Changes in trophic level of marine catches in the northeast Atlantic
-
摘要: 东北大西洋是重要的海洋捕捞海域,该海域渔业栖息环境易受北极气候变化的影响。为此,本文基于1950-2012年东北大西洋FAO的渔获统计数据,对已开发的293种渔获物平均营养级(mTL)、营养级平衡指标(FIB)和渔获营养级分类(TrC)进行时间序列的统计,为进一步研究该海域渔业资源受北极气候变化的影响提供基础。研究认为,平均营养级(mTL)从1950年(mTL=3.71)下降至2012年(mTL=3.57),每年下降约0.02TL(r=-0.614;P<0.01),而近8年来营养级平衡指数持续下降。同时,研究表明,东北大西洋渔获物平均营养级和气候变化(海表温上升、北大西洋涛动和海冰缩减等)息息相关,其中渔获量出现高产值均在海表温异常年份:1956年、1976年和1997年。本文分析了东北大西洋渔获物营养级变动情况,为研究东北大西洋渔获组成变化与气候变化的关系提供研究基础,也为渔业资源的可持续开发提供了理论依据。Abstract: The northeast Atlantic is said to be an important piece of waters for marine capture. Its inhabiting environment is sensitive to the changes of the Arctic climate. Based on the data of the catch of FAO in the northeast Atlantic from 1950 to 2012, this article analyzes three indexes of 293 exploited marine communities. The three indexes are mTL (the temporal trend in the mean trophic level), FIB (fisheries-in-balance index), TrC (trophic categories). The goal is to provide the basis for further study of how the Arctic climate change influences its fishery resources. According to our research, the mTL had greatly decreased at a rate of 0.02TL per year (r=-0.614; P<0.01), from 3.71 (1950) to 3.57(2012). Meanwhile, the FIB index had been speeding downhill for the last 8 years. Moreover, the mTL of the catch in the northeast Atlantic is highly related to the climate change (such as rise of sea surface temperature, North Atlantic Oscillation and shrinking sea ice and so on). It is obvious that high catches came up in the anomalies year of the sea surface temperature:1956, 1976 and 1997. This paper analyzes changes of trophic level to catch in the northeast Atlantic, so as to provide the basis of studying the relationship between fish composition and climate change in the northeast Atlantic. In addition, it also offers a theoretical basis for the sustainable development of fisheries resources.
-
FAO F. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture[M]. Rome,2000. Lampitt R S,Billett D S M,Rice A L. Biomass of the invertebrate megabenthos from 500 to 4100m in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean[J]. Marine Biology,1986,93(1): 69-81. Bailey D M,Collins M A,Gordon J D,et al. Long-term changes in deep-water fish populations in the Northeast Atlantic: a deeper reaching effect of fisheries?[J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences,2009,276(1664): 1965-1969. Rijnsdorp A D,Van Beek F A,Flatman S,et al. Recruitment of sole stocks,Solea solea(L.),in the Northeast Atlantic[J]. Netherlands Journal of Sea Research,1992,29(1/3): 173-192. Pierce G J,Boyle P R,Hastie L C,et al. Diets of squid Loligo forbesi and Loligo vulgaris in the Northeast Atlantic[J]. Fisheries Research,1994,21(1/2): 149-163. Jacobsen J A,Hansen L P. Feeding habits of wild and escaped farmed Atlantic salmon,Salmo salar L.,in the Northeast Atlantic[J]. ICES Journal of Marine Science,2001,58(4): 916-933. Hannesson R. Geographical distribution of fish catches and temperature variations in the Northeast Atlantic since 1945[J]. Marine Policy,2007,31(1): 32-39. Rose G A. On distributional responses of North Atlantic fish to climate change[J]. ICES Journal of Marine Science,2005,62(7): 1360-1374. Rouyer T,Fromentin J-M,Hidalgo M,et al. Combined effects of exploitation and temperature on fish stocks in the Northeast Atlantic[J]. ICES Journal of Marine Science,2014,doi: 10.1093/icesjms/fsu042. Kell L T,Pastoors M A,Scott R D,et al. Evaluation of multiple management objectives for Northeast Atlantic flatfish stocks: sustainability vs. stability of yield[J]. ICES Journal of Marine Science,2005,62(6): 1104-1117. Jakobsson J. Monitoring and management of the northeast Atlantic herring stocks[J]. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,1985,42(S1): s207-s221. Link J S,Garrison L P. Trophic ecology of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua on the Northeast US continental shelf[J]. Marine Ecology Progress Series,2002,227: 109-123. Libungan L A,Óskarsson G J,Slotte A,et al. Otolith shape: a population marker for Atlantic herring Clupea harengus[J]. Journal of Fish Biology,2015,86(4): 1377-1395. Jansen T,Kristensen K,Van der Kooij J,et al. Nursery areas and recruitment variation of Northeast Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus)[J]. ICES Journal of Marine Science,2014,doi: 10.1093/icesjms/fsu186. MacKenzie B R,Payne M R,Boje J,et al. A cascade of warming impacts brings bluefin tuna to Greenland waters[J]. Global Change Biology,2014,20(8): 2484-2491. Woods P J,Bouchard C,Holland D S,et al. Catch-quota balancing mechanisms in the Icelandic multi-species demersal fishery: are all species equal?[J]. Marine Policy,2015,55: 1-10. Stamoulis A,Polet H,Torreele E,et al. The large fish indicator in North Sea waters: dies it respond to the recent decline in fishing?