ENSO对中国近海海平面影响的区域特征研究

王慧; 刘克修; 王爱梅; 徐矅; 范文静; 冯建龙; 李文善; 张增建; 李欢

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2018.03.003

ENSO对中国近海海平面影响的区域特征研究

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2018.03.003

1.
国家海洋信息中心, 天津 300171
2.
杭州师范大学, 浙江杭州 311121

基金项目: 海洋环境安全保障专项（2016YFC1402610）。

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2017-05-31

The regional characteristics of the effects of ENSO on the sea level in the offshore areas of China

1.
National Marine Data & Information Service, Tianjin 300171, China
2.
Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China

摘要

摘要: 使用卫星测高、海表温度以及中国沿海台站水位等数据，分析研究了ENSO对中国近海海平面影响的区域特征。结果表明：（1）赤道东太平洋海表温度与我国近海海平面存在显著的遥相关关系。相关系数自北至南呈梯度递增，分为3个影响明显的区域，分别是渤、黄海、东海和南海海域。南海海平面异常与赤道东太平洋区域的海表温度异常相关性最强，大部分区域的相关系数超过了0.6；东海海域海平面异常与赤道东太平洋海表温度的遥相关系数弱于南海，强于渤、黄海，大部分海域的遥相关系数超过了0.4；渤、黄海海域海平面异常与赤道东太平洋海表温度的遥相关系数最弱，但是大部分海域的遥相关系数超过了0.3，通过了显著性检验。（2）中国沿海海平面的季节变化与ENSO有明显的相关关系，且影响范围具有明显的区域特征，以长江口和台湾海峡为分界线分为长江口以北、长江口到台湾海峡以及台湾海峡以南3个区域。海平面的年振幅在厄尔尼诺年均出现偏低的现象，并且年振幅的极小值均出现在厄尔尼诺年。另外，海平面的年振幅对厄尔尼诺事件的响应与其强弱有关，在强厄尔尼诺事件中，响应区域和幅度较大，弱事件中，响应区域和幅度偏小。（3）南海、东海和渤、黄海这3个区域沿海的海平面变化均存在4~7 a的显著振荡周期，说明这3个区域的海平面均受ENSO的影响。其中，南海7 a周期的振荡幅度最大，约为1.5 cm；东海7 a周期的振荡幅度次之，约为1.3 cm；渤、黄海6 a周期的振荡幅度最小，不到1 cm。
- 中国近海 /
- 海平面 /
- ENSO /
- 海表温度
Abstract: The satellite altimeter data, sea surface temperature (SST) data and on-site sea level data are used to analyse the effects of the ENSO on the sea level in the offshore areas of China, and to investigate the regional characteristics of the effects of ENSO on the sea level in this paper. Results show that significant teleconnection exists between the SST of the tropical Pacific Ocean and the sea level in the China Sea, and the correlation coefficient decreases progressively from south to north. Thus the offshore areas of China can be divided into three regions:the Bohai and Yellow Sea, the East China Sea, and the South China Sea. The correlation in the South China Sea is the most significant, with the coefficient larger than 0.6 at most areas. The correlation coefficient in the East China Sea is smaller than that in the South China Sea but larger than that in the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea, and in most areas the coefficient is larger than 0.4. The correlation in the Bohai and Yellow Sea is the weakest among the three areas, yet the correlation coefficient is larger than 0.3 and has passed the significant tests. The annual amplitudes of the sea levels at tide gauges along the coast of China are also studied. It reveals that the seasonal variations of the sea levels at tide gauges are significantly correlated with the ENSO and show distinctive regional characteristic. Thus according to the correlations, the coast of China can be separated into three regions, the area in the north of the Changjiang River Estuary, from Changjiang River Estuary to the Taiwan Strait and south of the Taiwan Strait. Furthermore, the results indicate that the annual amplitude of the sea levels is at low level in El Niño years, and the minimal annual amplitude during the whole period occurs in the El Niño year as well. And the response intensity of the annual amplitude of the sea levels to the ENSO is highly related to the intensity of the ENSO events. When the ENSO event is strong, the response region is relatively larger and the amplitude is bigger than normal situations. The sea levels show significant oscillation period scaled at about 4-7 years in the above three sea regions. For the fluctuation with the period of 7 years in the South China Sea, the oscillation amplitude is about 1.5 cm, which is the largest among all frequencies. In the East China Sea the amplitude is about 1.3 cm. The amplitude of the 6 years period in the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea is the minimum, less than 1 cm.
- offshore areas of China /
- sea level /
- ENSO /
- sea surface temperature

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