Reasons for the increase minimum Arctic sea ice extent in 2013 compared with 2012
-
摘要: 北极海冰范围从1979年有卫星观测资料以来呈现明显下降趋势,尤其是9月份。2012年9月北极海冰范围达到有观测记录以来的最小值,而2013年9月比2012年同期增加了60%。增加的区域主要在东西伯利亚海区、楚科奇海和波弗特海区。本文应用距平和经验模态分解方法,分析了美国国家冰雪数据中心的北极海冰卫星数据、欧洲预报中心的夏季底层大气环流数据和上层海洋的温度,指出2013年北极最小海冰范围比2012年在北冰洋太平洋扇区增加的原因,是由于表面气温(SAT)降低、海平面气压(SLP)升高、气旋式风场异常、表面空气中水汽含量(SH)降低以及海表面温度(SST)降低5个条件形成的冰-SAT、冰-SST和冰-汽(SH)3个正反馈机制共同作用造成的。Abstract: Satellite data since 1979 show that the monthly mean Arctic sea-ice extent has downward trends, with the largest trend in September. The Arctic sea-ice minimum extent is observed in September 2012. While the minimum Arctic sea-ice area in the following September 2013 increases 60% compared with 2012. The sea-ice increase areas mainly locate in the Pacific section of Arctic Ocean: East Siberian Sea, Chukchi Sea, and Beaufort Sea. By using methods of climatological anomalies and Empirical Mode Decomposition, we investigated the Arctic sea-ice data from the National Snow and Ice Data Center, lower atmospheric circulation pattern and the upper-ocean from ERA-Interim data in summer to explain this sea-ice sharp increase phenomenon. Results show that the increasing of the Arctic sea ice in 2013 compared with 2012 is related to the following five conditions: the surface air temperature (SAT) decrease, sea level pressure (SLP) increase, the cyclonic anomaly of wind field, surface special humidity (SH) and surface sea temperature (SST) decrease. All these five favorable conditions for sea-ice increase are closely related with by the ice-SAT, ice-SST and ice-SH positive feedbacks in the Arctic Ocean.
-
Key words:
- Arctic sea ice extent /
- atmospheric circulation /
- the upper ocean /
- feedback /
-
Rigor I G, Wallace J M, Colony R L. Response of sea ice to the Arctic Oscillation[J]. J Clim, 2002, 15: 2648-2663. Rigor I G, Wallace J M. Variations in the age of Arctic sea ice and summer sea-ice extent[J]. Geophys Res Lett, 2004, 31(9): L09401. Stroeve J C, Maslanik J, Serreze M C, et al. Sea ice response to an extreme negative phase of the Arctic Oscillation during winter 2009/2010[J]. Geophys Res Lett, 2011, 38(2): L02502. 武炳义, 高登义, 黄荣辉. 冬春季节北极海冰的年际和年代际变化[J]. 气候与环境研究, 2000, 5(3): 249-258. Wu Bingyi, Gao Dengyi, Huang Ronghui. The interannual and interdecadal changes of Arctic sea ice in spring and winter[J]. Climate and Environment, 2000, 5(3): 249-258. 朱大勇, 赵进平, 史久新. 北极楚科奇海海冰面积多年变化的研究[J]. 海洋学报, 2007, 29(2): 25-33. Zhu Dayong, Zhao Jinping, Shi Jiuxin. Study on the Chukchi sea ice for years of change[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2007, 29(2): 25-33. Solomon S, Somerville R, Rusticucci M, et al. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis[M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. Schweiger A J, Lindsay R W, Vavrus S, et al. Relationships between Arctic sea ice and clouds during autumn[J]. J Clim, 2008, 21: 4799-4810. Simmonds I, Keay K. Extraordinary September Arctic sea ice reductions and their relationships with storm behavior over 1979-2008[J]. Geophys Res Lett, 2009, 36(9): L19715 . Simmonds I, Rudeva I. The great Arctic cyclone of August 2012[J]. Geophys Res Lett, 2012, 39:L054259. Devasthale A, Koenigk T, Sedlar J, et al. The thermodynamic state of the Arctic atmosphere observed by AIRS: comparisons during the record minimum sea-ice extents of 2007 and 2012[J]. Atmos Chem Phys Discuss, 2013, 13(1): 177-199. Comiso J C, Parkinson C L, Gersten R, et al. Accelerated decline in the Arctic sea ice cover[J]. Geophys Res Lett, 2008, 35(1): L01703. 张璐, 张占海, 李群, 等. 近30年北极海冰异常变化趋势[J]. 