3D geological modelling method of offshore wind farms based on multi-source data fusion
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摘要: 三维地质模型通过利用海上勘察数据直观地展示海底地质情况，对海上风电场的开发建设具有积极的推动作用。为提高海上风电场三维地质模型的准确性和建模效率，提出一种基于多源数据融合的地质建模方法。该方法对岩土勘察数据和工程物探数据进行综合解释，采用空间插值算法生成连续且平滑的地层分界面，并利用Python开源库实现了三维地质模型的构建与可视化。此外，以粤东地区某海上风电场为例，验证了该地质建模方法的可靠性。结果表明：该方法实现了岩土数据和物探数据的有效融合，所构建的三维地质模型能够反映海上风电场复杂的地质特征。所提出的三维地质建模方法可以适用于不同的工程地质环境，为海上风电场从勘察、设计、安装、运维到退役的全生命周期管理提供坚实的技术支撑。Abstract: Three-dimensional (3D) geological models enable the intuitive representation of seabed geological conditions through using marine survey data, which actively promotes the development and construction of offshore wind farms. To enhance the accuracy and modelling efficiency of 3D geological models for offshore wind farms, a geological modelling method is proposed based on multi-source data fusion. This method conducts an integrated interpretation of geotechnical investigation data and engineering geophysical data, employs spatial interpolation algorithms to generate continuous and smooth layer interfaces, and utilizes Python open-source libraries to construct and visualize the 3D geological models. Furthermore, taking an offshore wind farm in eastern Guangdong as an example, the reliability of the geological modelling method is validated. The results demonstrate that the method achieves the effective integration of geotechnical and geophysical data, and the constructed 3D geological model could reflect the complex geological characteristics of the offshore wind farm. The proposed 3D geological modelling method is applicable to a diverse range of engineering geological conditions, providing solid technical support for the full lifecycle management of offshore wind farms, from exploration, design, installation, operation and maintenance to decommissioning.
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图 1 岩土勘察数据(a)和工程物探数据(b)的示例
Fig. 1 Examples of geotechnical investigation data (a) and engineering geophysical data (b)
图 2 基于多源数据融合的三维地质模型构建流程
Fig. 2 Flow chart of constructing three-dimensional (3D) geological models based on multi-source data fusion
图 5 粤东某海上风电场的位置及其海上勘察数据
Fig. 5 The location and marine survey data of an offshore wind farm in eastern Guangdong
图 7 不同插值间距下反比距离加权法和普通克里金法的空间插值结果比较（以地层分界T4为例）
Fig. 7 Comparison of spatial interpolation results between inverse distance weighting method and ordinary Kriging method under different interpolation spacings (taking the layer interface T4 as an example)
图 8 使用普通克里金法的空间插值结果
Fig. 8 Spatial interpolation results using ordinary Kriging method
图 9 海上风电场三维地质模型与验证
Fig. 9 3D geological models and validation for the offshore wind farm
表 1 该海上风电场区域各土层的纵波速度
Tab. 1 The P-wave velocities of various soil layers in the offshore wind farm area
土层类型 淤泥质土 粉砂、砂土 粉土、黏土、粉质黏土 纵波速度/(m·s−1) 1550 1600 1650 
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