1982-2016年北极开阔水域变化

李海丽; 柯长青

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2017.12.011

1982-2016年北极开阔水域变化

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2017.12.011

南京大学地理与海洋科学学院, 江苏南京 210023

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（41371391）；国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFA0600102）。

计量
- 文章访问数: 1400
- HTML全文浏览量: 13
- PDF下载量: 936
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2017-03-24
- 修回日期: 2017-07-10

Open water variability in the North Pole from 1982 to 2016

School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China

摘要

摘要: 近30年来，北极海冰覆盖范围大幅缩减，开阔水域也相应地发生显著变化。本文利用美国雪冰中心的海冰密集度产品以及美国海洋和大气科学管理局的海水表面温度数据产品，分析了1982-2016年北极开阔水域面积以及开阔水域季节长度的年际变化，并进一步探讨了海水表面温度对开阔水域时空变化的影响。结果表明北极开阔水域面积平均每年增加55.89×10³ km²，海冰消退时间以平均0.77 d/a的速度在提前，海冰出现时间以平均0.82 d/a的速度在延迟，导致开阔水域季节长度以平均1.59 d/a的速度在增加。2016年达到了有遥感观测资料以来开阔水域面积和开阔水域季节长度的最大值，分别为13.52×10⁶ km²和182 d。9个海区的开阔水域变化特征有一定的差异，对开阔水域变化贡献最大的有北冰洋核心区、喀拉海和巴伦支海。海水表面温度对开阔水域的变化有着重要影响，且影响的程度与纬度相关，即高纬度地区的海水表面温度对开阔水域的影响高于低纬度地区。
- 海冰密集度 /
- 开阔水域面积 /
- 开阔水域季节长度 /
- 海水表面温度
Abstract: For nearly thirty years, the Arctic sea ice coverage shrink sharply, with significant changes in open water too. In this thesis, we used the sea ice concentration products from the National Snow and Ice Center and sea surface temperature data from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to analyze the variability of open water area and the length of the open water season from 1982 to 2016. We further analyzed the sea surface temperature's influence on the spatio-temporal variability of open water. The results indicated that the open water area of the North Pole increased at a rate of 55.89×10³km²/a, sea ice retreat time in advance at a rate of 0.77 days per year on average, sea ice advance time delayed at a rate of 0.82 days per year on average, causing the length of the open water season increased at a rate of 1.59 days per year. In 2016, open water and the length of open water season reached maximum since there were remote sensing observation data, the value were 13.52×10⁶ km² and 182 days respectively. Nine partitions have different change about the variability of open water, it was found that the seas which affected the open water most were Arctic Ocean core region, Kara and Barents seas. Sea surface temperature has an important influence on the change of open water, its influence extent has a close relationship with the degree of latitude. For high latitude, sea surface temperature's influence for open water was larger than low latitude.
- sea ice concentration /
- open water area /
- the length of open water season /
- sea surface temperature

HTML全文

参考文献(33)

Aagaard K, Carmack E C. The role of sea ice and other fresh water in the Arctic circulation[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans, 1989, 94(C10):14485-14498.

Cavalieri D J, Parkinson C L, Vinnikov K Y. 30-year satellite record reveals contrasting Arctic and Antarctic decadal sea ice variability[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2003, 30(18):CRY 4-1.

Kinnard C, Zdanowicz C M, Fisher D A, et al. Climatic analysis of sea-ice variability in the Canadian Arctic from operational charts,1980-2004[J]. Annals of Glaciology, 2006, 44(1):391-402.

孔爱婷, 刘健, 余旭, 等. 北极海冰范围时空变化及其与海温气温间的数值分析[J]. 地球信息科学, 2016, 18(6):797-804. Kong Aiting, Liu Jian, Yu Xu, et al. Spatio-temporal variability of Arctic sea ice extent and its numerical analysis with sea surface temperature and air temperature[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2016, 18(6):797-804.

United Nations. A comprehensive report on the Fifth Assessment Report[R]. Denmark:IPCC, 2014.

Eisenman I, Meier W N, Norris J R. Spurious jump in the satellite record:is Antarctic sea ice really expanding?[J]. The Cryosphere Discussions, 2014, 8(1):273-288.

Cavalieri D J, Parkinson C L. Arctic sea ice variability and trends, 1979-2010[J]. The Cryosphere, 2012, 6(4):881-889.

Stroeve J, Holland M M, Meier W, et al. Arctic sea ice decline:Faster than forecast[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2007, 34(9):529-536.

柯长青, 彭海涛, 孙波, 等. 2002年-2011年北极海冰时空变化分析[J]. 遥感学报, 2013, 17(2):452-466. Ke Changqing, Peng Haitao, Sun Bo, et al. Spatio-temporal variability of Arctic sea ice from 2002 to 2011[J]. Journal of Remote Sensing, 2013, 17(2):452-466.