极地研究, 2009, 21(4): 344-352. Zhang Lu, Zhang Zhanhai, Li Qun, et al. The trend of Arctic sea ice anomalies in recent 30 years[J]. Advances in Polar Science, 2009, 21(4): 344-352. Stroeve J, Serreze M, Drobot S, et al. Arctic sea ice extent plummets in 2007[J]. EOS Trans AGU, 2008, 89(2): 13-14. Screen J A, Simmonds I. The central role of diminishing sea ice in recent Arctic temperature amplification[J]. Nature, 2010, 464: 1334-1337. Steele M, Zhang J, Ermold W. Mechanisms of summertime upper Arctic Ocean warming and the effect on sea ice melt[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2010, 115: C11004. Kay J E, L'Ecuyer T, Gettelman A, et al. The contribution of cloud and radiation anomalies to the 2007 Arctic sea ice extent minimum[J]. Geophys Res Lett, 2008, 35(8): L08503. Polyakov I V, Timokhov L A, Alexeev V A, et al. Arctic Ocean warming contributes to reduced polar ice cap[J]. J Phys Oceanogr, 2010, 40(12): 2743-2756. Ogi M, Wallace J M. Summer minimum Arctic sea ice extent and the associated summer atmospheric circulation[J]. Geophys Res Lett, 2007, 34(12): L12705. Ogi M, Rigor I G, McPhee M G, et al. Summer retreat of Arctic sea ice: Role of summer winds[J]. Geophys Res Lett, 2008, 35(24): L24701. Ogi M, Yamazaki K, Wallace J M. Influence of winter and summer surface wind anomalies on summer Arctic sea ice extent[J]. Geophys Res Lett, 2010, 37(7): L07701. L'Heureux M L, Kumar A, Bell G D, et al. Role of the Pacific-North American (PNA) pattern in the 2007 Arctic sea ice decline[J]. Geophys Res Lett, 2008, 35(20): L20701. Wang J, Zhang J, Watanabe E, et al. Is the Dipole Anomaly a major driver to record lows in Arctic summer sea ice extent? [J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2009, 36: L05706. Ogi M, Wallace J M. The role of summer surface wind anomalies in the summer Arctic sea ice extent in 2010 and 2011[J]. Geophys Res Lett, 2012, 39(9): L09704. Sedlar J, Devasthale A. Clear sky thermodynamic and radiative anomalies over a sea ice sensitive region of the Arctic[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2012, 117: D19111. Vihma T, Jaagus J, Jakobson E, et al. Meteorological conditions in the Arctic Ocean in spring and summer 2007 as recorded on the drifting ice station Tara[J]. Gephys Res Lett, 2008, 35(18): L18706. Zhang J, Lindsay R, Steele M, et al. What drove the dramatic retreat of arctic sea ice during summer 2007?[J] Geophys Res Lett, 2008, 35(11): L11505. Zhang Jinlun, Lindsay R, Steele M, et al. The impact of an intense summer cyclone on 2012 Arctic sea ice retreat[J]. American Geophysical Union, 2013, 40(4):720-726. Screen J A, Simmonds I, Keay K. Dramatic interannual changes of perennial Arctic sea ice linked to abnormal summer storm activity [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2011, 116: D15105. 刘喜迎, 刘海龙.大气变率对北极地区近期海冰变化趋势影响数值模拟研究[J]. 地球物理学报, 2012, 55(9): 2867-2875. Liu Xiying, Liu Hailong. The Numerical simulation studies on the influence of the atmospheric variability on the trend of recent sea ice in the Arctic region[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2012, 55(9): 2867-2875. Perovich D k, Richter M J A, Jones K F, et al. Sunlight, water, and ice: Extereme Arctic Sea ice melt during the summer of 2007[J]. Geophys Res Lett, 2008, 35: L11501. Perovich D K, Light B, Eicken H, et al. Increasing solar heating of the Arctic Ocean and adjacent seas, 1979-2005: Attribution and role in the ice-albedo feedback[J]. Geophys Res Lett, 2007, 34: L19505. Cavalieri D J, Parkinson C L, Gloersen P, et al. Deriving long-term time series of sea ice cover from satellite passive-microwave multisensor data sets[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1999, 104: 15803-15814. Fetterer F, Knowles K, Meier W, et al. Sea Ice Index (National Snow and Ice Data Center, Boulder, CO) (updated 2009) [R]. National Snow and Ice Data Center, Boulder, 2002. Dee D P, Uppala S. Variational bias correction of satellite radiance data in the ERA-Interim reanalysis[J]. Q J R Meteorol Soc, 2009, 135(644): 1830-1841. Dee D P, Uppala1 S M, Simmons1 A J, et al. The ERA-interim reanalysis: configuration and performance of the data assimilation system[J]. Q J Roy Meteorol Soc, 2011, 137(656): 553-597. Vihma T. Effects of Arctic Sea ice decline on weather and climate: A review[J]. Surveys in Geophysics, 2014, 35: 1175-1214. Gao Yongqi, Sun Jianqi, Li Fei, et al. Arctic sea ice and Eurasian climate: A review[J]. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 2015, 32(1): 92-114.
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 1681
- HTML全文浏览量: 6
- PDF下载量: 812
- 被引次数: 0