Correlation analysis of zooplankton community structure and environmental factors in Oujiang River Estuary
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摘要: 为探究瓯江口海域浮游动物群落结构与环境因子的相关性，分别于2021年3月（冬季）、5月（春季）、8月（夏季）、11月（秋季）对瓯江口海域的浮游动物及海水温度、盐度、叶绿素a浓度等环境因子进行了4个航次的调查。结果显示共鉴定出浮游动物78种，其中包括16种浮游幼虫，隶属于8门14大类，夏季物种数最丰富（47种），冬季物种数最低（23种），优势种（Y ≥ 0.02）有17种，其中桡足类占8种，如中华哲水蚤（Calanus sinicus）、中华华哲水蚤（Sinocalanus sinensis）、太平洋纺锤水蚤（Acartia pacifica）和背针胸刺水蚤（Centropages dorsispinatus）等。浮游动物的年平均丰度为（162.95 ± 310.96）ind./m3，年平均生物量为（118.85 ± 62.80）mg/m3，存在明显的季节变化差异，春季丰度和生物量最高，秋季最低；冬季丰度比夏季高，生物量低于夏季。浮游动物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数（H'）、Pielou均匀度指数（J'）和浮游动物Margalef丰富度指数（D）年平均值分别为1.500 ± 0.702、0.656 ± 0.270和2.301 ± 1.087。Spearman相关性分析和CCA典范对应分析结果表明，海水温度、盐度、叶绿素a浓度和浮游植物丰度是影响瓯江口海域浮游动物优势丰度的重要环境因素。这为瓯江口环境季节变化对浮游动物的影响研究提供科学参考依据，为瓯江口生物资源的可持续发展提供基础资料和理论依据。Abstract: In order to explore the relationship between zooplankton community structure and environmental factors in Oujiang River Estuary, four voyages were conducted in March (winter), May (spring), August (summer) and November (autumn) in 2021 to investigate the zooplankton and other environmental factors such as sea temperature, salinity and chlorophyll-a in Oujiang River Estuary sea area. The results showed that 78 species of zooplankton were identified, including 16 species of larva, it belongs to 8 classes and 14 categories , with the highest number of species in summer (47 species) and the lowest number in winter (23 species). The dominant species (Y ≥ 0.02) include Calanus sinicus, Sinocalanus sinensis, Acartia pacifica, and Centropages dorsispinatus, 17 species. The average annual abundance of zooplankton was (162.95 ± 310.96) ind./m3, and the average annual biomass was (118.85 ± 62.80) mg/m3. The abundance and biomass of zooplankton were the highest in spring and the lowest in autumn. The abundance in winter was higher than that in summer, and the biomass was lower than that in summer. The average annual Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H'), Pielou evenness index (J') and Margalef richness index (D) were 1.500 ± 0.702, 0.656 ± 0.270 and 2.301 ± 1.087, respectively. Spearman correlation analysis and CCA canonical correspondence analysis showed that sea temperature, salinity, Chl a concentration and phytoplankton abundance were important environmental factors affecting the dominant abundance of zooplankton in the Oujiang River Estuary. It provides scientific reference for the study on the influence of seasonal environmental changes on zooplankton in Oujiang River Estuary, and provides basic data and theoretical basis for the sustainable development of biological resources in Oujiang River Estuary.