魏立新. 北极海冰变化及其气候效应研究[D]. 青岛:中国海洋大学, 2008. Wei Lixin. The research of arctic sea ice changes and climate effect[D]. Qingdao:Ocean University of China, 2008.

邓娟. 北半球海冰变化及其与气候要素的关系[D]. 南京:南京大学, 2011. Deng Juan. Northern Hemisphere sea ice variability and its relationship with climate factors[D]. Nanjing:Nanjing University, 2011.

崔红艳, 乔方利, 舒启. 2013年北极最小海冰范围比2012年增加的原因分析[J]. 海洋学报, 2015, 37(11):23-32. Cui Hongyan, Qiao Fangli, Shu Qi. Reasons for the increase minimum Arctic sea ice extent in 2013 compared with 2012[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2015, 37(11):23-32.

张璐, 张占海, 李群, 等. 近30年北极海冰异常变化趋势[J]. 极地研究, 2009, 21(4):344-352. Zhang Lu, Zhang Zhanhai, Li Qun, et al. Status of the recent declining of Arctic sea ice studies[J]. Chinese Journal of Polar Research, 2009, 21(4):344-352.

Smith L M, Miller G H, Otto-Bliesner B. Sensitivity of the Northern Hemisphere climate system to extreme changes in Arctic sea ice[J]. Quaternary Science Reviews, 2003, 22(5):645-658.

左正道. 1979-2012年北极海冰运动特征及其对气旋活动的响应研究[D]. 上海:上海海洋大学, 2016. Zuo Zhengdao. The characteristics of Arctic sea ice motion and the effects of Arctic cyclone on it[D]. Shanghai:Shanghai Ocean University, 2016.

邵珠德. 南极春夏季海冰变化及其与气候要素的关系研究[D]. 南京:南京大学, 2016. Shao Zhude. Spring-summer sea ice variations of Antarctica and its relationship with climate factors[D]. Nanjing:Nanjing University, 2016.

Pabi S, Dijken G L V, Arrigo K R. Primary production in the Arctic Ocean, 1998-2006[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2008, 113(C8):185-198.

Arrigo K R, Dijken G L V. Secular trends in Arctic Ocean net primary production[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2011, 116(C9):1527-1540.

Markus T, Burns B A. A method to estimate subpixel-scale coastal polynyas with satellite passive microwave data[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans, 1995, 100(C3):4473-4487.

Kohlbach D, Graeve M, Lange B A. The importance of ice algae-produced carbon in the central Arctic Ocean ecosystem:Food web relationships revealed by lipid and stable isotope analyses[J]. Limnology and Oceanography, 2016, 61:2027-2044.

Stern H L, Laidre K L. Sea-ice indicators of polar bear habitat[J]. The Cryosphere, 2016, 10(5):2027-2041.

Lunn N J, Servanty S, Regehr E V, et al. Demography of an apex predator at the edge of its range-impacts of changing sea ice on polar bears in Hudson Bay[J]. Ecological Applications, 2016, 26(5):1302-1320.

Brown Z W, Arrigo K R. Sea ice impacts on spring bloom dynamics and net primary production in the Eastern Bering Sea[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans, 2013, 118(1):43-62.

Arrigo K R, Dijken G V, Pabi S. Impact of a shrinking Arctic ice cover on marine primary product[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2008, 35(19):116-122.

Arrigo K R, Dijken G L V. Continued increases in Arctic Ocean primary production[J]. Progress in Oceanography, 2015, 136:60-70.

Close S, Houssais M, Herbaut C. Regional dependence in the timing of onset of rapid decline in Arctic sea ice concentration[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans, 2015, 120(12):8077-8098.

Comiso J C, Cavalieri D J, Parkinson C L, et al. Passive microwave algorithms for sea ice concentration:A comparison of two techniques[J]. Remote Sensing of Environment, 1997, 60(3):357-384.

Swift C T, Cavalieri D J. Passive microwave remote sensing for sea ice research[J]. EOS, 1985, 66(49):1210-1212.

Swift C T, Fedor L S, Ramseier R O. An algorithm to measure sea ice concentration with microwave radiometers[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1985, 90(C1):1087-1099.

Cavalieri D J, Gloersen P, Campbell W J. Determination of sea ice parameters with the nimbus 7 SMMR[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1984, 89(D4):5355-5369.

Gloersen P, Cavalieri D J. Reduction of weather effects in the calculation of sea ice concentration from microwave radiances[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1986, 91(C3):3913-3919.

Reynolds R W, Rayner N A, Smith T M, et al. An improved in situ and satellite SST analysis for climate[J]. Journal of Climate, 2002, 15:1609-1625.

Cavalieri D J, Parkinson C L, Gloersen P, et al. Deriving long-term time series of sea ice cover from satellite passive-microwave multisensor data sets[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans, 1999, 104(C7):15803-15814.

施引文献

资源附件(0)

访问统计