[C]. ICES Annual Science Conference,2014. Reid K,Croxall J P. Environmental response of upper trophic-level predators reveals a system change in an Antarctic marine ecosystem[J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B: Biological Sciences,2001,268(1465): 377-384. Eiton C. Animal Ecology[M]. London: Sidgwick & Jackson,1927. Pauly D,Christensen V,Dalsgaard J,et al. Fishing down marine food webs[J]. Science,1998,279(5352): 860-863. Pauly D,Watson R. Background and interpretation of the ‘Marine Trophic Index’as a measure of biodiversity[J]. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences,2005,360(1454): 415-423. Kaschner K,Watson R,Christensen V,et al. Modelling and mapping trophic overlap between marine mammals and commercial fisheries in the North Atlantic[C]//Zeiier D,Pauly Watson R D. Fisheries Impacts on North Atlantic Ecosystems: Catch,Effort and National/Regional Datasets. Fisheries Centre Research Reports,2001,9(3): 35-45. Mcclanahan T R,Hicks C C. Changes in life history and ecological characteristics of coral reef fish catch composition with increasing fishery management[J]. Fisheries Management and Ecology,2011,18(1): 50-60. Caddy J F,Garibaldi L. Apparent changes in the trophic composition of world marine harvests: the perspective from the FAO capture database[J]. Ocean & Coastal Management,2000,43(8/9): 615-655. Froese R,Pauly D. FishBase[DB/OL]. World wide web electronic publication. www.fishbase.org,version (08/2015). Palomares M L D,Pauly D. SeaLifeBase[DB/OL]. World wide web electronic publication. www.sealifebase.org,version (08/2015). Pauly D,Christensen V,Guénette S,et al. Towards sustainability in world fisheries[J]. Nature,2002,418(6898): 689-695. Pauly D,Christensen V,Walters C. Ecopath,Ecosim,and Ecospace as tools for evaluating ecosystem impact of fisheries[J]. ICES Journal of Marine Science,2000,57(3): 697-706. Pauly D,Christensen V. Primary production required to sustain global fisheries[J]. Nature,1995,374(6519): 255-257. 宁青. 海洋鱼类分布 "上中下"[J]. 海洋世界,1999(12): 9-9. Ning Qing. Distribution of marine fish about three storeys[J]. Ocean World,1999(12): 9-9. 陈宝红,周秋麟,杨圣云. 气候变化对海洋生物多样性的影响[J]. 台湾海峡,2009,28(3): 437-444. Chen Baohong,Zhou Qiulin,Yang Shengyun. Impacts of climate changes on marine biodiversity[J]. Oceanography in Taiwan Strait,2009,28(3): 437-444. 曲金华,江志红,谭桂容,等. 冬季北大西洋海温年际、年代际变化与中国气温的关系[J]. 地理科学,2006,26(5): 557-563. Qu Jinhua,Jiang Zhihong,Tan Guirong,et al. Relation between interannual,interdecadal variability of SST in North Atlantic in winter and air temperature in China[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica,2006,26(5): 557-563. Takahashi T,Wanninkhof R H,Feely R A,et al. Net sea-air CO2 flux over the global oceans: an improved estimate based on the sea-air pCO2 difference[C]//Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium,CO2 in the Oceans. Tsukuba: Center for Global Environmental Research,National Institute for Environmental Studies,1999. Efthymiadis D,Hernandez F,Le Traon P Y. Large-scale sea-level variations and associated atmospheric forcing in the subtropical north-east Atlantic Ocean[J]. Deep-Sea Research Part Ⅱ: Topical Studies in Oceanography,2002,49(19): 3957-3981. 武炳义,黄荣辉,高登义. 与北大西洋接壤的北极海冰和年际气候变化[J]. 科学通报,2000,45(18): 1993-1998. Wu Bingyi,Huang Ronghui,Gao Dengyi. Arctic sea ice bordering on the North Atlantic and interannual climate variations[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin,2001,46(2): 162-165. De La Fayette L A. Oceans governance in the Arctic[J]. The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law,2008,23(3): 531-566. Kwok R. Outflow of Arctic Ocean sea ice into the Greenland and Barents Seas: 1979-2007[J]. Journal of Climate,2009,22(9): 2438-2457. Ottersen G,Stenseth N C. Atlantic climate governs oceanographic and ecological variability in the Barents Sea[J]. Limnology and Oceanography,2001,46(7): 1774-1780. Alheit J,Licandro P,Coombs S,et al. Reprint of "Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) modulates dynamics of small pelagic fishes and ecosystem regime shifts in the eastern North and Central Atlantic"[J]. Journal of Marine Systems,2014,133: 88-102. 郭文路,黄硕琳,曹世娟. 个体可转让配额制度在渔业管理中的运用分析[J]. 海洋通报,2002,21(4): 72-78. Guo Wenlu,Huang Shuolin,Cao Shijuan. Analysis on applying individual transferable quota system to the fishery management[J]. Marine Science Bulletin,2002,21(4): 72-78. 肖栋,李建平. 全球海表温度场中主要的年代际突变及其模态[J]. 大气科学,2007,31(5): 839-854. Xiao Dong,Li Jianping. Main decadal abrupt changes and decadal modes in global sea surface temperature field[J]. Atmospheric Sciences,2007,31(5): 839-854. Bhathal B,Pauly D. ‘Fishing down marine food webs’ and spatial expansion of coastal fisheries in India,1950—2000[J]. Fisheries Research,2008,91(1): 26-34.
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 1015
- HTML全文浏览量: 8
- PDF下载量: 972
- 被引次数: 0