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图 2 瓯江口海域表层海水温度、盐度和叶绿素a浓度的平面分布
Fig. 2 Distribution of surface sea temperature, salinity and Chl a concentration in Oujiang River Estuary sea area
图 3 瓯江口海域浮游动物种类数分布
Fig. 3 Zooplankton species distribution in Oujiang River Estuary sea area
图 4 瓯江口海域浮游动物生物量分布
Fig. 4 Zooplankton biomass distribution in Oujiang River Estuary sea area
图 5 瓯江口海域浮游动物丰度分布
Fig. 5 Zooplankton abundance distribution in Oujiang River Estuary sea area
图 6 瓯江口海域浮游动物多样性指数季节分布
Fig. 6 Seasonal distribution of zooplankton diversity index in Oujiang River Estuary sea area
图 7 瓯江口海域浮游动物优势种与环境因子的CCA分析
T：海水温度；Sal：盐度；Chl a：叶绿素a；PA：浮游植物丰度；sp1：中华哲水蚤；sp2：中华华哲水蚤；sp3：虫肢歪水蚤；sp4：太平洋纺锤水蚤；sp5：背针胸刺水蚤；sp6：精致针刺水蚤；sp7：亚强真哲水蚤；sp8：中华胸刺水蚤；sp9：钩虾sp.；sp10：糠虾幼体；sp11：磷虾类带叉幼体；sp12：短尾类溞状幼体；sp13：箭虫幼体；sp14：长额刺糠虾；sp15：短额刺糠虾；sp16：百陶箭虫；sp17：异体住囊虫
Fig. 7 CCA analysis of zooplankton and environmental factors in Oujiang River Estuary sea area
T: Sea water temperature; Sal: salinity; Chl a:Chlorophyll a; PA: Phytoplankton abundance; sp1: Calanus sinicus; sp2: Sinocalanus sinensis; sp3: Tortanus vermiculus; sp4: Acartia pacifica; sp5: Centropages dorsispinatus; sp6: Euchaeta concinna; sp7: Eucalanus subcrassus; sp8: Centropages sinensis; sp9: Gammarus sp.; sp10: Mysidacea larve; sp11: Furcilia larvae; sp12: Brachyura zoea; sp13: Sagitta larvae; sp14: Acanthomysis longirostris; sp15: Acanthomysis brevirostris; sp16: Sagitta bedoti; sp17: Oikopleura dioica
表 1 瓯江口海域浮游动物优势种的季节分布和平均丰度
Tab. 1 Seasonal distribution and average abundance of dominant zooplankton species in Oujiang Estuary sea area
序号 种名 冬季 春季 夏季 秋季 优势度 平均丰度/（个·m−3） 优势度 平均丰度/（个·m−3） 优势度 平均丰度/（个·m−3） 优势度 平均丰度/（个·m−3） sp1 中华哲水蚤
Calanus sinicus0.96 280.2 ± 435.5 0.03 304.1 ± 958.5 __ __ __ __ sp2 中华华哲水蚤
Sinocalanus sinensis/ / 0.03 145.3 ± 407.5 __ __ __ __ sp3 虫肢歪水蚤
Tortanus vermiculus/ / 0.02 90.4 ± 278.2 __ __ / / sp4 太平洋纺锤水蚤
Acartia pacifica/ / __ __ 0.38 44.3 ± 57.8 0.04 2.9 ± 4.6 sp5 背针胸刺水蚤
Centropages dorsispinatus/ / / / 0.04 5.1 ± 5.4 0.08 6.8 ± 7.8 sp6 精致真刺水蚤
Euchaeta concinna/ / / / 0.02 3.7 ± 5.9 __ __ sp7 亚强真哲水蚤
Eucalanus subcrassus/ / / / __ __ 0.14 7.8 ± 15.3 sp8 中华胸刺水蚤
Centropages sinensis/ / / / __ __ 0.05 6.9 ± 20.4 sp9 钩虾sp.
Gammarus sp.__ __ 0.17 483.2 ± 848.7 __ __ / / sp10 糠虾幼体
Mysidacea larve/ / 0.10 463.2 ± 1 146.4 0.02 6.1 ± 11.9 __ __ sp11 磷虾类带叉幼体
Furcilia larvae__ __ 0.02 57.6 ± 140.1 __ __ __ __ sp12 短尾类溞状幼体
Brachyura zoea__ __ __ __ 0.04 5.3 ± 7.0 __ __ sp13 箭虫幼体
Sagitta larvae__ __ __ __ __ __ 0.02 1.7 ± 1.9 sp14 长额刺糠虾
Acanthomysis longirostris/ / 0.04 191.7 ± 568.1 __ __ __ __ sp15 短额刺糠虾
Acanthomysis brevirostris/ / __ __ / / 0.02 2.3 ± 3.9 sp16 百陶箭虫
Sagitta bedoti/ / __ __ 0.05 8.6 ± 13.1 __ __ sp17 异体住囊虫
Oikopleura dioica/ / / / __ __ 0.03 2.4 ± 4.2 注：sp:种类Species；“—”表示此物种不是优势种（Y＜0.02）；“/”表示未出现该物种。 
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Tab. 2 Sperman correlation analysis of zooplankton and environmental factors in Oujiang River Estuary sea area
相关系数 桡足类 端足类 浮游幼虫 糠虾类 毛颚类 被囊类 叶绿素a浓度/(μg·L−1) 0.619** 0.112 0.501** 0.443** 0.138 0.225 水温/℃ 0.499** 0.211 0.577** 0.156 0.475** −0.045 盐度 −0.217 −0.487** −0.337* −0.558** 0.217 0.163 浮游植物丰度/（个·L−1） 0.371* 0.477** 0.571** 0.241 0.283 −0.141 注： “*”表示显著相关（p < 0.05），“**”表示极显著相关（p < 0.01）。
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