Dong Zhijun, Lian Jiansheng. Establishment of nature reserve of coral reef ecosystem on the Xisha Islands[J]. Tropical Geography, 2008, 28(6):540-544.

赵焕庭, 温孝胜, 孙宗勋, 等. 南沙群岛珊瑚礁自然特征[J]. 海洋学报, 1996, 18(5):61-70. Zhao Huanting, Wen Xiaosheng, Sun Zongxun, et al. Natural characteristics of coral reefs in Nansha Islands[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 1996, 18(5):61-70.

Lorenz E N. Empirical orthogonal functions and statistical weather prediction[J]. Science Report, 1956, 409(2):997-999.

钱浩. 热带太平洋-印度洋上层热含量变异对我国旱涝的影响研究[D]. 青岛:中国科学院海洋研究所, 2012. Qian Hao. Study on the impace of tropical Pacific-Indian Ocean upper layet heat comtent variation on drought and floof over China[D]. Qingdao:Institute of Oceanography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2012.

North G R, Bell T L, Cahalan R F, et al. Sampling errors in the estimation of empirical orthogonal functions[J]. Monthly Weather Review, 1982, 110(7):699-706.

余克服,蒋明星,程志强,等. 涠洲岛42年来海面温度变化及其对珊瑚礁的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2004, 15(3):506-510. Yu Kefu, Jiang Mingxing. Cheng Zhiqiang, et al. Latest forty two years' sea surface temperature change of Weizhou Island and its influence on coral reef ecosystem[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2004, 15(3):506-510.

Nie B F, Chen T G, Liang M T, et al. The Relationship Between Reef Coral and Environmental Changes of Nansha Islands and Adjacent Regions[M]. Beijing:Science Press, 1997:5-28.

Marshall A T, Clode P. Calcification rate and the effect of temperature in a zooxanthellate and an azooxanthellate scleractinian reef coral[J]. Coral Reefs, 2004, 23(2):218-224.

Cooper T F, De'Ath G, Fabricius K E, et al. Declining coral calcification in massive Porites in two nearshore regions of the northern Great Barrier Reef[J]. Global Change Biology, 2008, 14(3):529-538.

Tanzil J T I, Brown B E, Tudhope A W, et al. Decline in skeletal growth of the coral Porites lutea from the Andaman Sea, South Thailand between 1984 and 2005[J]. Coral Reefs, 2009, 28(2):519-528.

Lough J M. 1997-98:unprecedented thermal stress to coral reefs?[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2000, 27(23):3901-3904.

Shuail D, Wiedenmann J, D'angelo C, et al. Local bleaching thresholds established by remote sensing techniques vary among reefs with deviating bleaching patterns during the 2012 event in the Arabian/Persian Gulf[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2016, 105(2):654-659.

李淑, 余克服, 陈天然, 等. 珊瑚共生虫黄藻密度结合卫星遥感分析2007年南沙群岛珊瑚热白化[J]. 科学通报, 2011, 56(10):756-764. Li Shu, Yu Kefu, Chen Tianran, et al. Assessment of coral bleaching using symbiotic zooxanthellae density and satellite remote sensing data in the Nansha Islands, South China Sea[J]. Science China Bulletin, 2011, 56(10):756-764.

Yu K F, Zhao J X, Lawrence M G, et al. Timing and duration of growth hiatuses in mid Holocene massive Porites corals from the northern South China Sea[J]. Journal of Quaternary Science, 2010, 25(8):1284-1292.

黄刚. 与华北干旱相关联的全球尺度气候变化现象[J]. 气候与环境研究, 2006, 11(3):270-279. Huang Gang. Global climate change phenomenon associated with the droughts in North China[J]. Climatic and Environmental Research, 2006, 11(3):270-279.

梁建茵, 杨菘. 南海西沙观测资料揭示的海温异常及海气相互作用[C]//中国气象学会2007年年会气候学分会场论文集. 2007. Liang Jianyin, Yang Song. SSTA and sea-air interactions revealed by Xisha Islands observations in the South China Sea[C]//Proceeding of Climate Science at Annual Meeting of Chinese Meteorological Society in 2007. 2007.

宋德海, 于华明, 鲍献文. 东中国海及毗邻海域SST年际变化特征分析[J]. 中国海洋大学学报:自然科学版, 2007, 37(S1):21-28. Song Dehai, Yu Huaming, Bao Xianwen. Analysis of the interannual variability of the Eastern China Seas and its adjacent seas surface tempreature[J]. Periodical of Ocean University of China, 2007, 37(S1):21-28.

Trenberth K E, Fasullo J T. Tracking earth's energy:From El Niño to global warming[J]. Surveys in Geophysics, 2012, 33(3):413-426.

厄尔尼诺-时代与生命.[2016-12-10]. http://www.iqiyi.com/a_19rrhbdy1x.html?fc=87451bff3f7d2f4a#vfrm=2-3-0-1.

程泽梅, 汤超莲, 蔡兵, 等. 1960-2013年华南沿海海洋站SST变化及其影响因子[J]. 热带地理, 2016, 36(6):906-914. Cheng Zemei, Tang Chaolian, Cai Bing, et al. Influencing factors of SST variation along the South China Coast during 1960-2013[J]. Tropical Geography, 2016, 36(6):906-914.

魏凤英. 现代气候统计诊断与预测技术[M]. 北京:气象出版社, 1999:23-25. Wei Fengying. Modern Climate Statistical Diagnosis and Prediction Technology[M]. Beijing:China Meteorological Press, 1999:23-25.

邓聚龙. 灰色系统——社会,经济[M]. 北京:国防工业出版社, 1985:26-29. Deng Julong. Grey System-Society, Economy[M]. Beijing:National Defence Industry Press, 1985:26-29.

Zheng C W, Zhuang H, Li X, et al. Wind energy and wave energy resources assessment in the East China Sea and South China Sea[J]. Science China Technological Sciences, 2012, 55(1):163-173.

施引文献

资源附件(0)

访问统计