中国沿海增减水的变化特征及与海平面变化的关系

王慧; 刘克修; 范文静; 张增建; 徐姗姗; 刘首华

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2017.06.002

中国沿海增减水的变化特征及与海平面变化的关系

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2017.06.002

国家海洋信息中心, 天津 300171

基金项目: 全球变化和海气相互作用专项（GASI-03-01-01-09）。

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2016-04-18
- 修回日期: 2016-09-18

Characteristics of residual water level variation along China coast and its relation to sea level change

National Marine Data & Information Service, Tianjin 300171, China

摘要

摘要: 本文通过对中国沿海25个观测站水位资料的分析，初步探讨了中国沿海1980-2012年增减水的变化特征及与海平面变化的关系。结果表明：（1）中国沿海增减水的季节变化特征明显，相邻站由于受到的气象状况相同，其沿海增减水变化的过程相近，但是变化幅度存在较大差异。从空间分布看，沿海增减水的变化幅度呈现中间大南北小的区域特征，自长江口至广东沿海，增减水的年变化幅度最大，年变幅平均为5.0~7.5 cm；南海周边及北部湾沿海，增减水的年变化幅度次之，年变幅平均为4.0~5.5 cm；自渤海至黄海沿海，增减水的年变化幅度较小，年变幅平均为3.3~3.5 cm。（2）从时间变化看，1980-2012年中国沿海年平均增减水长期基本没有趋势性变化，但明显存在2至5年的周期性变化信号，该信号的震荡幅度为0.1 cm。经过高频滤波后，对沿海月平均增减水序列与Niño3.4指数进行相关性分析，相关系数为-0.5，该相关系数通过了显著性检验，说明中国沿海的增减水变化与ENSO事件呈现负相关关系。（3）中国沿海增减水的长期变化及空间分布特征均与海平面变化不同。1980-2012年，中国沿海海平面的上升速率为2.9 mm/a，而增减水长期基本无趋势性变化；另外，其季节变化与海平面的季节变化从时间和区域上均不存在一致性。（4）但是，短期海平面的变化与增减水有关，并且增减水对短期海平面的贡献根据其具体情况而定，增水幅度大且持续时间长的过程对短期海平面有抬升作用，其贡献率最大可达65%；反之，减水幅度大且持续时间长的过程则对短期海平面有降低的作用。
- 增减水 /
- 海平面 /
- 周期 /
- ENSO
Abstract: By analyzing 25 stations' sea level data, this paper preliminarily investigate the characteristics of residual water level variation along China coast and its relation to sea level change during 1980-2012. The results show: (1) Residual water level along China coast has significant seasonal variation. As the weather condition is the same in the adjacent stations, the procedure of residual water level variation is similar. From spatial distribution, residual water level variation along China coast presents obviously regional characteristics, and the amplitude of variation is big in middle, small in south and north. From Yangtze River to the coastal region of Guangdong, the amplitude of residual water level variation is largest, and the average annual range is 5.0-7.5 cm. From the coast of Hainan to the coast of Beibu Gulf, the amplitude of residual water level variation is larger, and the average annual range is 4.0-5.5 cm. From the coast of Bohai Sea to the coast of Yellow Sea, the amplitude of residual water level variation is small, and the average annual range is 3.3-3.5 cm. (2) From temporal variation, average annual residual water level basically has no tendency change during 1980-2012, but it has a 2-5 a periodic signal. The oscillation amplitude is 0.1 cm. Correlation coefficient between the monthly residual water level time sequence and Niño3.4 index is -0.5, which passed the significance test. It shows that the monthly residual water level is associated with ENSO. (3) Residual water level time variation and spatial distribution characteristic along China coast are all different from sea level. 1980-2012, the rise rate of China coast sea level is 2.9 mm/a, but there is almost no long-term tendency change in residual water level. In addition, the seasonal variation of residual water level and sea level is inconsistent in time and area. (4) Residual water level has an impact on short-term sea level change, and the magnitude of the impact is based on its residual water level. The long time increasing water make the sea level higher, and its maximum contribution rate is 65%. On the contrary, the long time decreasing water make the sea level lower.
- residual water level /
- sea level /
- period /
- ENSO

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