青岛灵山湾筏式养殖魁蚶食物来源的季节变动研究

蔡星媛; 张秀梅; 刘甜雨; 李文涛; 张沛东

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2016.12.011

青岛灵山湾筏式养殖魁蚶食物来源的季节变动研究

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2016.12.011

1.
中国海洋大学水产学院, 山东青岛 266003
2.
中国海洋大学水产学院, 山东青岛 266003;青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室, 山东青岛 266072

基金项目: 海洋公益性行业科研专项（201405010，201305043）；青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室鳌山科技创新计划项目（2015ASKJ01）。

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- 收稿日期: 2016-05-12

Seasonal variation in the food sources of the ark-shell Anadara broughtonii in raft culture in Lingshan Bay, Qingdao

1.
College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
2.
College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;Functional Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266072, China

摘要

摘要: 魁蚶（Anadara broughtonii）是我国北方重要的经济贝类，筏式养殖是其主要的生产方式。2014年5月至2015年1月，测定了不同季节灵山湾筏式养殖魁蚶及其3种潜在食物源（表层颗粒有机物SPOM、底层颗粒有机物BPOM和附着微藻AM）的碳氮稳定同位素（δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N），结合胃含物分析研究了海区食物源结构的季节变化对魁蚶食物组成的影响。结果显示，魁蚶及其食物源的稳定同位素比值均存在明显的季节差异，魁蚶的δ¹³C值（-19.6‰~-19.2‰）介于SPOM （-23.3‰~-21.8‰）、BPOM （-22.1‰~-21.2‰）和AM（-17.0‰~-16.0‰）之间，δ¹⁵N值范围集中在8.7‰~9.9‰。冬季魁蚶的δ¹³C值最低，δ¹⁵N值则最富集。水体颗粒有机物（主要由浮游植物组成）是魁蚶的主要食物来源（60.0%~77.8%），以夏季的饵料贡献率最高；海区再悬浮作用使BPOM的贡献率始终维持在较高水平（30.8%~47.1%）；而养殖网笼上的附着微藻也可为魁蚶提供约22.1%~40.0%的食物。研究揭示了筏式养殖魁蚶可以混合滤食颗粒有机物和附着微藻，附着微藻是其重要的食物补充。
- 魁蚶 /
- 食物来源 /
- 季节变化 /
- 筏式养殖 /
- 稳定同位素分析 /
- 胃含物分析
Abstract: Ark-shell Anadara broughtonii is one of the most important commercial bivalve species in Northern China. Raft culture of ark-shell has been developing rapidly. Stable isotope (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) analysis was conducted on Anadara broughtonii in raft culture and three potential food sources:surface particular organic matter (SPOM), bottom particular organic matter (BPOM) and attached microalgae (AM) in the raft culture area, Lingshan Bay of Qingdao, in four seasons, from May 2014 to January 2015. Meanwhile, the composition of food sources for the cultured ark-shell was investigated in relation to season by using stable isotopes and stomach content analysis. The results showed that, the δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N values of ark-shell and their food sources varied significantly with season. The δ¹³C values of ark-shell (-19.6‰ to -19.2‰) were higher than those of SPOM (-23.3‰ to -21.8‰) and BPOM (-22.1‰ to -21.2‰), but lower than those of AM (-17.0‰ to -16.0‰). The δ¹⁵N values mainly ranged from 8.7‰ to 9.9‰. In addition, the ark-shell in winter had significantly depleted δ¹³C and enriched δ¹⁵N. The particulate organic matter (mainly phytoplankton) in water column was the principle food source for ark-shell, with a contribution of about 60.0%-77.8% (with the highest contribution in summer). Meanwhile, the contribution of BPOM resulting from resuspension in this area remained a high level (about 30.8%-47.1%), and the AM on culture cages took up about 22.1%-40.0% contribution in diets. These results indicate that A. broughtonii feeds on a mixture diet of particulate organic matter and attached microalgae, and the AM on cages can treat as important supplemental food sources in raft culture area.
- Anadara broughtonii /
- food sources /
- seasonal changes /
- raft culture /
- stable isotope analysis /
- stomach content analysis

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