渤海石油污染:来自表层沉积物中生物标志物的证据

胡利民; 刘季花; 石学法; 李力; 范德江; 秦延文; 郭志刚; 马德毅

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2013.01.014

渤海石油污染:来自表层沉积物中生物标志物的证据

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2013.01.014

1.
国家海洋局第一海洋研究所海洋沉积与环境地质国家海洋局重点实验室, 山东青岛 266061
2.
中国海洋大学海洋地球科学学院, 海底科学与探测技术教育部重点实验室, 山东青岛 266100
3.
中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室, 北京 100012
4.
复旦大学环境科学与工程系, 上海 200433

基金项目: 海洋公益性行业科研专项经费项目(201105003-2; 201205001);国家自然科学基金项目(41206055;40776062); 山东省博士后创新项目(201002010);中国博士后科学基金(20110491626)。

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2012-03-31
- 修回日期: 2012-09-26

Petroleum contamination in the surface sediments of the Bohai Sea: evidence from the sedimentary biomarker records

1.
Key Laboratory of State Oceanic Administration for Marine Sedimentology & Environmental Geology, First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266061, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences and Technology of Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
3.
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
4.
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China

摘要

摘要: 通过对渤海表层沉积物中饱和烃的分布、来源和分子组成特征的系统分析,探讨了沉积物中生物标志物对石油污染的指示意义。研究表明,沉积物中色谱不可分辨的混合物(UCM)和正构烷烃的分布及组成特征显示出沉积物不同程度地受到了石油烃输入和细菌微生物作用的影响,其中以渤海湾沿岸区域最为明显。渤海湾近岸区和黄河口附近沉积物中正构烷烃平均碳链长度(ACL)低于其他地区,姥鲛烷/植烷(Pr/Ph)也普遍低于1.0,表明可能受到来自于石油平台开采活动、船舶航行、河流输入的石油烃的影响。C₂₇-18α(H)-三降藿烷(Ts)与C₂₇-17α(H)-三降藿烷(Tm)的比值(Ts/Tm)、C₃₁升藿烷22S/(22S+22R)和αααC₂₉甾烷20S/(20S+20R)的比值表明该区域沉积物中有机质成熟度较高,可能受到外来石油烃输入及其衍生物的影响。通过与周边环境中生物标志物分子组成特征的对比发现,沉积物中甾烷和萜类化合物主要来源于石油及其衍生物。将饱和烃各参数进行归一化处理,得到了石油污染的综合替代性指标,并初步圈定了石油污染相对较重的区域。
- 饱和烃 /
- 表层沉积物 /
- 生物标志物 /
- 石油污染 /
- 渤海
Abstract: On the basis of the examination of the distribution, sources and molecular composition of the aliphatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments of the Bohai Sea, the sedimentary biomarkers of those hydrocarbons and their indication for the petroleum contamination was elucidated. The occurrence of unresolved complex mixtures and the distribution and compositional patterns of the n-alkanes in the sediments indicated the presence of a widespread petroleum contamination, especially for the coastal Bohai Bay. The n-alkane average chain length (ACL) in the samples from the offshore Bohai Bay and Huanghe River estuary was significant lower than those from the other regions, coupling with the lower ratios of Pr/Ph (<1.0), which suggesting the potential impact of the offshore oil exploration, shipping activity and fluvial input for the petroleum residue input. The conventional diagnostic ratios of the petroleum biomarkers, such as Ts/Tm, homohopanes S/(S+R) and αααC₂₉ sterane S/(S+R) ratios indicated a presence of mature constituents in the sediments, implying the contribution of crude oil or its products. By comparing the molecular composition to the samples from the surrounding environmental setting, the steranes and terpanes in the sediment samples was mainly derived from the crude oil and/or its products. After normalization of the aliphatic hydrocarbon parameters, the petroleum hydrocarbon index (PHI) was achieved. The PHI has figured out four divided regions as the relatively intense contaminated regions with a total area of 1.22×10⁶ km², accounting for 24% of the study area.
- aliphatic hydrocarbons /
- surface sediment /
- biomarkers /
- petroleum contamination /
- the Bohai Sea

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